Literature Review: Prior Research as a Resource. If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants. --Isaac Newton (1676)

Transcription

1 Literature Review: Prior Research as a Resource If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants. --Isaac Newton (1676)

2 Hourglass of Content in a Manuscript Literature Review Methods Results Discussion Implications

3 Outline of an Empirical Publication 1. Front Materials Title page, abstract page 2. Introduction Review of literature, conceptual definitions, and hypotheses 3. Methods Concrete operations: participants, procedure, design and materials 4. Results Presents Statistical Analyses and Findings 5. Discussion Interprets findings, their implications, limitations and future directions 6. References 7. Tables, Footnotes, Figures (Graphs), and Appendices

4 Resources for References 1. Check with your course instructor or research advisor first! 2. Howard University Library Sterling Online Catalogue Online Databases PsychInfo, Psych Articles, Lexis/Nexis 3. Google Scholar Advanced Search 4. Library of Congress

5 Howard University Library Howard Library: [LINK] Sterling Online Catalogue Research Databases [LIST] PsychInfo: Obama and skin tone in abstract [SEARCH] [ABSTRACT] [CITATION] Google Scholar [Jamie Barden]

6 Library of Congress Jefferson Room: Location: [HOMEPAGE] [SEARCH Obama Presidency] [SEARCH results] Click Through Title to: Request an Item

7 Quality References Relevance 1. Cite first article introducing measure, manipulation, method you use 2. Theories, hypotheses, ideas, definitions, and concepts central to your study 3. Publications that use similar methods and report relevant effects. Quality of Source Journals: peer reviewed, citation index, related to field, still read critically! Books and Chapters: by reputable publishers in your field edited and written by experts in the field Press articles: ONLY to establish level of interest in the topic, informal predictions, or illustrative examples (i.e., start of introduction).

8 Hourglass of Content in a Manuscript Literature Review Methods Results Discussion Implications 1. Establish importance of topic, indicate scope of investigation 2. Define key variables and review support methods 3. Review relevant theory and findings while pointing out limitations 4. Suggest current hypotheses 5. Foreshadow current approach

9 Introduction elements Establish Importance For students who have the opportunity, choosing a college or university is one of the most important decisions of their adult lives. Which college students choose to attend has ramifications for the rest of their lives including finding a mate, choosing a profession, and income (Ooesterbeek, Groot, & Hartog, 1992; Zhang, 2008). Indicate Scope The reasons students choose colleges can be influenced by a variety of academic, social, and economic reasons such as the reputation of the institution and academic department, the social life, tuition rates, and financial aid (Bowers & Pugh, 1973; Braddock & Hua, 2006; Corey, 1936; Erdman, 1983). Point out Limitations of Prior Work While there is a fair amount of research on reasons for choosing a college, both theory and empirical research have focused on the experience of White students in college choice, leaving open the issue of whether students from other racial groups approach college choice in a different manner (Smith & Fleming, 2006).

10 Introduction elements Defining Key Variables & Support Methods Sellers and colleagues outlined seven factors in the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (MIBI; Sellers, Rowley, Chavous, Shelton & Smith, 1997), and centrality is perhaps the most widely studied of these constructs. Racial centrality refers to the extent to which race is a core part of the self-concept, or the extent to which people normatively define themselves in terms of race (Sellers et al., 1998). Review Relevant Theory This approach is in line with the cognitive revolution, which has produced a number of influential theories focusing on cognition as a key variable in understanding opinions and behaviors, including Cognitive Response Theory (Greenwald, 1968), the Theory of Reasoned Action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980; Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975), and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TOPB; Ajzen, 1985). Suggest Current Hypotheses Thus, evidence suggests that Black students whose racial identity is more central to who they are may be more likely to make key life decisions, such as choosing a college or university, based on race-related reasons.

11 Citations and References (APA Style) Citation in Text: Sellers and colleagues outlined seven factors in the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (MIBI; Sellers, Rowley, Chavous, Shelton & Smith, 1997), and centrality is perhaps the most widely studied of these constructs. Racial centrality refers to the extent to which race is a core part of the self-concept, or the extent to which people normatively define themselves in terms of race (Sellers et al., 1998). Reference List Entries: Sellers, R. M., Rowley, S. J., Chavous, T. M., Shelton, J., & Smith, M. A. (1997). Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity: A preliminary investigation of reliability and constuct validity. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 73, doi: / Note: doi is new for APA 6 th Ed Sellers, R. M., Shelton, J. N., Cooke, D. Y., Chavous, T. M., Rowley, S. A. J., & Smith, M. A. (1998). A multidimensional model of racial identity: Assumptions, findings, and future directions. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), African American Identity Development (pp ). Hampton, VA: Cobb & Henry Publishers.

12 Journal Article Publication Process Manuscript: Predicting Race Reasons for College Choice Authors: Debbie Van Camp Jamie Barden Lloyd Sloan Editor s Decision Letter and Reviews Assistant Professor Trinity Washington University Kevin Cokley Editor Van Camp, D., Barden, J., & Sloan, L. R. (2010). Predictors of black students race-related reasons for choosing a HBCU and intentions to engage in racial identity relevant behaviors. The Journal of Black Psychology, 36, Anonymous Reviewer 1 & 2

13 Editor s Determinations 1. Reject, no invitation to resubmit 2. Reject, invite resubmission a) New data required b) No new data (re-writing only) 3. Accept pending revisions 4. Accept with no revisions

14 End of Literature Review