University of Maryland, College of Journalism Professor 1987 to 1999 Associate Professor (tenured 1980) 1979 to 1987 Associate Dean 1989 to 1993

Transcription

1 MARK R. LEVY Department of Telecommunication, Information Studies, & Media Michigan State University East Lansing, MI Phone: ; Fax: ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Michigan State University Professor and Chairperson 1999 to present University of Maryland, College of Journalism Professor 1987 to 1999 Associate Professor (tenured 1980) 1979 to 1987 Associate Dean 1989 to 1993 State University of New York, Albany Assistant Professor, Lecturer (Sociology) 1976 to 1979 Columbia University Assistant Professor (Summer Session) 1977, 1978 Preceptor (Graduate School of Journalism) 1974 to 1976 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Newsweek Associate National Affairs Editor NBC News, New York Writer, editor, associate producer The Record, Bergen County, NJ Newspaper reporter EDUCATION Ph.D., M. Phil. (Sociology) Columbia University 1977, 1975 M.A. (Politics) Rutgers University 1965 B.A. (Political Science) Johns Hopkins University 1964

2 EDITORSHIPS AND EDITORIAL BOARDS Editor, Journal of Communication (June June 1996). Associate Editor, Human Communication Research ( ) Associate Editor, Critical Studies in Mass Communication ( ) Member, Editorial Board, International Journalism ( ). Member. Editorial Board, Communication Monographs ( ). Member, Editorial Board, Communication Research ( ). Member, Editorial Board, Public Opinion Quarterly ( ). Member, Editorial Board, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media ( ). Co-editor, Mass Communication Review Yearbook, Vols. 5, 6 (1985, 1987) Member, Board of Editorial Advisors, Washington Journalism Review ( ). Associate Editor, Communication Quarterly ( ). Member, Editorial Board, Journalism Monographs ( ). Guest Editor, American Behavioral Scientist 30 (May-June, 1987). BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS AUTHORED Global Newsrooms, Local Audiences: A Study of the Eurovision News Exchange. (with A. Cohen, et al.) London: John Libbey Publishers, Home Video and the Changing Nature of the Television Audience. (with B. Gunter) London and Paris: John Libbey, The Main Source: Learning from Television News. (with J. Robinson) Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1986 The Audience Experience with Television News. Journalism Monographs No. 55. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, April 1978.

3 BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS EDITED Communication in the Age of Virtual Reality. (with Frank Biocca) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Publishers, A CHOICE Outstanding Academic Book for Defining Media Studies: Reflections on the Future of the Field. (with M. Gurevitch) New York: Oxford University Press, The VCR Age: Home Video Recorders and Mass Communication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Mass Communication Review Yearbook, Volume 6. (with M. Gurevitch) Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Mass Communication Review Yearbook, Volume 5. (with M. Gurevitch) Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Covering the '76 Elections: A Dialogue between Journalists and Social Scientists. Columbia Journalism Monograph No. 2. New York: Center for Advanced Study of Communication and Public Affairs, Graduate School of Journalism, Columbia University, CHAPTERS IN BOOKS Asian On-Line Newspapers and the Challenge to Professional, Personal and Political Boundaries (with B. Massey). In J. M. Chan and B. McIntyre (eds.), In Search of Boundaries: Communication, Nation-States and Cultural Identities. Westport, CT: Ablex Publishing, "The Future of Journalism in a Distributed Communication Architecture (with J. Newhagen). In D. Borden and K. Harvey (eds.), The Electronic Grapevine: Rumor, Reputation and Reporting in the New Online Environment. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers, "The Vision of Virtual Reality" (with F. Biocca and Taejong Kim). In F. Biocca and M. Levy (eds.), Communication in the Age of Virtual Reality. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Publishers, "Virtual Reality as a Communication System" (with F. Biocca). In F. Biocca and M. Levy (eds.), Communication in the Age of Virtual Reality. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Publishers, 1995.

4 CHAPTERS IN BOOKS continued "Communication Applications of Virtual Reality" (with F. Biocca). In F. Biocca and M. Levy (eds.), Communication in the Age of Virtual Reality. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Publishers, "Learning from Television News." In P. Cook, L. Lichty and D. Gomery (eds.) The Future of the News. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, "The Global Newsroom." (with M. Gurevitch and I. Roeh.) In C. Sparks and P. Dahlgren (eds.), Communication and Citizenship: Journalism and the Public Sphere in the New Media Age. London and New York: Routledge, "Why VCRs aren't Pop-up Toasters: Issues in Home Video Research." In M. Levy (ed.), The VCR Age: Home Video Recorders and the Mass Communication Process. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, "The Concept of Audience Activity." (with S. Windahl). In K.E. Rosengren, et al. (eds.), Media Gratifications Research: Current Perspectives. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, REFEREED ARTICLES "'Interactive online journalism at English-language web newspapers in Asia: A dependency theory analysis." (with Brian Massey). Gazette 61 (December, 1999): "Interactivity, online journalism, and English-language web newspapers in Asia." (with Brian Massey). Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 76 (Spring, 1999): "Competition among broadcast-related web sites. (with V. Kiernan) Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 43 (Spring, 1999): Television in the Changing Communication Environment: Audience and Content Trends in U.S. Television." (with B. Greenberg) Special Issue of Studies in Broadcasting, 33 (1997): "News media use and the informed public: A 1990s update." (with J. Robinson) Journal of Communication, 46 (Spring, 1996): "Nightly@nbc.com: audience mail and the perception of interactivity." (with J. Newhagen and J. Cordes) Journal of Communication, 45 (Summer, 1995):

5 REFEREED ARTICLES continued "The global newsroom." (with M. Gurevitch) British Journalism Review 2 (Autumn,1990): "TV news research is more than cognitive psychology." American Behavioral Scientist, 33 (November-December, 1989): "Children's uses and gratifications of home video: revolution or evolution." (with A. Cohen and K. Golden) Communication Research, 15 (December, 1988): "VCR use and the concept of audience activity." An invited, refereed article in Communication Quarterly, 35 (Summer, 1987): "Social Contexts of Video Use." (with B. Gunter) American Behavioral Scientist 30 (May-June, 1987): "Some problems of VCR Research." American Behavioral Scientist 30 (May-June, 1987): "Interpersonal communication and news comprehension." (with J. Robinson) Public Opinion Quarterly 50 (Summer, 1986): Reprinted in M. Gurevitch and M. Levy (eds.) Mass Communication Review Yearbook 6. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, "Home video recorders and the transience of television broadcasts." (with E. Fink) Journal of Communication 34 (Spring, 1984): Abstracted in "Video: A Media Revolution?" Communication Research Trends 6 (1985): Centre for the Study of Communication and Culture, London; reprinted in M. Gurevitch and M. Levy (eds.) Mass Communication Review Yearbook 5. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, "Polling and the presidential election." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 472 (March, 1984): "Audience activity and gratifications: a conceptual clarification and exploration." (with S. Windahl) Communication Research 11 (January, 1984): "The time-shifting use of home video cassette recorders." Journal of Broadcasting 27 (Summer, 1983): "The methodology and performance of election day polls." Public Opinion Quarterly 47 (Spring, 1983): "Conceptualizing and measuring some aspects of audience activity." Journalism Quarterly 60 (Spring, 1983):

6 REFEREED ARTICLES continued "All the news that's fit to correct: corrections in the Times and the Post." (with S. Barkin) Journalism Quarterly 60 (Summer, 1983): "The Lazarsfeld-Stanton program analyzer: a historical note." Journal of Communication 32 (Autumn, 1982): "Home video recorders and time shifting." Journalism Quarterly 56 (Autumn, 1981): "Disdaining the news." Journal of Communication 31 (Summer, 1981): "Home video recorders: a user survey." Journal of Communication 30 (Autumn, 1980): "Program playback preferences in VCR households." Journal of Broadcasting 24 (Summer, 1980): "Watching TV news as parasocial interaction." Journal of Broadcasting 23 (Winter, 1979): "Opinion leadership and TV news uses." Public Opinion Quarterly 42 (Fall, 1978): "The audience for television news interview programs." Journal of Broadcasting 22 (Summer, 1978): "Television news uses: a cross-national comparison." Journalism Quarterly 55 (Summer, 1978): "Experiencing television news." Journal of Communication 27 (Autumn, 1977): TECHNICAL REPORTS News Stories and Marketing Aids: How to Use Census Data. (with L. Patrick) Washington, D.C.: National Association of Broadcasters, Home Video Recorders. Washington, D.C.: National Association of Broadcasters, Home Video Recorders: Some Additional Findings. Washington, D.C.: National Association of Broadcasters, 1980.

7 BOOK REVIEWS S. Chaffee (ed.), Political Communication. Public Opinion Quarterly 40 (Fall, 1976): Y. Nir, Television: Contraintes et Perspectives. Journal of Communication 28 (Spring, 1978): B. Ruben (ed.), Communication Yearbook I. Public Opinion Quarterly 42 (Summer, 1978): I. de Sola Pool (ed.), The Social Impact of the Telephone. Journal of Communication 28 (Summer, 1978): V. Mosco, Broadcasting in the United States. Contemporary Sociology 9 (November, 1980): 812. G. Comstock et al., Television and Human Behavior. American Journal of Sociology 87 (January, 1982): D. Paletz and R. Entman, Media Power Politics. Public Opinion Quarterly 46 (Summer, 1982): J. Ettema and D. Whitney (eds.), Individuals in Mass Media Organizations. Journal of Communication 33 (Spring, 1983): G. and K. Lang, The Battle for Public Opinion. Columbia Journalism Review, September-October, 1983, pp M. Lashner, The Chilling Effect in TV News: Intimidation by the Nixon White House. Public Opinion Quarterly 49 (Fall, 1985): K. Jensen, Making Sense of the News. Journal of Communication, 37 (Summer, 1987): D. Boyd, J. Straubhaar, and J. Lent, Videocassette Recorders in the Third World. Journalism Quarterly, 66 (Autumn, 1989): J. Dobrow (ed.), Social and Cultural Aspects of VCR Use. Journal of Communication, 41 (Spring, 1992): OTHER ARTICLES AND NOTES "Preface." In M. Levy and M. Gurevitch (eds.), Defining Media Studies: Reflections on the Future of the Field. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

8 OTHER ARTICLES AND NOTES continued "Introduction: Media Institutions, Technology, and Policy." In M. Gurevitch and M. Levy (eds.), Mass Communication Review Yearbook 6. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, "Identifying the Significant Changes in Mass Communication Research." In M. Gurevitch and M. Levy (eds.), Mass Communication Review Yearbook 5. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, "Introduction." (with M. Gurevitch) In M. Gurevitch and M. Levy (eds.), Mass Communication Review Yearbook 5. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, TRADE BOOKS, ARTICLES IN POPULAR OR TRADE JOURNALS/NEWSPAPERS The Ethnic Factor. (with M. Kramer) New York: Simon and Schuster, Revised edition, "The University Lobbyists." The Reporter, June 30, "Upward Bound: A Summer Romance." The Reporter, October 13, "The Great Turning Point." The Reporter, October 20, "Putting the Poor Out of Business." The Nation, July 12, "Try, try again." The New Republic, April 19, "A Flatbush Avenue Scrapper." The Village Voice, May 28, "The Ethnic Strategy." The New York Time Op-Ed Page, July 10, "What Do Readers Digest." (with J. Robinson) Washington Journalism Review, October "The Best in the Business." Washington Journalism Review, February "Getting a 'Second Opinion' on News Research." RTNDA Communicator, June "WJR Readers Name the Best in the Business." Washington Journalism Review, February 1986.

9 TRADE BOOKS, ARTICLES IN POPULAR OR TRADE JOURNALS/NEWSPAPERS continued "Transmission Control: Barrie Gunter and Mark Levy present the IBA's findings on home video use." (with B. Gunter) The Times (London) Educational Supplement, April 25, "The 'Huh?' Factor: Untangling TV News." (with J. Robinson) Columbia Journalism Review, July-August, Reprinted in ETC.: A Review of General Semantics 44 (Spring, 1987). "America's Best Journalists." Washington Journalism Review, March Universal meanings from the global newsroom?" (with M. Gurevitch) Television: The Journal of the Royal Television Society (London), November "Eurovision news exchange: Dinosaur or Prototype for the Global Newsroom?" (with A. Cohen). diffusion: quarterly journal of the European Broadcasting Union (Geneva), Autumn, Local governments and universities cooperate to expand broadband telecom services: the broadband regional affiliation for managed planning (B-RAMP) and the Michigan State University site for information and telecommunication experimentation (M-SITE). (with R. Choura, R. Siegel, Jr. and T.Muth). Government Information Quarterly, Volume 20, No. 2, INVITED LECTURES AND CONFERENCES Discussant, "Communication Research: What, Why and How?" S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, Syracuse University, December 6-8, "Two models of news comprehension." Presented to the faculty colloquium of the Communications Institute, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, January 21, "The social uses of new technology: the case of video." Presented to the Lunchtime Seminars of the American Cultural Center, Jerusalem, January 22, Visiting scholar-lecturer, Department of Communication Arts and School of Journalism, University of Iowa, April 8-10, "News technology and news comprehension." Presented to the Seminar for European broadcasters. The Center for Foreign Journalists, Reston, VA, August 12, 1986.

10 INVITED LECTURES AND CONFERENCES continued "Learning from the news: television vs. newspapers." Presented to the "Journalism Week" conference, "The Impact of Telecommunications on Journalism," held at the School of Journalism, University of Missouri, October 28, "Television news and democratic politics." Presented to a seminar, "Media and Politics: Mutual Manipulation." American Film Institute, Washington, D.C., July 20, "How TV news can do a better job." Presented to the Seminar for European broadcasters. The Center for Foreign Journalists, Reston, VA, August 17, "Audience research and an informed electorate." Presented at the fifteenth annual Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Airlie House, VA, September 28, Panelist, "Covering Israel on World Television." The Smart Family Foundation Communications Institute, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, June 16, Participant, "The future in home video for cultural niche programming." Aspen Institute Conference, Wye Woods, MD, November 9-11, "Children and Home Video." Presented to the Children's Television Workshop session, "The State of the Child in the 1990's: Children's Leisure Time." New York, May 2, "Some observations on the U.S. media system." Presented to a USIA seminar for visiting radio journalists. National Press Club, Washington, DC, August 28, "The Global Newsroom: Convergences and Diversities in Television News." (with M. Gurevitch) Presented to a departmental seminar, Department of Communications, Goldsmiths' College, University of London, January 18, Participant, Sixth Annual Leadership Institute for Journalism and Mass Communication, Gannett Center for Media Studies, Columbia University, June 17-22, Panelist, Smithsonian Institution Seminar, "Television News: Present and Future." Washington, D.C., March 13, "The Globalization of Television News." Presented to the Doctoral Seminar, Department of Audiovisual Communication and Advertising, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain, May 13-16, 1991.

11 INVITED LECTURES AND CONFERENCES continued "The Broadcast Audience in the United States." Presented to "The Television Audience in the 21st Century," a symposium sponsored by the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK), Tokyo, March 11, "VCR Research: What We Know and Need to Know." Presented to a faculty seminar at Sophia University, Tokyo, sponsored by the Japan Society for Journalism and Mass Communication Research, March 12, Senior Scholar, "Advancing the Field of Media Studies: A Research & Technology Studies Seminar," The Freedom Forum Media Studies Center, Columbia University, February 22-26, "American Journalism Education: The View from the Associate Dean's Chair." Presented to "Ethics and Professional Training in Journalism," Scuola Di Gionalismo Radio Televisivo, University of Perugia, Italy, June 10-11, "Journalism in the Age of Virtual Reality: A Popular Culture Perspective." Presented the Annual Conference of the Smart Institute of Communication, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, June 16, The Latest Word on the Global Newsroom." Presented to the Senior Fellows Symposium Series, College of Communication, University of Texas, Austin, October 17, "Journalism and Communication in the Age of Cyberspace." A Distinguished Lecture presented to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the founding of Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, March 6, Asian Online Newspapers and the Challenge to Professional, Personal and Political Boundaries. Presented to a conference, In Search of Boundaries: Communication, Nation-States and Cultural Identities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, June 24-26, 1999 Survey and Diary Analyses of Internet and Traditional Media Use. (with B. Greenberg, M. Eastin, P. Skalski, and L. Cooper) Presented at a conference, Mass Media and Communications in the e-society of the 21 st centur, Moscow State University, Russia, October 18, Commentator, Internet as New Media: Mainstream or Alternative? China and the Internet: Technology, Economy and Society in Transition, Annenberg School for Communication, USC, May 31, 2003.

12 REFEREED PAPERS PRESENTED "The 'active' audience considered: the case of TV news." Presented to the annual meeting of the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR), Roanoke, VA, June "Watching TV news as parasocial interaction." Presented to the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association (ASA), San Francisco, September "A multidimensional message strategy for energy conservation." Presented to the annual meeting of the International Communication Association (ICA), Philadelphia, June Home video recorders and TV program preferences." Presented to the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC), Boston, August All the news that's fit to correct: news corrections in The New York Times and Washington Post." (with S. Barkin) Presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Athens, OH, July "Learned helplessness and in-depth TV news." (with A. Rickard) Presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Athens, OH, July "Audience activity and gratifications: a theoretical clarification and exploration." (with S. Windahl) Presented to an invited panel at the annual meeting of ICA, Dallas, May "The transience of mass media messages: a model of VCR use." (with E. Fink) Presented to the annual meeting of ICA, Dallas, May "Audience activity: a conceptual survey and research agenda. (with S. Windahl) Presented to an invited paper session, "The Evolution of the Uses and Gratifications Paradigm: A Ten Year Assessment," ICA annual meeting, San Francisco, May "Comprehending a week's news." (with J. Robinson) Presented at the annual meeting of AAPOR, Delavan, WI, May "Interpersonal communication and news comprehension." (with J. Robinson) Presented to the annual meeting of AAPOR, McAffee, NJ, May "Television news as the public's main information source: a reassessment." (with J. Robinson) Presented to the annual meeting of AAPOR, St. Petersburg, FLA, May "What viewers learn from the evening news." (with J. Robinson) Presented to the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association/Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, Washington, DC, August 1986.

13 REFEREED PAPERS PRESENTED continued "The place of VCRs in the uses and gratifications paradigm: children's use of mass media in Israel." (with A. Cohen and K. Golden) ICA annual meeting, Montreal, May "Why VCRs aren't pop-up toasters: Theoretical issues in video research." Presented to the annual meeting of the Broadcast Education Association, Las Vegas, April "Characteristics of foreign and domestic television news: selected findings." (with S. Barkin) Presented to the annual meeting of ICA, San Francisco, May "Television and the Informed Public: A View from the 90's." (with J. Robinson) Presented to the 50th annual meeting of AAPOR, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May "The Eurovision News Exchange: Dinosaur or Prototype of the Global Newsroom." Presented to the annual meeting of ICA, Albuquerque, May "Interactive Online Journalism at English-Language Web Newspapers in Asia: A Dependency-Theory Analysis," by Brian L. Massey and Mark R. Levy. Presented to AEJMC International Communication Division. August 1999, New Orleans. Comparing Survey and Diary Methods for Measuring Internet and Traditional Media Use (with B. Greenberg, et al.). Presented to the annual meeting of ICA, San Diego, May, CONTRACTS AND GRANTS Dissertation Research Grant, National Association of Broadcasters, "Why Do Research? a manual for broadcasters, prepared for the National Association of Broadcasters, Washington, DC, "The Uses of VCRs in Israel: A Joint Project of the University of Maryland and Hebrew University." Funded by the Maryland Center for Research in Public Communication; the Graduate School, University of Maryland; and Cinema Empire, Ltd., Jerusalem, "The Global Newsroom: A Study of the European Broadcasting Union, Journalists, and Audiences." Funded by the Graduate School of the University of Maryland and the Communications Institute of Hebrew University, Jerusalem, , "Television News as a Cultural System." Funded by the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation, Jerusalem,

14 CONTRACTS AND GRANTS continued "The Television Audience in the 21st Century." An international symposium funded by the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) in cooperation with the College of Journalism, University of Maryland, March 10-11, 1992, Tokyo. The Global Newsroom and Local News Hubs. The University Research Committee, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Closing the Gap: A+ Computer Training for Disadvantaged Adults, SBC/Ameritech, MSU-Site for Information and Telecommunications Experimentation, Northeast Michigan Council of Governments/Michigan Economic Development Corporation, SERVICE: PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Judge, Casey Medals for Meritorious Journalism, Casey Journalism Center for Children and Families, Proposal Reviewer, The Israel Science Foundation, Proposal Evaluator, Social Science-Humanities Research Council of Canada, 1984, Member, Publications Committee, ICA, Member, Publications Committee, Broadcast Education Association, Member, ICA Nominating Committee, Judge, Harwood Dissertation Prize, Broadcast Education Association, Judge, Hur Dissertation Competition, Mass Communication Division, ICA, Judge, UPI National Broadcast Awards, August, Interdivisional Program Coordinator, ICA annual meeting, National convention paper referee, AEJMC Radio-TV Journalism Division, 1984, National convention paper referee, AEJMC Theory and Methodology Division, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989.

15 SERVICE: PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS continued National convention paper referee, ICA, Mass Communication Division, , Proposal evaluator, National Science Foundation, Accreditation Site Visit, University of Alabama School of Communication, Judge, Associated Press Broadcasters Awards, Washington Area, SERVICE: CONSULTING AAMCO, Inc. Expert witness in AAMCO, Inc. v. Michael A. Marino, et al. (Eastern District Court of Pennsylvania. Civil Action No , Capital Cities Communications, Inc Expert testimony in Elfant v. Capital Cities Communications, Inc. (Eastern District Court of Pennsylvania. Civil Action No ) Spring-Summer, 1989 Congress of the United States, Office of Technology Assessment, Survey Working Group, Copyright and Home Copying Spring-Fall, 1988 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Readership survey, The NIH Record Spring, 1988 ABC News, New York. Experiment in public comprehension of news for Benford v. ABC, et al. Spring, 1986 Independent Broadcasting Authority, London "The impact of VCRs on commercial TV viewing." NBC News, Audience Research Department, New York Advisor, "The news mission study." 1985 AT&T, Planning and Public Relations Departments Time use and new communications technologies; 1984 Evaluation of Bell System employee publications. 1982

16 SERVICE: CONSULTING continued National Endowment for the Arts, Washington, D.C. Survey Research handbook for arts managers National Association of Broadcasters Home video recorder research. 1980, 1982 Motion Picture Association of America Survey, syndicated exclusivity protection Expert Witness for plaintiff, Fitzpatrick v. The Hearst Corporation (U.S. District Court for Maryland, Civil Action No. HM ) 1981 Cambridge Survey Research, Washington, D.C. Senior consultant, Carter-Mondale campaign 1980 ADJUNCT AND VISITING APPOINTMENTS Visiting Professor, Georgetown University, Program in Communication, Culture, Technology, Spring, Visiting Professor, Nanyang Technological University, School of Communication Studies, Singapore, ; External Examiner, B.A. (Honours) program, AWARDS, HONORS, PRIZES University of Maryland President's Commission on Ethnic Minority Issues, Academic Unit-Minority Achievement Award, ###