The Accident Research Unit
|
|
- Amanda Skinner
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Hannover Medical School The Accident Research Unit -1-
2 Content of lecture Vulnerable road users are the main topic Research on In-Depth-Investigation i.e. GIDAS New Aspects on Bicycle Helmets Whiplash problematic Practices on forensic expertises in Germany 2-2-
3 Accident Research and Forensics Tasks common workprocess Accident analysis Accident causation Aviodance stategies Injuries and injury pattern Speed of driving Impact Speed Avoidance speed Documentation of traces Questionairing witnesses and participants Analysis of injury causation and mechanisms Determination of impact and driving speed Avoidance and failures Effectiveness of safety eqippments Impact and moving behavior of persons -3-
4 Real World Analysis Experimental Simulation Nat. + int. statistics Accident Research Unit Crashtests Component tests Vehicle development Field analyses Computersimulation -4-
5 In-Depth Research Teams Germany Hannover since1973 Dresden since1999 Investigation Area 60 km radius -5-
6 Technical University Dresden methodology Medical University Hannover 2000 accidents annual 1000 accident 1000 accident By order of Federal Highway Research Institute BAST Automotive Research Association FAT -6-
7 Kind + Location + Severity AIS 2005 Injury documentation Abbreviated Injury Scale Commotio Cerebri AIS 2 MAIS 2 AIS-Head 2 Laceration Head right frontal AIS 1 Fracture of head of radius right AIS 2 Rupture left crucial ligament AIS 2 AIS-Arms 2 AIS-Legs 2-7-
8
9 3-D-picture scene of accident ( ) 3-D-Scan -9-
10 True to scale drawing as basis for reconstruction -10-
11 On scene investigation Hannover [n] Year of investigation Number of cases 1973 to 2013 Accidents Vehicles Persons Casualties Injuries /18/
12 Pedestrian Safety -12-
13 Development of safety car frontal against pedestrian in the 70s Collision Opel Ascona frontal against pedestrian, Collision speed 45 kph, Deformation front edge of hood, Impact on windshield MAIS 3 Pedestrian female, 48 years, MAIS 3 Contusions and abrasions (AIS 1) Comotio cerebri (AIS 2) Dislocated lower leg fracture left (AIS 3) Symphyseal disruption (AIS 2) -13-
14 87.2% pedestrian - collision with car - 70-ies frequencies of injured body regions 6.8% injured by body impact with 57.3% 32.1% 21.3% 26.2% vehicle part is cause of injury 82.5% 53.1% 53.3% road surface 59.9% total n =
15 Development of safety car frontal against pedestrian in the 90s Collision VW Jetta frontal against pedestrian, Collision speed 45 kph, Impact on right front bumper and hood MAIS 2 Pedestrian female, 21years, MAIS 2 Abrasion forehead right side (AIS 1) Abrasion right hand (AIS 1) Abrasion right knee (AIS 1) Fracture of left fibula (AIS 2) -15-
16 62.1% pedestrian - collision with car - 90-ies frequencies of injured body regions 4.9% injured by body impact with 42.5% 23.2% 8.8% 16.3% vehicle part is cause of injury 69.5% 31.8% 33.0% road surface 58.7% total n =
17 Development of safety car frontal against pedestrian up to date Collision BMW-one frontal against pedestrian, Collision speed 45 kph, Deformation front edge of hood, Impact on windshield MAIS 1 Pedestrian male, 56 years, MAIS 1 Contusions and abrasions (AIS 1)
18 45.4% pedestrian - collision with car - actual frequencies of injured body regions 37.6% 6.7% 22.0% 6.3% 17.7% injured by body impact with vehicle part is cause of injury 67.7% 26.5% 27.1% road surface 52.7% total n =
19 Injury probability pedestrians (adults > 150 cm) Collisions of car-front 100% 90% 80% MAIS 5/6 Most heavily injured killed % cumulative 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% MAIS 1 Slightly injured MAIS 2-4 Seriously injured 0% bis > 70 Collision speed car total n =
20 Impact of pedestrians < 40 km/h Frontal impact all types of cars Head-impact Maximum x-distance -20-
21 Impact of pedestrians > 40 km/h Frontal impact all types of cars Head-impact Maximum x-distance -21-
22 accident reality Testvorschlag für die Windschutzscheibe -22-
23 History of Traffic Safety BICYCLISTS -23-
24 bicycle collision with car - 70-ies frequencies of injured body regions 84.3% 5.2% injured by body impact with 64.4% 34.9% 15.2% 15.2% vehicle part is cause of injury 77.8% 38.2% total n = 217 road surface 60.4% -24-
25 bicycle collision with car - 90-ies frequencies of injured body regions 51.2% 6.9% injured by body impact with 44.5% 24.5% 5.8% 11.8% vehicle part is cause of injury 68.3% 16.0% total n = 1614 road surface 70.8% -25-
26 especially effective for persons > 40 yeard bicycle helmet increases safety elderly persons helmet with without good protections against head injuries by bicycle helmets age classification -26-
27 European Standard for bicycle helmet production Sichtfeld Horizontal min. 105 Grad Nach oben min. 25 Grad Nach unten mind. 45 Grad Stoßdämpfung Stirn, Hinterkopf,Seiten, Schläfen, Oberkopf schützen Max.Beschleunigung < 250g 5,42 m/s flacher Sockel (1,5m) 4,57 m/s Bordsteinkante (1,0m) Trageeinrichtung Dyn. Dehnung max. 25 mm -27-
28 Shock Absorber Test of Helmet determination of test area 1 reference level 2 reference line for angular measurement test area above by Worst case Method -28-
29 Bilder der Radhelme experiences from real world accidents -29-
30 Definition of Impact and Damage Matrix on Helmet protective are by CEN
31 Location of Damages / Impact Areas on Helmet Scratches, Traces Deformations Bursts -31-
32 Proposal for Extension of Protective Area -32-
33 Radhelm und Verletzungsschwere Radfahrer % ,3 4,3 not injured with helmet (n=433) 72,074,4 21,2 17,5 without helmet (n=3812) 2,8 2,8 0,7 0,7 0,0 0,3 0,0 0,0 MAIS 1 MAIS 2 MAIS 3 MAIS 4 MAIS 5 MAIS 6 maximum injury severity grade -33-
34 % Injury Severity Grade of Head 70,2 61,9 not injured with helmet (n=433) 18,1 27,7 11,18,8 without helmet (n=3812) AIS > % without helmet 0.6 % with helmet 0,2 0,9 0,4 0,5 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,0 AIS 1 AIS 2 AIS 3 AIS 4 AIS 5 AIS 6 injury severity grade of head -34-
35 % reduction 75% 0,2 Frequencies of Head Injuries 0,8 skull fracture with helmet (n=433) 11,0 8,8 reduction 83% 0,2 1,2 0,2 0,5 brain brain injury AISinjury AIS 2 3+ without helmet (n=3812) reduction 60% base fracture head injury 2,6 2,7 facial frakture reduction 33% 22,9 34,3 soft tissue injury -35-
36 Example: Bicyclist without Helmet headimpact windscreen impact zone left side -36-
37 Example: Bicyclist without Helmet bicyclist: female, 69 Jahre MAIS 3 compression fracture skull deeply wound fronthead fracture right patella compl. fracture right lower leg multiple soft tissue injuries legs -37-
38 Example: Bicyclist with Helmet impact zone front wheel head impact A-pillar -38-
39 Example: Bicyclist with Helmet bicyclist: male, 8 Jahre MAIS 1 laceration left knee no injuries head -39-
40 Example: Bicyclist with Helmet used helmet deformation outer shell by impact with A-pillar -40-
41 Statistical Probability to Suffer Head Injuries - ODDS-RATIO Odd Ratio, to rate the difference of two Odds resulting in classifying the intensity values >1 increasing probability values <1 decreasing probability Task variable AIS-Head Brain Injury AIS >3 Facial Fracture -41-
42 Logistical Regression AIS-Head Odds Ratio impact speed collision partner <0,0001 age of bicyclist <0,0001 BMI accident location rural <0,0001 daytime type of bicycle dust night BMX bicycle n.f.s. mountainbike racing bicycle p cycle path none, not used <0,0001 collision partner object <0,0001 bicycle pedestrian truck multiple mot. two-wheeler gender female helmet without
43 Logistical Regression Brain Injuries AIS 3+ (n=62 vs. 1153) Odds Ratio impact speed collision partner < age of bicyclist BMI accident location rural daytime type of bicycle dust night BMX bicycle n.f.s. mountainbike racing bicycle p cycle path none, not used collision partner object bicycle pedestrian truck multiple mot. two-wheeler gender female helmet without < number of cases! -43-
44 Logistical Regression Facial Frakture (n=124 vs. 4091) Odds Ratio impact speed collision partner < age of bicyclist BMI accident location rural daytime type of bicycle dust night BMX bicycle n.f.s. mountainbike racing bicycle p cycle path none, not used collision partner object < bicycle pedestrian truck multiple mot. two-wheeler gender female helmet without not significant influence in question -44-
45 Conclusion! Protective Effect of Helmet is Clearly! 40% of bicyclists without helmet (30 % with helmet) suffer head injuries 70%.at impact speed v >40 kph 5.4% of bicyclists with head injuries are AIS>2 (0.9% with helmet) byciclists with helmet are more young people, seniors are rare byciclists with helmet more often use street 57% vs. 42% without helmet racing biker more often use helmet and are driving on the street usage is low rural, by night, age of bicyclist >50 years -45-
46 Effectiveness of Bicycle Helmet Verifiable by Accident Studies protection from soft tissue injuries soft tissue injuries 35 % especially from severe injuries skull fractures 71 % brain injuries 82 % base of skull fractures 58 % -46-
47 Analysis of accident cause in on scene investigations ACAS Accident Causation Analysis System -47-
48 On scene investigation Show inside in accident occurence Show injury pattern and detailed injuries Explain injury mechanism Find accident causes and human behavior Probability of occurence of injuries Influence parameter of injuries
49 HOW CAN KNOW-HOW BE USED? Interdisciplinary survey technical medical traffic psychology -49-
50 How can know-how be used? Interdisciplinary expertises Forensic Technique Biomechanics Medicine & other disciplins -50-
51 How can know-how be used? Interdisciplinary expertises -51-
52 How can know-how be used? Interdisciplinary expertises Sitting position in the car Usage of seatbelt Efficiency of helmet usage Injury mechanism Injury causation Walking direction Suicidal intent Injuries accident probability Correlation of damages Speed calculation Avoidance strategies Possibility of sight Possibility of visibility Hit or run Insurance fraud Roll over of human body -52-
53 Whiplash -53-
54 Difficulty of Whiplash diagnosis Practical case forensical surveys rear-end collision Situation of cars and accident severity Diagnosis: based on accident event Delta-v 4,5 kph up to 6 kphh 1,5 g up to 2,5 g -54-
55 Basis of assessment: accident severity Delta-v 4,5 kph up to 6 kph 1,5 g up to 2,5 g -55-
56 Academic basis is comprehensive but not completely enlightening yet! Probability of occurence No absolute values usable! At best guidance according to scientific literature Frontal-collision (flexion of cervical spine) Vehicle deceleration > 5 8 g ( v > 10 kph) Rear-end collision (hyperextension of cervical spine): Vehicle deceleration > 2 g ( v > 3 kph) Lateral collision (lateral flexion of cervical spine): Vehicle deceleration > 6 g ( v > 3 kph) -56-
57 How in-depth-accident surveys are shown Whiplash Car occupant with seatbelt in GIDAS 40 Frequency % of whiplash injuries year of construction < 2005 (n=24.223) year of construction greater equal 2005 (n=3.071) 10,2 8,8 9,7 10,7 36,9 33,4 25,0 Front Side Rear-end multiple Impact car 27,8-57-
58 accidents n= accidents reconstr. n= participants n= cars n= cars n=2.170 occupants front n=2.952 n=2.763 Occupants front seated Data basis: rear-end collisions excluded STATUS not completed n= without reconstruction n= 458 participants truck n= bus, tram n= 897 Motorized two-wheeler n= bicycle n= pedestrian n= other n= 108 unknown n= 2 delta-v unknown n= multiple collisions n= Collision partner no car n= No rear-end collision n= coll. partner not frontal n= 80 mass car unkown n= 114 mass coll. partner unkn. n= 61 Injury severity MAIS unknown n= 66 age unknown n=
59 Regression coefficient B Standard error ge Wald df Sig. Exp(B) 95% confidence interval for EXP(B) Lower value Superior value DELTAV,015,002 58,960 1,000 1,015 1,011 1,019 Age -,010,001 45,103 1,000,990,988,993 Kind of impact 871,262 2,000 Kind of impact (1) 1,758, ,333 1,000 5,801 5,158 6,525 Kind of impact (2),253,065 15,393 1,000 1,288 1,135 1,462 Sex (1),905, ,657 1,000 2,473 2,255 2,712 Mass coll. partner 23,769 2,000 Mass coll. partner (1),195,066 8,727 1,003 1,215 1,068 1,383 Step 1 a Mass coll. partner (2),310,064 23,666 1,000 1,363 1,203 1,544 Mass car 3,365 2,186 Mass car (1),104,057 3,341 1,068 1,109,993 1,240 Mass car (2),081,074 1,190 1,275 1,085,937 1,255 Direction of impact (1),295,053 30,783 1,000 1,344 1,210 1,491 Constant -2,435, ,022 1,000,088 a. In step 1 entered variables: DELTAV, age, kind of impact, sex, mass collision partner, mass car, direction of impact. -59-
60 Except for the mass of the car all parameter show a highly significant influence. This means, that delta-v solely shows influence but not alone! it can be seen a significant influence in interaction with other variables -60-
61 Amount of isolated whiplash injuries in rear-end collisions [%] whiplash MAIS 1 MAIS 2+ Poly. (whiplash) Poly. (MAIS 1) Poly. (MAIS 2+) Delta-v [kph] -61-
62 Amount of isolated whiplash injuries in lateral collisions [%] whiplash MAIS 1 MAIS 2+ Poly. (whiplash) Poly. (MAIS 1) Poly. (MAIS 2+) Delta-v [kph] -62-
63 Amount of isolated whiplash injuries in frontal collisions [%] whiplash MAIS 1 MAIS 2+ Poly. (whiplash) Poly. (MAIS 1) Poly. (MAIS 2+) Delta-v [kph] -63-
64 Whiplash injuries conclusion symptoms of whiplash injuries possible at all accident constellations and Delta-v values Duration and scope of complaints are independent from Delta-v values and medical finding of steep position of cervical spine -64-
65 Duration and scope of complaints correlate with physiologic parameters gender vigour / training health situation degenerative pre-existing defects -65-
66 ,4 64,4 SF 36: whiplash injuries 85 81,4 81,4 77,3 78,2 72,5 71,1 66,5 60,4 56,3 52,9 50,4 50,8 38,7 Correlates with chronic pains whiplash injury chronic pain german standard population -66-
67 pre-existing affection or injury of spine? What is accidental cause? malposition, stiff segments? Does the pain correlate with: malposition,instability? Degeneration and influence? -67-
68 Surveys: Diagnostic approach anamnesis: afflictions statics / functional examination nerve examination x-ray, CT, MRT progression -68-
69 How a Whiplash case can be handled? Can only be answered in interdisciplinary surveys! Investigation of accident collision sequences Investigation of occupant kinematics and biomechanical stress Assessment of injuries and symptomatology Inclusion of additional experts (neurosurgery, psychological, ) if necessary Interdisciplinary report -69-
70 Examples -70-
71 Causation of plunge in staircase Elderly lady declares, that she tumbled over the defect banister after leaving her apartment. She was found lying in front of the door one floor downstairs -71-
72 Causation of plunge in staircase Metodology of expertises: Preparing a true to scale drawing Reconstruction of accident with motion analysis and assessment of injuries -72-
73 Plunge in staircase profile of staircase from point cloud Top floor apartment of complainant banister, over which she tumbled (according to her own statement) Final position of complainant -73-
74 Plunge in staircase - Simulation with PC-Crash Different motion sequences can be simulated this way: Plunge from stairs (final position reached) -74-
75 Plunge in staircase - Walk over stairs Different motion sequences can be simulated this way: Plunge over banister (final position not reached) Conclusion Only possible Falling on stairs Lower stairs level No influnce from fender -75-
76 Example -76-
77 Visibility of a person in a run over Accident: In the morning hours (darkness) a person lying on the road surface was run over by a car in a right-hand bend. Question: preventability of the accident by the car driver? Photos from the official photo report -77-
78 Run over a person True to scale sketch : Final position of the person (claimant) and location of the collision approx. 3 m in front of the final position -78-
79 Run over a person Approach: From experimental run overs: collision position approx. 3 to 4 m in front of the final position of the person Quelle Otte Dipl.arb
80 Run over a person Approach: investigation of possible influence of the light towers with known light beam include light beam of car in the simulation Road trials on accident scene with dummy (darkness) -80-
81 Run over a person Dummy Die Sicht auf den Dummy mit Abblendlicht: -81-
82 Example -82-
83 Injury of a person in an isolated braking maneuver? Event: Sternum fracture with or without seatbelted? A car driver indicates, that he was forced to an emergency braking maneuver Approach: Investigation of occurred force with seatbelt 1. approximation: balloon between person and seat belt 2. approximation: measure the load with a pressure indicating film -83-
84 Injury of a person in an isolated braking maneuver? 1. approximation: balloon between person and seat belt for illustration of the occuring forces -84-
85 Injury of a person in an isolated braking maneuver? 2. approximation: measure the pressure / forces with a pressure indicating film for driver and passenger -85-
86 2. approximation: measure the pressure / forces with a pressure indicating film Injury of a person in an isolated braking maneuver? max. pressure 0,0005 MPa to 0,0013 MPa equal to 500 Pa to 1300 Pa or 5,0 g/cm² to 13,0 g/cm². max. force between 0,3 N and 1,9 N in static view approx. 30 gram to 190 gram Only very low pressures present. -86-
87 Other Parameter useful for reconstrution Throw distance of peds, bics Injury severity parameter for safety devices (helmet, seatbelt..) Injury probability functions AIS = f(speed, delta-v, EES, rel. Speed) -87-
88 throw distances of pedestrians 40 throw distance pedestrian [m] impact speed car [kph] -88-
89 impact speed vs. injury severity of bicyclists injury severtiy grade AIS head no impact windscreen area windscreen impact A-pillar impact impact speed car [kph] -89-
90 throw distances of bicyclists throw distance bicyclist [m] central car edge impact speed car [kph] -90-
91 bicyclists 35 Fahrradfahrer y=( )*x+(.396e-3)*x*x throw distance Wurfweite [m] VAUK impact speed -91-
92 pedestrians 90 Fussgänger y=( )*x+( )*x*x WWEITFGM throw distance VAUK impact speed -92-
93 functional variable: throw distance[m] source overall linear modell (Varianz analysis) square sum of type III df mean of squares F Sig. corrected modell 2954,596 a 9 328,288 42,295,000 constant term 10, ,010 1,290,257 Walking direction 126, ,131 5,428,001 type of car, front collision 30, ,330 1,975,140 car braking,950 1,950,122,727 impact speed 2530, , ,980,000 body height cm,060 1,060,008,930 first registration 9, ,486 1,222,270 failure 2701, ,762 total 11314, corrected total variation 5655, a. R-square =,522 (corrected R-square =,510) -93-
94 Technical Parameters for Determination of Impact Speed for Motorcycle Accidents and the Importance of Relative Speed on Injury Severity SAE Paper 06B Injury correlation of Relative speed Throw distance -94-
95 Conclusion Experiences of experts are needed Data of accident research is needed Interdisciplinary cooperation of experts has benefits Adoption of an interdisciplinary apporach of biomechanics is important Education sills of experts would be useful -95-
96 Thank you very much for your attention! -96-
Investigation of bicycle accidents involving collisions with the opening door of parking vehicles and demands for a suitable driver assistance system.
Investigation of bicycle accidents involving collisions with the opening door of parking vehicles and demands for a suitable driver assistance system. M. Jänsch, D. Otte, H. Johannsen Abstract Vulnerable
More informationAccident configurations and injuries for bicyclists based on the German In-Depth Accident Study. Chiara Orsi
Accident configurations and injuries for bicyclists based on the German In-Depth Accident Study Chiara Orsi Centre of Study and Research on Road Safety University of Pavia State of the art Vulnerable road
More information40,46 16,22 16,25. no fx thoracic sp. Fx lumbar spine. no fx lumbar. spine
Spine injuries in motor vehicle accidents an analysis of 34188 injured front passengers with special consideration of injuries of the thoracolumbar in relation to injury mechanisms C. W. Müller, D. Otte,
More informationA COMPARISON STUDY ON VEHICLE TRAFFIC ACCIDENT AND INJURIES OF VULNERABLE ROAD USERS IN CHINA AND GERMANY
A COMPARISON STUDY ON VEHICLE TRAFFIC ACCIDENT AND INJURIES OF VULNERABLE ROAD USERS IN CHINA AND GERMANY Jikuang Yang Hunan University, Changsha China Dietmar Otte Hannover Medical University Germany
More informationEFFECT OF VEHICLE DESIGN ON HEAD INJURY SEVERITY AND THROW DISTANCE VARIATIONS IN BICYCLE CRASHES
EFFECT OF VEHICLE DESIGN ON HEAD INJURY SEVERITY AND THROW DISTANCE VARIATIONS IN BICYCLE CRASHES S. Mukherjee A. Chawla D. Mohan M. Singh R. Dey Transportation Res. and Injury Prevention program Indian
More informationAdvanced Forward-Looking Safety Systems Working Group. Advanced Forward-Looking Safety Systems Working Group
Advanced Forward-Looking Safety Systems Working Group INFO STAND 1: Accident Analysis Advanced Forward-Looking Safety Systems Working Group Results of Accident Analysis vfss Workshop Walter Niewöhner (DEKRA)
More informationof traffic accidents from the GIDAS database until 5 seconds before the first collision. This includes parameters to describe the environment data,
STANDARDIZED PRE-CRASH-SCENARIOS SCENARIOS IN DIGITAL FORMAT ON THE BASIS OF THE VUFO SIMULATION Dipl.-Math. A. Schubert*, Dipl.-Ing. (FH), M. Eng. C. Erbsmehl*, Dr.-Ing. L. Hannawald* *Verkehrsunfallforschung
More informationPedestrian/Car Accident
Pedestrian/Car Accident by Frank Owen, Alpha Omega Engineering, Inc. (www.aoengr.com), all rights reserved August 2012 This example is taken from the book Technische Analyse von Verkehrsunfällen anhand
More informationVolvo Trucks view on Truck Rollover Accidents
Volvo Trucks view on Truck Rollover Accidents Mario Ligovic, Volvo Truck Corporation, Göteborg, Sweden INTRODUCTION Rollover is the most common heavy truck accident type. Experiencing a rollover is like
More informationEvaluation of the protective effect of bicycle helmets (A GIDAS-analysis 2000-2007)
Evaluation of the protective effect of bicycle helmets (A GIDAS-analysis 2000-2007) J Tschernitschek, L Hannawald, R Koch and H Zwipp Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital
More informationPredicting throw distance variations in bicycle crashes
304 Int. J. Vehicle Safety, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2006 Predicting throw distance variations in bicycle crashes S. Mukherjee and A. Chawla* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,
More informationPedestrian protection - Pedestrian in collision with personal car
Pedestrian protection - Pedestrian in collision with personal car Authors: Jiří Svoboda, Ing; Zdeněk Šolc, Ing. Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Automotive
More informationAssessment of Whiplash Protection in Rear Impacts. Crash Tests and Real-life Crashes
Assessment of Whiplash Protection in Rear Impacts Crash Tests and Real-life Crashes Maria Krafft, Anders Kullgren Folksam Anders Lie, Claes Tingvall Swedish National Road Administration June 24 Summary
More informationPREDICTING THROW DISTANCE VARIATIONS IN BICYCLE CRASHES
PREDICTING THROW DISTANCE VARIATIONS IN BICYCLE CRASHES MUKHERJEE S, CHAWLA A, MOHAN D, CHANDRAWAT S, AGARWAL V TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAMME INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NEW
More informationThink Before You Drive is a global road safety initiative of the FIA Foundation, Bridgestone Corporation and motoring clubs worldwide. FIA Foundation for the Automobile and Society www.fiafoundation.com
More informationThe Relationship between Speed and Car Driver Injury Severity
Road Safety Web Publication 9 The Relationship between Speed and Car Driver Injury Severity D. Richards and R. Cuerden Transport Research Laboratory April 2009 Department for Transport: London Although
More informationA Scientific Study "ETAC" European Truck Accident Causation
A Scientific Study "ETAC" European Truck Accident Causation Executive Summary and Recommendations 1 Introduction 1.1 The project and its objectives Currently, only limited statistics are available regarding
More informationDeaths/injuries in motor vehicle crashes per million hours spent travelling, July 2008 June 2012 (All ages) Mode of travel
Cyclists CRASH STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 212 Prepared by the Ministry of Transport CRASH FACTSHEET November 213 Cyclists have a number of risk factors that do not affect car drivers. The
More informationCIREN Improved Injury Causation Coding Methods; An Initial Review
CIREN Improved Injury Causation Coding Methods; An Initial Review Mark Scarboro, NHTSA This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States; it may be used or reprinted
More informationPEDESTRIAN HEAD IMPACT ANALYSIS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET) International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 6359
More informationMotorcycle Related Crash Victims (What the Statistics Say) Mehdi Nassirpour Illinois Department of Transportation Division of Transportation Safety
Motorcycle Related Crash Victims (What the Statistics Say) Mehdi Nassirpour Illinois Department of Transportation Division of Transportation Safety Illinois Highway Safety Program Areas Occupant Protection
More informationVERY SERIOUSLY INJURED
Young Researchers Seminar 2011 Young Researchers Seminar 2011 DTU, Denmark, 8 10 June, 2011 DTU, Denmark, June 8-10, 2011 VERY SERIOUSLY INJURED In-depth investigation of road accident characteristics
More informationMEDICAL MALPRACTICE CASE RESULTS
CASE RESULTS INFORMATION Please note that every case is different and these verdicts and settlements, while accurate, do not represent what we may obtain for you in your case. Nor does it mean that we
More informationMinor Vehicle Collision and Injury Analysis. André M. Loyd, Ph.D. Biomechanical Engineer
Minor Vehicle Collision and Injury Analysis André M. Loyd, Ph.D. Biomechanical Engineer Personal Bio Education Post-Doctoral Fellowship at the Mayo Clinic - Helmets and Neck Guards in Hockey Ph.D. and
More informationthe Ministry of Transport is attributed as the source of the material
Disclaimer All reasonable endeavours are made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this report. However, the information is provided without warranties of any kind including accuracy, completeness,
More informationAccidents Involving Motorcycles and Pedestrians in Portugal
158 J. P. Dias IDMEC Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal Notation TWMV Two wheels motor vehicle OV Other vehicle Accidents Involving
More informationMotorcycle Accident Investigation
1st Forum Workshop: Motorcyclist safety: how can better road engineering help? Motorcycle Accident Investigation João M. P. Dias jdias@dem dem.ist.utl.pt IDMEC Department of Mechanical Engineering Instituto
More information1. Injured Persons Position in in Vehicle (PLEASE PRINT NEATLY USING CAPITAL LETTERS)
Common Law Law Claim Claim Form Form Please answer all all questions and and tick tick boxes boxes where where appropriate. Leaving Leaving a question a question blank blank may may delay delay the processing
More informationPEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE ACCIDENT DATA. Irene Isaksson-Hellman If Insurance Company P&C Ltd.
PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE ACCIDENT DATA Irene Isaksson-Hellman If Insurance Company P&C Ltd. Vulnerable road users 2 Number Number Official accident statistics 45 35 4 3 35 25 3 25 2 2 15 15 1 1 5 5 5 4 5
More informationCYCLIST-CAR ACCIDENTS THEIR CONSEQUENCES FOR CYCLISTS AND TYPICAL ACCIDENT SCENARIOS
CYCLIST-CAR ACCIDENTS THEIR CONSEQUENCES FOR CYCLISTS AND TYPICAL ACCIDENT SCENARIOS Matthias Kuehn Thomas Hummel Antje Lang German Insurers Accident Research Germany Paper Number 15-0243 ABSTRACT The
More informationNOVA Pain & Rehab Center Accident Forms. Patient Information
NOVA Pain & Rehab Center Accident Forms Patient Information Please provide all information requested. If you have any questions or need help, please call the office (703-535-8887) or see one of the staff
More informationAccidents with Pedestrians and Cyclists in Germany Findings and Measures
Accidents with Pedestrians and Cyclists in Germany Findings and Measures Siegfried Brockmann Unfallforschung der Versicherer (UDV) May 7th, Geneva 2 Content 2 Accident situation in Germany based on National
More informationHow To Know If A Motorcyclist Is Safe
Motorcyclists CRASH FACTSHEET November 2013 CRASH STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012 Prepared by the Ministry of Transport In 2012, 50 motorcyclists 1 died and a further 1,138 were injured
More informationBiomechanics of the Neck in Rear Impacts for improved Seat Design
Biomechanics of the Neck in Rear Impacts for improved Seat Design Dr.-Ing. Tjark Kreuzinger Regulatory & Technical Affairs Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA Studiedag BEPALING VAN MENSELIJKE SCHADE DOOR SLINGERLETSELS
More informationManchester Claims Association Chronic Whiplash
Manchester Claims Association Chronic Whiplash Thursday 03 rd July 2014 Scot Darling, Chief Medical Officer Premex Services Limited, Premex House, Futura Park, Middlebrook, Bolton BL6 6SX. T 01204 478300
More informationPrevention of Head Injuries to Car Occupants: An Investigation of Interior Padding Options
Prevention of Head Injuries to Car Occupants: An Investigation of Interior Padding Options Prepared by: AJ McLean¹ BN Fildes² CN Kloeden¹ KH Digges² RWG Anderson¹ VM Moore¹ DA Simpson¹ ¹NHMRC Road Accident
More informationOREGON TRAFFIC ACCIDENT AND INSURANCE REPORT
DMV OREGON TRAFFIC ACCIDENT AND INSURANCE REPORT Tear this sheet off your report, read and carefully follow the directions. ONLY drivers involved in an accident resulting in any of the following MUST file
More informationgeneral, accidents caused by misjudging
Unit 3: The Effect of Natural Forces on your Vehicle Page 1 of 11 Purpose: Acquaint the student with some of the natural forces acting on a vehicle while stopping, maneuvering, and during a crash. Explain
More informationINTECH ENGINEERING LTD.
INTECH ENGINEERING LTD. Forensic Analysis Accident Reconstruction Suite 201, 12899 76 th Avenue Surrey, B.C. V3W 1E6 Tel: (604)572-9900 Fax: (604)572-9901 www.intech-eng.com AMRIT S. TOOR, Ph.D., P.Eng.
More informationMedical Report Prepared for The Court on
Medical Report Prepared for The Court on Mr Sample Report Claimant's Address Claimant's Date of Birth Instructing Party Instructing Party Address Instructing Party Ref Solicitors Ref Corex Ref 1 The Lane
More informationSAFETY OF LIGHT GOODS VEHICLES FINDINGS FROM THE GERMAN JOINT PROJECT OF BAST, DEKRA, UDV AND VDA
SAFETY OF LIGHT GOODS VEHICLES FINDINGS FROM THE GERMAN JOINT PROJECT OF BAST, DEKRA, UDV AND VDA Matthias Kuehn Jenoe Bende German Insurers Accident Research Raimondo Sferco Roland Schaefer Ford Motor
More informationFactors related to serious injury in post ncap european cars involved in frontal crashes
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Factors related to serious injury in post ncap european cars involved in frontal crashes This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional
More informationHow To Study The Effects Of Road Traf C On A Person'S Health
ORIGINAL ARTICLE JUMMEC 2008:11(1) ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES AMONG PATIENTS WHO ATTENDED THE ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY UNIT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA MEDICAL CENTRE, KUALA LUMPUR Moe H Department of Social
More informationNew York Study of Booster Seat Effects on Injury Reduction Compared to Safety Belts in Children Aged 4-8 in Motor Vehicle Crashes
New York Study of Booster Seat Effects on Injury Reduction Compared to Safety Belts in Children Aged 4-8 in Motor Vehicle Crashes Kainan Sun, Ph.D., Michael Bauer, M.S. Sarah M. Sperry, M.S., Susan Hardman
More informationINTECH ENGINEERING LTD.
INTECH ENGINEERING LTD. Forensic Analysis Accident Reconstruction Suite 201, 12899 76 th Avenue Surrey, B.C. V3W 1E6 Tel: (604)572-9900 Fax: (604)572-9901 www.intech-eng.com MICHAEL ARASZEWSKI, P.Eng.
More informationMISSOURI TRAFFIC SAFETY COMPENDIUM
2010 MISSOURI TRAFFIC SAFETY COMPENDIUM MISSOURI STATE HIGHWAY PATROL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS CENTER 1510 East Elm Jefferson City, Missouri 65101 (573) 751-9000 CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION...1
More informationThe Increasing Role of SUVs in Crash Involvement in Germany
Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. V. The Increasing Role of SUVs in Crash Involvement in Germany Dr. Axel Malczyk German Insurers Accident Research ICROBI Dublin, 12.09.2012 Gesamtverband
More informationDMV. OREGON TRAFFIC ACCIDENT AND INSURANCE REPORT Tear this sheet off your report, read and carefully follow the directions.
OREGON TRAFFIC ACCIDENT AND INSURANCE REPORT Tear this sheet off your report, read and carefully follow the directions. ONLY drivers involved in an accident resulting in any of the following MUST file
More informationTable 1. Summary of Crashworthiness Rating Methods and Databases. Essential characteristics
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SEVERAL VEHICLE SAFETY RATING SYSTEMS Max Cameron Sanjeev Narayan Stuart Newstead Monash University Accident Research Centre Australia Timo Ernvall Vesa Laine University of Oulu,
More informationHow To Understand The Safety Of A Motorcycle
Disclaimer All reasonable endeavours are made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this report. However, the information is provided without warranties of any kind including accuracy, completeness,
More informationSTATISTICS OF FATAL AND INJURY ROAD ACCIDENTS IN LITHUANIA,
Vilnius 215 STATISTICS OF FATAL AND INJURY ROAD ACCIDENTS IN LITHUANIA, 211 214 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 9 GENERAL INFORMATION... 1 1. VEHICLE FLEET... 11 1.1. Number of vehicles, 1995 214...
More informationInjuries of foot and ankle in front seat car occupants
Injuries of foot and ankle in front seat car occupants R Schubert*, M Junge** and H Zwipp*** *Zeisigwaldkliniken Bethanien, Department of Orthopedics, Accident and Reconstructive Surgery, Zeisigwaldstr.,
More informationHeavy Truck Crash Investigation and Data Collection Methodology on Indian National Highways
Heavy Truck Crash Investigation and Data Collection Methodology on Indian National Highways Jeya Padmanaban*, Ravishankar Rajaraman**, Swastik Narayan**, Greg Stadter*, Bharat Ramesh** *JP Research Inc.,
More informationDANISH ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION BOARD
DANISH ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION BOARD Anne Eriksson, Traffic safety engineer, Anna Louise Feerup, Psychologist, Danish Road Directorate This paper presents The Danish Road Traffic Accident Investigation
More informationMechanism of Injury 1
Mechanism of Injury 1 Objectives At the end of this lecture the participant will be able to: Describe the importance of the mechanism of injury in history taking of the trauma patient. Identify patterns
More informationCHAPTER 1 Land Transport
Section 1 Road Transport - PART I - Summary of the Present Situation 1 Road Traffic Accident Trends 1-1 Long-term trends fell to below 6,000 for the first time in 54 years since 1953 Number of road traffic
More informationRoad Safety Authority Provisional Review of Road Crashes 2013
A review of 2013 fatal collision statistics December 31 st 2013 The following report summarises the main trends that have emerged in 2013. This has been prepared by the Road Safety Authority following
More informationMOTOR VEHICLE COLLISION/PERSONAL INJURY QUESTIONNAIRE
MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISION/PERSONAL INJURY QUESTIONNAIRE Please answer all questions completely: 1. Your name and address: 2. Phone Number: 3. Please describe the collision in your own words: 4. Where did
More informationCharacteristics of High Injury Severity Crashes on 80 110 km/h Rural Roads in South Australia
Characteristics of High Injury Crashes on 80 110 km/h Rural Roads in South Australia, J. R. R. Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 5005 email: jamie@casr.adelaide.edu.au
More informationSpeeding. Probability of death at different impact speeds
Speeding CRASH FACTSHEET 2012 CRASH STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2011 Prepared by the Ministry of Transport In this fact sheet speeding is defined as driving too fast for the conditions. The
More informationHead Position and Impact Direction in Whiplash Injuries: Associations with MRI-Verified Lesions of Ligaments and Membranes in the Upper Cervical Spine
Head Position and Impact Direction in Whiplash Injuries: Associations with MRI-Verified Lesions of Ligaments and Membranes in the Upper Cervical Spine 1 Journal of Neurotrauma Volume 22, Number 11, November
More informationLow Delta-V Crashes Resulting in Serious Injury. Questions
Low Delta-V Crashes Resulting in Serious Injury Mark Scarboro NHTSA May 16, 2007 1 Questions When occupants are seriously injured at low delta-v s, what contributes to the injury causation? What details
More informationOverview of evidence: Prognostic factors following whiplash injury
Overview of evidence: Prognostic factors following whiplash injury Confidence in conclusions (that an association exists) are presented in both text and graphical format, using the following legend: =
More informationDigges 1 INJURIES TO RESTRAINED OCCUPANTS IN FAR-SIDE CRASHES. Kennerly Digges The Automotive Safety Research Institute Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
INJURIES TO RESTRAINED OCCUPANTS IN FAR-SIDE CRASHES Kennerly Digges The Automotive Safety Research Institute Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Dainius Dalmotas Transport Canada Ottawa, Canada Paper Number
More informationNumerical analysis of real-world cyclist crashes: impact speed, collision mechanism and movement trajectories
Numerical analysis of real-world cyclist crashes: impact speed, collision mechanism and movement trajectories T.Y. Pang 1, H. Sakeran 1, A. Short 2, A.S. McIntosh 1, G. Rechnitzer 2, K.Thai 1 1 School
More informationImpact Kinematics of Cyclist and Head Injury Mechanism in Car to Bicycle Collision
Impact Kinematics of Cyclist and Head Injury Mechanism in Car to Bicycle Collision Tadasuke Katsuhara, Hiroshi Miyazaki, Yuichi Kitagawa, Tsuyoshi Yasuki Abstract The number of cyclist fatalities is the
More informationHow To Compare Head Injury Risk From A Front Crash Test To Head Injury From A Head Injury
Comparison of HIC and BrIC head injury risk in IIHS frontal crash tests to real-world head injuries 2015 ESV Conference Gothenburg, Sweden June 10, 2015 Becky Mueller Senior Research Engineer iihs.org
More informationV. Martínez Ruiz, E. Jiménez Mejías, C. Amezcua Prieto, J.D. Luna del Castillo, P. Lardelli Claret, J.J. Jiménez Moleón
V. Martínez Ruiz, E. Jiménez Mejías, C. Amezcua Prieto, J.D. Luna del Castillo, P. Lardelli Claret, J.J. Jiménez Moleón Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Granada No conflict
More informationLong-term medical consequences to children injured in car crashes and influence of crash directions
Long-term medical consequences to children injured in car crashes and influence of crash directions Katarina Bohman 1,2), Helena Stigson 2,3), Maria Krafft 3,4) 1) Autoliv Research, 2) Karolinska Institutet,
More informationDeath in the line of duty...
F-33 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation A Summary of a NIOSH fire fighter fatality investigation Death in the line of duty... May 25, 2000 Motor-Vehicle Incident Claims the Life of a Volunteer Fire Fighter
More informationAppendix VIIA: Assigning E-codes, Posted December 2009 2
APPENDIX VIIA: Assigning E-codes 1. Assign the appropriate E-code for all initial treatments of an injury. Use a late effect code for subsequent visits, readmissions, etc. when a late effect of the initial
More informationINFLUENCE OF CRASH SEVERITY ON VARIOUS WHIPLASH INJURY SYMPTOMS: A STUDY BASED ON REAL-LIFE REAR-END CRASHES WITH RECORDED CRASH PULSES
INFLUENCE OF CRASH SEVERITY ON VARIOUS WHIPLASH INJURY SYMPTOMS: A STUDY BASED ON REAL-LIFE REAR-END CRASHES WITH RECORDED CRASH PULSES Maria Krafft*, Anders Kullgren*, Sigrun Malm**, Anders Ydenius* *Folksam
More informationWATCH THIS ICON: View this short clip from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety DVD called Understanding Car Crashes It s basic physics.
Lesson 3: Energy, Momentum, and Understanding Car Crashes Many of us have lost students to violent motor vehicle crashes. In the United States, motor vehicle crashes are the number one cause of death among
More informationSAE / Government Meeting. Washington, D.C. May 2005
SAE / Government Meeting Washington, D.C. May 2005 Overview of the Enhancements and Changes in the CIREN Program History of Phase One Established 1997 (7 centers) Four Federal centers Three GM centers
More informationCervical Whiplash: Considerations in the Rehabilitation of Cervical Myofascial Injury. Canadian Family Physician
Cervical Whiplash: Considerations in the Rehabilitation of Cervical Myofascial Injury 1 Canadian Family Physician Volume 32, September 1986 Arthur Ameis, MD Dr. Ames practices physical medicine and rehabilitation,
More informationAN ANALYSIS OF SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES INVOLVED IN ROAD ACCIDENTS
AN ANALYSIS OF SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES INVOLVED IN ROAD ACCIDENTS Dimitri Margaritis, Boudewijn Hoogvelt, Ydo de Vries, Cees Klootwijk, Herman Mooi TNO Automotive The Netherlands Paper Number 05-0370 ABSTRACT
More informationRelationship between Speed and Risk of Fatal Injury: Pedestrians and Car Occupants
Road Safety Web Publication No. 6 Relationship between Speed and Risk of Fatal Injury: Pedestrians and Car Occupants D. C. Richards Transport Research Laboratory September 2 Department for Transport: London
More informationMOTOR VEHICLE COLLISION/PERSONAL INJURY QUESTIONNAIRE
MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISION/PERSONAL INJURY QUESTIONNAIRE Please answer all questions completely: 1. Your name and address: 2. Phone Number: 3. In your own words, please describe the accident: 4. Where did
More informationCar occupants intoxication and non-use of safety belts
TØI report 499/2000 Authors: Fridulv Sagberg, Terje Assum Oslo 2000, 63 pages Norwegian language Summary: In-depth road accident investigations Aggregated results from 96 fatal accidents in Mälardalen,
More information$ Completed Speed From Skids and Skid Mark Analysis Course by the University of California at Riverside (Riverside County Sheriff s Office),1996.
Scott Moore & Associates Traffic Accident Reconstruction And Cause Analysis 31566 Railroad Canyon Road, Suite #2, PMB716, Canyon Lake, CA 92587 Tel: 626-622-3627 Fax: 951-244-5452 E-Mail: Collision@smatar.com
More informationTraffic Safety Facts. Children. 2003 Data. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for children from 2 to 14 years old.
Traffic Safety Facts 2003 Data DOT HS 809 762 Children Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for children from 2 to 14 years old. In 2003, there were more than 60 million children under
More informationSuzuki Vitara SPECIFICATION SAFETY EQUIPMENT TEST RESULTS. Supermini. Year Of Publication 2015. Driver Passenger Rear FRONTAL CRASH PROTECTION
Suzuki Vitara Supermini Adult Occupant Child Occupant Pedestrian Safety Assist SPECIFICATION Tested Model Suzuki Vitara 1.6 GL+, LHD Body Type 5 door hatchback Year Of Publication 2015 Kerb Weight 1114kg
More informationThe SIPS (Side Impact Protection System) includes side and Inflatable Curtain (IC) airbags that protect both front and rear occupants.
SAFETY In brief: Volvo s commitment to safety is as old as the company itself, and the Volvo S60 has been extensively crash tested in the award winning Volvo Safety Centre in Gothenburg, Sweden and features
More informationITARDAInstitute for Traffic Accident
972 972 972 972 972 972 972 972 ITARDAInstitute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis ( 財 ) 交 通 事 故 総 合 分 析 センター ITARDA INFORMATION No. 211 9SEPTEMBER 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1 1 1km/h or less 1,42 2
More informationACCIDENTS AND NEAR-MISSES ANALYSIS BY USING VIDEO DRIVE-RECORDERS IN A FLEET TEST
ACCIDENTS AND NEAR-MISSES ANALYSIS BY USING VIDEO DRIVE-RECORDERS IN A FLEET TEST Yuji Arai Tetsuya Nishimoto apan Automobile Research Institute apan Yukihiro Ezaka Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and
More informationGerman Insurance Association No. 38. Compact accident research. Small-overlap frontal impacts involving passenger cars in Germany
German Insurance Association No. 38 Compact accident research Small-overlap frontal impacts involving passenger cars in Germany Imprint German Insurance Association Insurers Accident Research Wilhelmstraße
More informationThe Severe Whiplash Injury Guide INCLUDING The Four Dangerous Whiplash Myths!
This guide has been carefully prepared to educate those who have suffered-whiplash types of injuries of the neck and spine. The information presented is for general health education only. Individual health
More informationLEADING CAUSE OF DEATH FOR PERSONS UNDER 39 YEARS OLD RESPONSIBLE FOR MORE THAN 150,000 DEATHS EACH YEAR, NEIGHBORHOOD OF 50,000000 ON HIGHWAYS
THE KINETICS OF T MAX BORNSTEIN, NREMTP OLD DOMINION OMINION EMS A EMS ALLIANCE DIRECTOR PRINCE GEORGE FIRE (RETIRED) OF TRAUMA IRE/EMS BASIC TRAUMA F RAUMA FACTS LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH FOR PERSONS UNDER
More informationSide Impact Causes Multiplanar Cervical Spine Injuries
Side Impact Causes Multiplanar Cervical Spine Injuries 1 The Journal of Trauma, Injury, infection and Critical Care Volume 63(6), December 2007, pp 1296-1307 Maak, Travis G. MD; Ivancic, Paul C. PhD; Tominaga,
More informationAutomotive Collision Injury Form
Automotive Collision Injury Form Billing Information Patient name: Date of Injury: Time of injury: AM PM City and street where crash occurred: What is the estimated damage to your vehicle? $ Do you have
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts 2012
Accident Causation National accident databases mostly focus on crash circumstances so in-depth investigations are required to provide a more detailed analysis of causation. This Fact Sheet presents basic
More informationBULLETIN. Road Traffic Injuries. WA Childhood Injury Surveillance. No. 13 January 2008. Introduction Road Traffic Injuries
WA Childhood Injury Surveillance BULLETIN Road Traffic Injuries No. 13 January 2008 Childhood Injury Presentations: October to December 2007 There were 13,607 presentations to Princess Margaret Hospital
More informationIowa CODES Fact Sheet 1. Traumatic Brain Injuries Caused by Motor Vehicle Crash (MVC) - 2007-2009
Iowa CODES Fact Sheet 1 Traumatic Brain Injuries Caused by Motor Vehicle Crash (MVC) - 2007-2009 Of all types of injury, traumatic brain injuries () are among the most likely to cause death or permanent
More informationThorsten Adolph, Marcus Wisch, Andre Eggers, Heiko Johannsen, Richard Cuerden, Jolyon Carroll, David Hynd, Ulrich Sander
IRC-13-17 Analyses of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injuries in Frontal IRCOBI Impacts Conference 13 Thorsten Adolph, Marcus Wisch, Andre Eggers, Heiko Johannsen, Richard Cuerden, Jolyon Carroll, David Hynd,
More informationNew Mexico Traffic Crash Annual Report 2011
New Mexico Traffic Crash Annual Report 2011 New Mexico Department of Transportation Planning and Traffic Safety Division New Mexico Department of Transportation Planning and Traffic Safety Division P.O.
More informationMotor Vehicle Collisions in Eastern Ontario. Supplement to the Eastern Ontario Health Unit Injury Report
Motor Vehicle Collisions in Eastern Ontario Supplement to the Eastern Ontario Health Unit Injury Report September 8, 2009 For more information: Eastern Ontario Health Unit www.eohu.ca Bureau de santé de
More informationTHORACIC INJURY CHARACTERISTICS OF ELDERLY DRIVERS IN REAL WORLD CAR ACCIDENTS
THORACIC INJURY CHARACTERISTICS OF ELDERLY DRIVERS IN REAL WORLD CAR ACCIDENTS Seong Woo Hong Wonpil Park Seungjun Hong Samsung Traffic Safety Research Institute Korea, Republic of Paper Number 13-0337
More informationA Consumer Guide. An Explanation of New York s New York s No-Fault Insurance for Motor Vehicles
79 Wall Street Huntington, NY 11743 800.660.1466 631.425.9775 718.220.0099 631.415.5004 (fax) A Consumer Guide An Explanation of New York s New York s No-Fault Insurance for Motor Vehicles If you have
More information1. University of Pavia, Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi e Ricerche sulla Sicurezza Stradale 2. University of Hannover, Accident Research Unit
Accident configurations and injuries for bicyclists based on German In-Depth-Accident Study Chiara Orsi 1, Dietmar Otte 2, Cristina Montomoli 1, Anna Morandi 1 1. University of Pavia, Centro Interdipartimentale
More informationREAL-WORLD PERFORMANCE OF CITY SAFETY BASED ON SWEDISH INSURANCE DATA
REAL-WORLD PERFORMANCE OF CITY SAFETY BASED ON SWEDISH INSURANCE DATA Irene Isaksson-Hellman If P&C Insurance Sweden Magdalena Lindman Volvo Car Corporation Sweden Paper Number 15-0121 ABSTRACT The number
More information