Atmospheric Mercury Monitoring in China
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1 Atmospheric Mercury Monitoring in China Xinbin Feng 1, Xuewu Fu 1,2, Qi Wan 1,2, Wei Zheng 1,2 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang , China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China Pre-conference workshop, June 7th, 2009, Guiyang
2 Total Hg emissions by province, 1999, China data (all sources) (Streets et al., 2005) 540 t Tons/yr
3 Primary man-made Hg emissions are growing fast in recent years due to rapid economic growth ( Wu et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 2007) 1200 Hg emissions (t/yr) with uncertainty (95% confidence intervals) Uncertainty is still quite high, but diminishing over time (±78% in 1995; ±44% in 2003)
4 Mercury concentrations in global atmosphere (Travnikov et al., 2004)
5 Model simulated global annual-average surface concentrations of Hg 0 (ng m -3 ) (Seigneur et al., 2004)
6 The average annual surface TGM concentrations (ng m -3 ) (from Dastoor and Larocque, 2004)
7 Mercury concentrations in ambient air at different latitudes (Lamborg et al., 2002)
8 Changbai Mountain Waliguan GAW station Gongga Mountain Guiyang Leigong Mountain
9 Guiyag is the capital of Guizhou province, with a population of 3.5 million. It is one of cities with acid rain problems in China due to coal combustion emissions. Waliguan GAW station Changbai Mountain Gongga Mountain Guiyang Leigong Mountain
10 Changbai Mountain Waliguan GAW station Gongga Mountain Guiyang Leigong Mountain Mt. Gongga is situated on the Quaternary sections of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its transit zone to the Sichuan province, and is the highest mountain in Sichuan province with the summit of 7556m above sea level. The sampling site is located at the alpine ecosystem observation and experiment station (1640m a.s.l.), which is also one of the background air pollutant monitoring stations operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences.
11 Changbai Mountain Waliguan GAW station Gongga Mountain Guiyang Leigong Mountain The sampling site was located in the Open Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems ( E, N, 763 m a.s.l.), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The station is also one of the background air pollutant monitoring stations operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences.
12 m above sea level Changbai Mountain Waliguan GAW station Gongga Mountain Guiyang Leigong Mountain Leigong Mountain station situated in Southeastern Guizhou is one of the regional background sites for acid rain study, which is located at the summit of the mountain with m a.s.l.
13 Waliguan GAW station Changbai Mountain Waliguan GAW station Gongga Mountain Guiyang Leigong Mountain Waliguan station is one of 22 Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) stations, which located on the summit of the mountain with elevation of 3810 m a.s.l.
14 Average TGM: 8.40 ng m -3 TGM in air(ng/m 3 ) Sampling Date High temporal resolved TGM data in ambient air in Guiyang (Feng et al., JGR, 2004)
15 TGM concentration (ngm -3 ) Spring Summer Autumn Winter Seasonal variation of TGM in ambient air of Guiyang (Feng et al., JGR, 2004)
16 3.58±1.78 ng m ng m ng m ng m ng m -3 Hourly average total gaseous mercury concentrations measured in Changbai Mountain area in southwestern China (Wan et al., ER, 2009)
17 PM and RGM measured in cold season in Changba Mountain site PM and RGM measured in warm season in Changba Mountain site
18 Hourly average total gaseous mercury concentrations measured in Gongga Mountain area in southwestern China (Fu et al., 2008a)
19 Seasonal variation of total particulate mercury concentrations measured in Gongga Mountain area in southwestern China (Fu et al., 2008b)
20 Seasonal variation of RGM concentrations measured in Gongga Mountain area in southwestern China (Fu et al., 2008b)
21 2.93± 1.21 ng m -3 Total gaseous mercury concentrations in ambient air at Leigong Mountain site (May May 2009)
22 TGM concentration (ng m -3 ) 1.82 ±0.29 ng m -3 Total gaseous mercury distribution (hourly averaged) in ambient air at Waliguan GAW station (Sept now) (Feng et al., unpublished data)
23 Main Conclusions With rapid economic development, the anthropogenic mercury emissions in China is increasing though there are large uncertainties associated with current estimate of mercury emissions in China. Total gaseous mercury concentrations in ambient air at both urban and remote areas in China are elevated compared to the values reported in remote areas in North America and Europe.
24 Acknowledgment Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX3-SW-443, Hundred Talent Project) Chinese Natural Science Foundation ( ; ; ; ; )
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