A Book and a WebSite on. Information Systems for Urban Planning A Hypermedia Co-operative Approach

Transcription

1 A Book and a WebSite on Information Systems for Urban Planning A Hypermedia Co-operative Approach Robert LAURINI 1

2 Objectives of the book Not another GIS book!! Survey of novel computer tools in city planning Emphasis on hypermedia collaboration between actors use of communications real time dimension (environment monitoring) 2

3 Contents 1 - Systems Analysis of the Urban Planning Processes 2 - Design Methodologies for Information Systems 3 - Data Acquisition in Urban Environment 4 - Quality Control and Multisource Updating of Urban Databases 5 - Hypermaps and Web Sites for Urban Planning 6 - From Urban Knowledge to Spatial Metainformation 3

4 Contents 7 - Visualisation for Displaying and Accessing Urban Information 8 - Groupware in Urban Planning 9 - Computer Systems for Public Participation 10 - Computer Architectures for Urban Planning 11 - Real Time Information Systems for Urban Environment and Risks Monitoring 4

5 Objectives of the WebSite Continuous updating of all URL s Organizing a forum Links to other experiences / product A sort of Information System for ISUP s 5

6 Chapter 1 Systems Analysis of the Urban Planning Processes 6

7 City as a General System External influences Steering subsystem Decision making and planning Input Informational subsystem Controlled subsystem Information system for city-wide management and planning Output 7

8 Main sources Strategic information coming from the steering subsystem Information coming from measures on the controlled subsystem Urban information system Information for decision making and planning 8

9 Decision support systems Decision-Support Systems Based on Operations Research Based on Document Navigation - data analysis - system modelling - search strategies - optimization - multi-criteria - content analysis - documentation archiving - search strategies - browsing - controllability - relevant information 9

10 Urban planning / monitoring (a) City Past and present Objectives for the future Urban planning system Plan for the future (b) City Daily base Plan for the future Urban monitoring system Indicators of plan achievement 10

11 Group of urban planners supported by an information system CMM CMM CMM Urban information system CMM Actors and their Problems Actions Mental Models Real World = City 11

12 Architecture of an ISUP Planning officers Planning staff Citizens and other actors Alternative setting CSCW management Public participation Data acquisition and updating What-if models Evaluation techniques Plan formatting and visualisation Action plans Maps Data Management Written regulations Database for Urban Planning 12

13 Chapter 2 Design Methodologies for Information Systems 13

14 REAL WORLD External model 1 External model 2 External model n Conceptual model Logical model Internal model Three modelling levels 14

15 Multiple representations REAL WORLD: a street Traffic Management Cadaster Pavement Revetment Engineering networks Direct graph Two lines 2D object 3D object 15

16 (a) Point Line Area Volume (b) Country - Country-ID - Country name Spatial pictograms from Caron et al (c) Simple pictogram Parking lot - etc... Any occurrence of the entity "Parking Lot" is represented by an area Complex pictogram Tap Water Supply Network Pipe Any occurrence of the entity "Water Supply Network" is represented both at the minimum by a line and at the minimum by a point Alternative pictogram Working Site - etc... Any occurrence of the entity "Working Site" is represented the more often by an area and otherwise by a point 16

17 OMEGA formalism Technical Class Diagram Decomposition of town into plots. Name Population Town Composed of 1-n 1-1 Name Type Direction Road Borders 2-n 3-n Name Address Plot 1-n A Owner ID Name Age Owner 1-n 1-n Is in possession of house Contains House Address Floorspace Total area 0-1 (Ag) By clicking here the spatial aggregation detail diagram of the «House» Class can be viewed 17

18 AIGLE CASE Tool Computer Aided Software Engineering Developed in our lab Marketed by the CIRIL company Totally visual Drivers in MapInfo, MapObjects, JAVA 18

19 Chapter 3 Data Acquisition in Urban Environment 19

20 Cyclomedia 20

21 Air-borne Laser Acquisition ; 21

22 GPS

23 Acquisition with vehicle GPS satellite Links to a control center Urban Measuring Unit (a) (b) 23

24 Voice Technology Provided by Datria / Stantec GPS-positioned messages are stored into computers Interesting for example to describe certain situations 24

25 Chapter 4 Quality Control and Multisource Updating of Urban Databases 25

26 Zone or object modification Geographic Database Global refinement Existing Database Global corrections Updating Multi-layer integration Coverage extension 26

27 Various kinds of updating P 1 P 2 P 1 P 2 P 1 P 2 P 61 P 61 P 5 P 6 P 3 P 5 P 62 P 3 P 5 P 62 P 3 P 4 P 4 P 4 (a) (b) (c) 27

28 Regular updating by means of aerial photos Global Updating Global Updating Urban database t Urban database t+1 Urban database t+2 28

29 From photos to vectors (a) (b) (c) (d) 29

30 Topological control Parcel #51 Parcel #45 Parcel #46 Parcel #52 Parcel #47 Parcel #48 30

31 Chapter 5 Hypermaps and Web Sites for Urban Planning 31

32 (a) Document describing the history of the historical precinct (b) Document describing the flooding of the river in the XVIIth century Hypermaps (c) Document describing the history and evolution of the manufactures in the XIXth century (d) Document describing the planning of Central Business District and the induced traffic congestion Coordinate- (e) Document describing the history of the churches in the city (f) Document describing social problems in this zone due to immigration accessed documents (g) Document describing the Master Plan imposed by the regional administrative level (h) Document describing with signal, auditory or noise information throughout the city 32

33 URL anchored on building 33

34 Turin Land Use Plan 34

35 On-line Permitting City of Elasty-City Online building permitting - Online submission - Online comments - Permit Status - Get information - Quit 35

36 Chapter 6 From Urban Knowledge to Spatial Metainformation 36

37 Custodian Keywords Name Identification information Status Description Geographic coverage Software environment Data quality Accuracy Logical consistency Completeness Source / Lineage Entity/attribute Identification information Geographic Type and coverage formats Description Domains Status Measurement Software environment units FGDC Metadata Distribution information Access procedure Spatial data reference Coordinate system Distributor Format Map projection Datum 37

38 Argumaps Argumaps = Argumentation maps Created by Claus Rinner Electronic discussion and GIS Linked WWW and Collaborative DM Storing arguments planning arguments pro-opinion contra-opinion 38

39 Argumaps with pins 39

40 Argumaps with flags 40

41 Argumaps with smileys 41

42 Chapter 7 Visualisation for Displaying and Accessing Urban Information 42

43 Project visualisation (CommunityWorks) 43

44 Visualizing building possibilities 44

45 Virtual Reality in Cities

46 Façade database 46

47 Visual Accessing to Information Ben Shneidermann s approach STARFIELD approach for accessing to a collection of objects SPACE FILLING TREEMAPS for accessing various collections 47

48 Starfield Access to a Building Permit Database Floor space

49 Starfield visualisation of flood documents mp 50 mp 40 Auditory Documents mp 30 Photos mp 20 mp10 mp 0 Sea Reports 49

50 Accessing a Real City through a Virtual City Portal 50

51 Chapter 8 Groupware in Urban Planning 51

52 Cooperative Information Systems Cooperative Information System Task and message Management Participatory Design 52

53 Alternative plans Starting situation A B C Legend Refused version A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 C3 A1 B1 C1 A1 B2 Selected version C2 A3 B2 C3 53

54 Chapter 9 Computer Systems for Public Participation 54

55 Public Participation Issues participatory design urban plan visualization opinion collection and synthesis communication between residents and city council facilities organization Existence of NIMBY s (Not In My Back Yard) 55

56 Public Participation Ladder Public Participation in Final Decision PP in Assessing Consequences and Recommending Solutions Top level Participation PP in Defining Interests, Actors and Determining Agenda Public Right to Object Informing the Public Low level Participation Public Right to Know 56

57 Computer Systems Techniques virtual reality discussion forum argumaps Technical barriers, administrative barriers, technocratic barriers To few experiences ==> cyber-citizens 57

58 Chapter 10 Computer Architectures for Urban Planning 58

59 Architecture of a Cooperative Systems for Urban Planning Urban Planner DB Socio-economic planner DB Legislative adviser DB Architect DB Network Finance planner DB DB Utilities planner Global Database Task and Message Management Co-operative Information System Participatory Design Environmental planner DB 59

60 (a) Gas Database Building Database Data fragmentation Cadastre Database (b) LAYER FRAGMENTATION Zone A Database Zone B Database Zone C Database ZONAL FRAGMENTATION 60

61 Federation of Spatial Databases Site A Zone A RN 75 River C Roads RD 34 Tributary to the River C Site B Building artificially cut into two parts RN 75 RD 41 Missing link Zone B 61

62 Electricity company GIS Interoperability based on Mapping information Shared urban ontology ontologies Mapping information Mapping information Mapping information Cadastre Water supply Gas company GIS GIS GIS 62

63 Chapter 11 Real Time Information Systems for Urban Environment and Risks Monitoring 63

64 Applications of TeleGeoMonitoring Monitoring of air pollution Monitoring of pollution along rivers Monitoring of major risks Fleet management Turnpike traffic management Hazmat transportation Disaster management etc. 64

65 Real time information system for air pollution Front-end computer for signal reception and management Real time Database Management system Real time mapping device Environmental urban real time database Air Pollution Control Center 65

66 Turnpike Traffic Management G.P.S INMARSAT Ground Station Control Center Telephone network GIS 66

67 TGM for the control of the pollution of the Venice Lagoon 67

68 Home page of an extranet for urban risks City of Elasty-City Urban Areas' Risk Management and Control - Risk knowledge and diagnosis - Emergency prevention and control - Risk assessment - Get new information - Quit 68

69 Example of a Risk Map 69

70 Website 70

71 71

72 72

73 Final Remarks 73

74 Conclusions Modern telecommunications and information technology can change the nature of urban planning and public participation GIS is a piece of a global information infrastructure within a city Synergy between book and website 74

75 Thanks for your attention!! Information Systems for Urban Planning; A Hypermedia Co-operative Approach 75