Mobile Ad Hoc Network and Vehicular Network (VANET)

Transcription

1 Mobile d Hoc Nework and Vehicular Nework (VNT) Wirele Nework Operaion Mode Infrarucure v d Hoc nework infrarucure infrarucure mode bae aion connec mobile ino wired nework handoff: mobile change bae aion (poin of aachmen) providing connecion ino wired nework T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-1 T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-2 Wirele Nework: d Hoc Mode d hoc mode no bae aion node can only ranmi o oher node wihin link coverage node organize hemelve ino a nework: roue among hemelve, addre aignmen, N-like name ranlaion, ec [Wikipedia] Wirele ad-hoc nework i a compuer nework in which he comm link are wirel he nework i ad hoc becaue each node i willing o forward daa for oher node, and o he deerminaion of which node forward daa i made dynamically baed on he nework conneciviy. T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-3 xample: and lueooh i Wirele peronal area nework (WPN): le han 10 m diameer, low power, low rae replacemen for cable (moue, keyboard, headphone) ad hoc: no infrarucure : evolved from lueooh pecificaion Hz radio band in TM manner wih ime lo of 625 microec and 79 channel. up o 721 kbp daa rae device are organized in picone of up o 8 acive device wih one a maer and remaining a lave and up o 255 parked device: lave reque permiion o end (o maer) maer gran reque and i clock deermine ime in he picone and can move he au of parked device o acive. P M P P radiu of coverage M Maer device lave device P Parked device (inacive) T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-4 P More xample: Vehicular ad-hoc nework (VNT) Mulihop wirele nework of mall mobile compue node oe no require aic infrarucure Rapidly deployable, elfconfiguring, faul oleran hanging opology due o mobiliy T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-5 T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-6 1

2 enor Nework Nework of mar, embedded enor for monioring and urveillance applicaion. ollaboraive deecion and racking Mobile d Hoc Nework (MNT) Kind of wirele ad hoc nework, and elfconfiguring nework of mobile rouer conneced by wirele link. The rouer are free o move randomly and organize hemelve arbirarily; hu, he nework wirele opology may change rapidly and unpredicably. T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-7 T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-8 Nework Proocol Layer Technical hallenge in Rouing Mo reearch ha been direced pplicaion Tranpor Layer (TP variaion) Nework klayer (Rouing/ddreing) Link Layer (Medium cce onrol) Phyical Layer (Radio) T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-9 Need dynamic rouing requen opological change poible. Poenial of nework pariion. Rouing overhead mu be kep minimal onrained reource: low bandwidh, low power, ec uo configuraion iue ddre aignmen ervice dicovery New pplicaion/ervice Locaion baed: iribue ome informaion o all node in a geographic area (geoca). onen baed: Query all enor ha ened omehing paricular in he pa hour. ecuriy and Privacy nd node erve a rouer T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-10 Rouing Proocol Proacive proocol (able-baed) Tradiional diribued hore-pah proocol. aed on periodic updae. High rouing overhead. Reacive (on-demand) )proocol icover roue whenever needed o reduce rouing overhead. Ueful when #raffic eion << #node. No roue creaed a priori. I i creaed in repone o a need. u inroduce delay. ource-iniiaed roue dicovery. Hybrid proocol T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-11 ource Iniiaed Reacive Rouing ource flood he nework wih a roue reque packe when a roue i required o a deinaion. lood i propagaed radially ouward from he ource. einaion replie o reque. Reply come via he revered pah of he roue reque; and e up he forward pah. T: Mobile ad hoc nework

3 Rouing Proocol in MNT OV: d-hoc on-demand diance vecor ZRP: Zone Rouing Proocol PR: reedy Perimeer aele Rouing OV Proocol. Perkin and. Royer, d-hoc on-emand iance Vecor Rouing, eb 1999 R3561, experimenal R publihed in 2003 OV: d-hoc on-demand iance Vecor IP-baed ource/deinaion addre ource flood roue reque (RRQ) in he nework. ach node forward he reque only once (pure flooding). Revere pah are formed when a node hear a roue reque. T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-13 T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-14 OV Roue icovery OV Roue icovery ource flood roue reque in he nework. ach node forward he reque only once (pure flooding). Ue hop-by-hop rouing. Revere pah are formed when a node hear a roue reque. ach node forward he reque only once (pure flooding). T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-15 T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-16 OV Roue icovery OV Roue icovery Roue reply i forwarded via he revere pah. Roue reply (RRP) i forwarded via he revere pah hu forming he forward pah. The forward pah i ued o roue daa packe. T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-17 T: Mobile ad hoc nework

4 Roue xpiry Unued pah expire baed on a imer. OV Opimizaion n inermediae node wih a roue o can reply o roue reque (inead of forwarding) Quenche roue reque flood. Pah repreened a nex-hop poiner (a in RIP rouing able?). bove opimizaion can caue loop. T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-19 T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-20 OV: Rouing Loop OV: Rouing Loop ume, link - fail, and ha node doen know abou he failure. (roue error packe from i lo). doe a roue dicovery. dicover he roue imilarly, dicover he roue Reul in a loop: --- bove problem can be dicovered eaily, if pah are ored only a nex-hop poiner. T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-21 T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-22 equence Number o void Loop ociae each roue able enry wih a equence number o indicae i frehne : higher he number, more up o dae i he roue enry. ach node mainain a couner equence number, in addiion o cai. equence number i incremened by one for each bca. Roue icovery ource broadca Roue Reque (RRQ) (rc, N, cai, e, N, #hop) ource equence Number (N) o mainain frehne info abou he revere roue o he ource einaion equence Number (N) o pecify how freh a roue o he deinaion mu be before i can be acceped by he ource. node can reply o RRQ i If i i he deinaion Or i ha a freh enough roue o he deinaion Oherwie, i rebroadca he RRQ In each node, keep rack of (e, rc, cai, Lifeime, N) and dicard redundan broadca T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-23 T: Mobile ad hoc nework

5 equence Number in OV ume N = 10 or a mg RRQ wih N =10 Y? Ha a roue o wih N = 7 Y doe no reply, bu forward he RRQ eq. no. = 15 In pah eup: if an inermediae node receiving a reque RRQ in he forma of (rc, N, cai, e, N, #hop) ha a roue enry for he deired deinaion, i replie wih a roue (inead of forwarding reque) if and only if i ha a roue wih a higher or equal N. Reply mg in he forma of (rc, e, N, #hop, Lifeime) T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-25 voidance of Loop Number above are equence number for. dicover he roue: ----, and updae i equence number for o 10. will no be able o dicover a roue o (hrough or ). T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-26 ummary: OV mo one roue per deinaion mainained a each node fer link break, all roue uing he failed link are eraed. xpiraion baed on imeou. Ue of equence number o preven loop. Opimizaion onrol flooding (incremenally increae region ) ore hop-coun wih he pah. Zone Rouing Proocol (ZRP) Zone rouing proocol combine Proacive proocol, and Reacive proocol Z.Haa and M. Pearlman, The performance of query conrol cheme for he zone rouing proocol, IOMM 98 T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-27 T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-28 Zone in ZRP ll node wihin d hop from a node X are aid o be in he rouing zone of node X. ll node a hop diance exacly d are aid o be boundary node of node X rouing zone. ordercaing: The operaion of ending a roue reque query o ome or all of a node peripheral node. ull bordercaing elecive bordercaing T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-29 Inra and Iner-zone Rouing Inra-zone rouing: Proacively mainain roue o all node wihin he ource node own zone. an ue link-ae or diance-vecor proocol. Iner-zone rouing: Ue an on-demand proocol (imilar o OV) o deermine roue o ouide zone. Roue reque query i propagaed efficienly from zone o zone via bordercaing. T: Mobile ad hoc nework

6 Roue icovery in ZRP Mulihop pah link Zone broadca roue reque o,, and. They in urn broadca heir zone periphery. recognize ha i in i zone, and replie o roue reque. know roue o via inra-zone rouing. T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-31 Iue in ZRP ZRP rie o balance be of boh world. Roue reque propagae in quanum of zone radiu. Proacive pah only wihin zone. Zone radiu mu be choen carefully. ZRP include echnique o improve inerzone roue dicovery proce Prevening loopback: preven roue reque coming back o he zone ha i already queried. elecive bordercaing: only a ube of peripheral node are bordercaed uch ha all nex age zone are covered. T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-32 eomeric Rouing PR: reedy Perimeer aele Rouing P. oe, P. Morin, I. ojmenovic, and J. Urruia, Rouing wih guaraneed delivery in ad hoc wirele nework, ILM 99, ug 99. Karp and H. T. Kung, PR: reedy Perimeer aele Rouing for wirele nework, Mobicom 00, ug 00.k.a. locaion-baed, poiion-baed, geographic, ec. ach node know i own poiion and poiion of neighbor ource know he poiion of he deinaion No rouing able ored in node! eomeric rouing i imporan: P/alileo, local poiioning algorihm, overlay P2P nework, eocaing Mo imporanly: Learn abou general ad-hoc rouing T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-33 T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-34 reedy Rouing ach node forward meage o be neighbor reedy Rouing ach node forward meage o be neighbor? T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-35 u greedy rouing may fail: meage may ge uck in a dead end Need o correc geomeric rouing algg. T: Mobile ad hoc nework

7 ace Rouing (Perimeer Rouing) ace Rouing T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-37 T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-38 ace Rouing ace Rouing T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-39 T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-40 ace Rouing ace Rouing T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-41 T: Mobile ad hoc nework

8 ace Rouing ace Rouing Properie ll neceary informaion i ored in he meage ource and deinaion poiion Poin of raniion o nex face ompleely local: Knowledge abou direc neighbor poiion ufficien ace are implici Righ Hand Rule T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-43 T: Mobile ad hoc nework 6-44 ummary MNT Reacive Rouing in MNT d Hoc on-emand rouing (OV) Zone rouing gproocl Locaion-baed rouing proocol: PR Par II: Vehicular Nework ae for ooperaive ommunicaion T: Mobile ad hoc nework Wayne ae VNT 46 ereocopic View of a Vehicle New 360- Objec eecion enor Long range radar/lidar 2. orward viion 3. ron hor range radar/lidar 4. Rear hor range radar/lidar 5. Rear viion 6. Rear mid-range radar/lidar 7. ide hor-range radar/viion 8. ide mid-range radar/viion V2V wirele communicaion wih P Reduce co and complexiy for acive afey Offer advanced elemaic ervice a lower co. Wayne ae VNT 47. Wayne ae VNT 48 8

9 aimlerhryler Reearch and Technology Norh merica, Inc. Vehicular Nework: V2V / V2I R/WV R: edicaed hor Range omm 5.9Hz band allocaed by in 1999 and by U in 2008 I p WV: Wirele cce in Vehicular nvironmen I P1609 Roadide bae aion mergency even Iner-vehicle communicaion Vehicle-o-roadide communicaion R/WV Wi-i ellular Mobile WiMX5 aa rae 3-27Mbp 6-54Mbp < 2 Mbp 1-32 Mbp Laency < 50m econd econd? Range < 1km < 100m < 10km < 15km Mobiliy > 60 mph < 5mph > 60 mph > 60 mph Nominal andwidh Operaing and I d. 10MHz 20MHz < 3MHz < 10MHz Hz (IT-R) p (WV) 2.4Hz, 5.2Hz (IM) 800MHz, 1.9Hz 2.5 Hz a N/ e. Wayne ae VNT 49. Wayne ae VNT 50 R/WV-enabled pplicain low / opped Vehicle dvior 45 applicaion afey-relaed pplicaion Inerecion colliion voidance Public afey ign xenion Vehicle diagnoic and mainenance Info form oher vehicle raking, merging raffic, blind po, ec MP Vehicle afey ommunicaion onorium IMLRHRYLR IVI Ligh Vehicle nabling Reearch Program Non-afey applicaion Traffic managemen: improve raffic flow ree-flow olling Info from oher vehicle Ue infra-o-vehicle and v-o-v comm o improve driver navigaion and enhance afe vehicle op V-1 founded in 2002 V-2 ared in ec 2006 Ho vehicle monior meage from oher vehicle up o 250m ahead Ho vehicle advie driver when any vehicle ahead (in lane, righ / lef lane) i opped or raveling 20 mph lower han he ho Lead Vehicle Maximum iance of eparaion ~ 140 meer dviory Ho Vehicle. Wayne ae VNT 51. Wayne ae VNT 52 orward olliion Warning Rear-nd HML (op lamp) Ho vehicle monior meg from oher vehicle up o 150 m ahead and in he ame lane Ho vehicle provide warning o driver when he i in danger of rear-end colliion wih vehicle ahead in lane + Hapic ea eeced, auion, Warning Lead vehicle monior oher vehicle up o 150 m behind and in ame lane Lead vehicle ue HML and revere lamp o warn he following vehicle driver when approaching very fa from behind and in lane lah ail and revere lamp Maximum iance of eparaion ~ 140 meer Maximum iance of eparaion ~ 140 meer WRN lah HML Lead Vehicle Ho Vehicle Lead Vehicle Ho Vehicle. Wayne ae VNT 53. Wayne ae VNT 54 9

10 lind Zone dvior / Warning Ho vehicle provide adviory (eady amber) o he driver when here i a vehicle in blind zone Ho vehicle provide warning (flahing amber + hapic ea) o he driver when here i a vehicle in blind zone and urn lamp i acivaed lind Zone Lane hange Warning - loing Vehicle Maximum iance of eparaion ~ 140 meer Ho vehicle warn (flahing amber) when here i anoher overaking vehicle in nex lane and urn lamp i acivaed Ho Vehicle a pproach Zone. Wayne ae VNT 55 Ho Vehicle Oher Vehicle. Wayne ae VNT 56 Technical hallenge WV and ommunicaion ack Wirele cce Technology I p in ill under developmen. Large cale comm performance reliabiliy and capaciy? WV Reference Implemenaion I P1609 andard call for major reviion in 2009 reource, ecuriy, neworking, communicaion? P Technology ccuracy? overage (ouage due o obrucion)? Marke Peneraion? lea 10% penerayion o make he nework able P1609.1, Reource Manager P1609.2, ecuriy ervice P1609.3, Nework ervice P1609.4, M x ervice In ec 2008, I inroduced a new andard P ha define comm managemen ervice.. Wayne ae VNT 57. Wayne ae VNT 58 In ummary Mobile d Hoc Nework (MNT) d hoc nework: elf-configuraion Mobile/wirele --> dynamic opology addreing, rouing Rouing algorihm d hoc on-demand diance vecor (OV) reedy perimeer aele rouing (PR) Vehicular nework. Wayne ae VNT 59 10