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8 Button frame line colors show lecture schedules.,,,but, it is not exactly the study-order. Scheduled Read within week! Check it now!

9 } findability Many students require guided tour.

10 Button name colors show appropriate order of drill repetition. Urgent! Check it now! Try again soon! You mastered it. You understand well.

11 Follow up individual learning Students motivation strongly depends upon the system for individual support. An accumulated drill score with time weight was introduced to provide advices for spaced and repetitive practice. Many students repeat drill study and get better scores. Therefore, students keep motivated in e-learning system. Advice on repetitive practice based on SPACED LEARNING Repetitive study is necessary. Repetition of practice Improve scores keep motivated! Review is effective if it is done when the memory deteriorates a little. (spaced learning) practice practice practice Spaced learning reactivate memory. practice practice practice time time Subjects that are not well understood should be reviewed earlier. (review order)

12 Accumulated Score P n with Weight on Time An evaluation function for drill records to provide advise of repetition and review. {p 1, p 2,.., p i,.., p n } : score records of a drill t i : time (days) from i-th practice to the time of page view τ : a characteristic time τ = 30 days n P n exp i =1 t i - τ - ( n - i ) τ -11 p i i-th record As the memory disappears with time, review becomes more required. Weight on the temporal order of records: (1/2) n-1,.., (1/2) n-i,.., 1/2, 1 Weight on the elapsed time (days) since practice to page view. (a sigmoid type) for newest record the weight decreases as time passes weigh weight order t (days)

13 Advises are provided based on the evaluation function. n P n exp i =1 t i - τ - ( n - i ) τ -11 p i Comments are provided according to the values of accumulated scores P n. P n comment P n 75 You understood well. Try again after a while. 75 > P n 60 You understood almost. Try again, you ll find something to notice. 60 > P n 50 You understood some of it. Repeat these drills to establish understanding. 50 > P n 30 You may not sufficiently understand it, or may forget it. Try now if you have something urgent. 30 > P n 10 You may not understand it, or may lost memory of it. Try again as soon as possible. 10 > P n Urgent! You have to study it just now.

14 Repetition of drill practices and average scores Practice once Twice Three time Up to about 5 times for each drill, considerable amount of repetitive practices were found. Amount of repetitive practices vs. the times of repetition of every drill. (total in 2 years) Students of my classes for 2 years Total: 388 E-learned: 379 (98%) repetition Drill score increases with repetition of sessions. Drill session should be repeated 4 times to improve the result. improvement keep motivated!

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17 electromagnetism wave heat dynamics basic math electromagnetism wave heat dynamics basic math trajectory steps trajectory steps - Many students more or less tried to explore the wide range of fields. - Trajectory patterns seemed dependent upon individuals.

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20 An example of learning trajectory on the contents topic map.

21 (access to connected contents) / (total access) rate of successive access to directly connected topics Around 40% of successive access is to those which are connected directly. dynamics wave electromag heat base knowledge applied applied base without direct links or the same topic

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23 σ(l) ~ L α L scale of coarse graining σ width of fluctuation (mean square displacement) L characteristics of fluctuaion σ α = 0.5 :Brownian motion α > 0.5 :positive feedback α < 0.5 :negative feedback initial step final step

24 σ(l) ~ L α characteristics of fluctuation α = 0.5 :Brownian motion α > 0.5 :positive feedback α < 0.5 :negative feedback

25 σ(l) ~ L α α = 0.5 :Brownian motion α > 0.5 :positive feedback α < 0.5 :negative feedback

26 summary,,, with the introduction of topic map portal, the range of individual self-study was found widened. positive feedback appeared in the upward movement in the map. Also, I expect topic map portal will induce variation of study manner,,, although many students need guided tours. 26

27 Web-based learning support Scene Problems Solution Positive point Self-learning It is often difficult to keep students motivated. A. Advice system for repetitive and spaced learning Repetitive study raises drill scores. This encourages learners. Classroom Everyone is isolated with his/her PC in classroom. B. Multi-user application Learners and teachers get together on line. Everyone sees other ones activities. Self-learning It is sometimes hard to reunite the contents learned. C. Topic maps portal Visualization of associations among subjects will make easier to recognize what is learned and will induce exploratory self-learning.

28 For active e-learning -induce selflearning by networked materials Active e-learning e-contens prep. e-contens rev. e-contens prep. e-contens e-contens rev. Classroom Active Learning face-to-face face-to-face - Training in traditional way - Active thinking through experiments and observation

29 Why e-learning? Face-to-face instruction will come first. Books Easy to handle. Memos and figures can be added. Get first impression and understanding. Excitement, doubt,,,, better understanding training correct misunderstanding integrate and organize knowledge Hand writings (note) Handouts (drills) Multi-meida materials Individual Study Trace teacher s expressions Express by oneself Dynamic Interactive E-Learning Learning data are stored and shared by students and teachers. Individual learning support by the learning management system (LMS) Individual integrated. + Get togather Learning materials can be linked with each other and It can work as a communication platform.

30 Pull down menu Example of text Page print Page change Commenting form

31 Example of calculation drill form Drill area (numerical calculation). 1. Question. A random variable is used to change a parameter at each session. 2. Figure and basic expressions for hint. 3. Answer input. 4. Answer check. Submitting and commenting. 1. Comment and question. 2. Submitting. User activity affects contents. Feedback. Teacher s feedbacks to some questions and comments are added.

32 Communication by multi-user application Dual choice. When answering, ID mice are seen to move and gather these areas. ID mouse that shows the position of user s mouse position. Chat area. Description and discussion are done here. Inputted sentences are stored in the database. At sometime, e-learning system is used in the lecture time. table experiments: think before experiment, think after the result was shown. various questioning. Often, students are more frank online. Result bar graph. Choices of question and collected data.