INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY

Transcription

1 INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY UB/TIB Hannover rvr ^ CITRICULTURE Volume 3 May 1-8,1977 Sheraton Twin Towers Hotel Orlando, Florida

2 1977 PROCEEDINGS of the INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF CITRICULTURE VOLUME 3 PRINTED OCTOBER 1, 1979 Table of Contents CONTENTS PROCESSING I The Biomedical Basis of Fruit Composition and Quality, V. P. Maier and Linda C. Brewster 709 Citrus Enzyme Systems: Opportunities for Control of Fruit Quality, Joseph H. Bruemmer, Bela S. Buslig, and Bongwoo Roe 712 Bioregulators and Citrus Fruit Color, Henry Yokoyama, Wan- Jean Hsu, Stephen M. Poling, Ernest Hayman and Charles DeBenedict Biosynthesis and Bioregulation of Ethylcne in Fruit Bearing, Morris Lieberman Chromosomal Proteins: Their Role in the Regulation of Gene Expression, Gary S. Stein and Janet L. Stein Influence of Cultural Practices, Scion and Rootstock Selection on Citrus Peel Oil Production, J. W. Kesterson and R. J. Braddock 734 Efficient Processing of Orange Juice Extractor Residues Into By-Products, R. J. Braddock, J. W. Kesterson and W. M. Miller 737 Pectin A Review of Selected Advances Made in the Last 25 Years, D. B. Nelson 739 Flavonoids: Uses and Byproducts, R. M. Horowitz and Bruno Gentili 743 New Use of Pectic Enzymes in Citrus Processing, John Burr and W. J. Flynn 746 Orange Juice Processing: Storage and Packing in Florida, C. Reed Sutherland 748 Processes to Control Juice Cloud, Robert A. Baker 751 Recovery and Concentration of Citrus Aroma, Chaim H. Mannheim and Nehama Passy Handling and Grading of Oranges in Processing Plants, William L. Bryan Wastewater Treatment and Recycling in the Citrus Industry, Ted Hong Energy Management and Conservation in the Citrus Industry, Ralph W. Cook 774 Controlling Quality of Citrus Products, Morris W. Ratcliff 776 Quality Factors in Single-Strength and Concentrated Orange Juice, Robert E. Berry 777 Grapefruit Products, Bruce J. Lime # 781 Quality and Detection of Frauds in Commercial Citrus Juices in Different Countries of Europe, Jose Royo-Iranzo 783 Relationship Between the Brix of Citrus Juices and their Soluble Chemical Components, J. Royo Iranzo and Ma. J. Peres Toran Recent Problems of Citrus Processing and Byproducts in Japan, S. Itoo Automated Enzymatic Analysis of D-Isocitric Juices, Bela S. Buslig and S. V. Ting Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture, 1977, Vol. 3.

3 Abscission Chemical and Ethylene Gas Effects on Essential Oil Composition and Flavor of Orange Juice, Manuel G. Moshonas, Philip E. Shaw and Donald A. Sims 802 Orange Juice Flavor: Contribution of Certain Volatile Components as Evaluated by Sensory Panels, Philip E. Shaw, Esam M. Ahmed and Raymond A. Dennison 804 Recovery of Citrus Pigments from Processing Waste An Overview, Charles W. Wilson, III and Philip E. Shaw 808 Pectin Quality and Quantity Differences Between Whole Peel and Shaved Albedo from 'Duncan' Grapefruit and 'Pineapple,' and 'Valencia' Oranges 810 Review of Quantitative Analyses for Limonin, Naringin, Naringenin Rutinoside, Hesperidin, and Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone in Citrus Juice by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, James F. Fisher 813 Factors Influencing the Flavor of Grapefruit Juice, J. A. Attaway 816 Aseptic Processing and Packaging of High Acid Liquid Foods, B. von Bockelmann 820 DISEASES Citrus Nematode (Tylrnrhiitus semipenelrans) Problems Worldwide, S. D. Van Gundy and J. W. Meagher 823 Ncmatodcs Other Than Tylcnchulus semipeiietraiis Cobb Pathogenic to Citrus, R. X. Inscna and N. Vovlas 826 The Role of Nematodes as Vectors of Citrus Viruses, D. E. Stokes 831 Some Aspects of Host Reaction by Resistant Citrus Rootstock (Poncirus trifoliaui) to Tylenchulus semipeiietrans Infection, C. Scotto La Massese..' 833 The Impact of New Nematicides and Irrigation Practices on Methods of Citrus Xematode Control, D. L. Milne 835 Chemical Control of Nemalodes, Charles M. Heald and J. D. Radewald 838 Biological Control of Nematode Parasites of Citrus by Natural Enemies, G. R. Stirling and R. Mankau 843 Nonpesticidal Approaches to Nematode Control, A. C. Tarjan and J. H. O'Bannon 848 Methyl Bromide for Control of Soil-Borne Fungal Pathogens, Donald E. Munnecke 853 Prospects of Biological Control of Citrus Root Disease Fungi, Peter H. Tsao 857 Evaluation of Citrus spp., Relatives, and Hybrids for Resistance to Phytophthora parasitica Dastur, Gordon R. Grimm and D. J. Hutchison 863 Dwarfing of Citrus Trees by Inoculation with a Pathogen, K. Long, L. Fraser, P. Broadbent, J. Duncan 866 Tristeza Control in Brazil by Preimmunization with Mild Strains 868 Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Citrus and Their Possible Interactions with Pathogens, John A. Menge, Stanley Nemec, R. M. Davis and Vahc Minassian 872 The Milkweed Vine Patliotype of Phytophthora citrophthora as a Biological Control Agent of Morrcniu odorata, W. H. Ridings, C. L. Schoulties, N. E. El-Gholl and D. J. Mitchell 877 A Review of the Nature and Historv of Citrus Blight in Florida, Paul F. Smith and Herman J. Reitz 881 Diagnosis of Trees with Citrus Blight (YTD), Mortimer Cohen and Heinz K. Wutschcr 884 A Review of Efforts to Determine the Etiology of Young Tree Decline of Citrus Trees in Florida, R. W. Hanks and A. W. Feldman Attempts to Control Young Tree Decline, H. C. Burnett, S. Nemec and D. Gousalves The Australian Citrus Dieback Problem, P. Broadbent, L. Fraser, A. Beattie, N. Grylls and J. Duncan TIB/UB Hannover i IHW mu mi 11 IUJ tuii IIH mu un nut im UHaa n OB

4 Decline of Citrus on Rough Lemon Rootstocks in Arizona, Joseph L. Troutman, Herbert McDonald, and J. C. Matejka 896 Citrus Disease "X" in Peru, R. Franciosi, E. Cardich, J. Puiggros and K. Bedersky 897 Autumn Leaf Drop of Sweet Orange in Egypt and Libya, Nour- Eldin, F. and A. E.-S. A. Fudl-Allah 898 Brittle-Twig Yellows, A New Disorder of Sweet Orange in Southern Iran, M. Samadi, L. C. Cochran and A. L. Martinez 900 Natural Spread of Spiroplasma citri by Insect Vectors and its Implications for Control of Stubborn Disease of Citrus, E. C. Calavan, G. H. Kaloostian, G. N. Oldfield, E. M. Nauer and D. J. Gumpf 900 Greening Disease in Africa, J. N. Moll and S. P. Van Vuuren. 903 Citrus Stubborn Disease in Egypt, Libya, and Lebanon, A. E.-S. A. Fudl-Allah and F. Nour-Eldin 913 Dieback of Citrus in India, S. P. Raychaudhuri, T. K. Nariani, Y. S. Ahlawat 914 Citrus Canker in Latin America: A Review, Victoria Rossetti 918 Relation of Temperature to the Development of Citrus Canker Lesions in the Spring, Meisaku Koizumi 924 Control of Mai Secco Disease of Lemon Trees Zvi Solel 928 Comparison of Psorosis and Other Viruses Causing Leaf Flecking in Citrus, L. W. Timmer and H. N. Benatena 930 Some Recent Observations on Stem Pitting of Citrus in Florida, A. W. Feldman and R. W. Hanks 936 Some Recently Discovered and Recognized Virus Diseases and Their Potential Threat to Citrus Production, T. Miyakawa 941 Present Status of Impietratura Disease, A. Catara, Maria Bassi, G. Perrotta, G. Magnano di San Lio, and Carmela La Ferlita 946 The Stem-Pitting Effects of Tristeza on Different Citrus Hosts and Their Economic Significance, Ary A. Salibe 953 Declines on Trifoliata Orange and Other Tristeza-Tolerant Rootstocks, R. E. Schwarz 955 Evaluation of the Main Variables that Affect Citrus Tristeza Virus Transmission by Aphids, M. Bar-Joseph, B. Raccah and G. Loebenstein 958 'Marsh Seedless' Grapefruit, 'Galego' Lime and 'Pera' Swe.et Orange Selections in Relation to Selection for Tristeza Virus Tolerance, Luiz Carlos Donadio 962 The Regulatory Role in Protecting Florida Citrus, C. P. Seymour 963 Elimination of Citrus Pathogens in Propagative Budwood. I. Budwood Selection, Indexing and Thermotherapy, C. N. Roistacher 965 Elimination of Citrus Pathogens in Propagative Budwood. II. In Vitro Propagation, L. Navarro and J. Juarez 973 Behavior and Control of Greasy Spot in Florida Citrus Groves, J. O. Whiteside 981 Phytophthora Diseases of Citrus: A Review, Patricia Broadbent 986 The Black Spot Disease of Citrus and its Control in South Africa, C. R. Kellerman and J. M. Kotzc 992 Citrus Melanose and its Related Disease in Japan, H. Yamato 997 Epidemiology of the Tristeza Virus in Citrus Plantations of Surinam, F. E. Klas 999 Control of Citrus Mai Secco in Italy Today, M. Salerno and G. Cutuli 1001 Observations on the Susceptibility of Nucellar Lines of Lemon to Mai Secco Disease in Sicily, G. Perrotta and E. Tribulato 1004 A New Fungal Disease of Satsuma Mandarin, Shoichi Tanaka 1006 PAPERS FROM SECTIONS IN VOLUME 1 AND 2 El Diagnostico del Estado Nutritivo de las Plantas (Diagnosing the Nutritional Status of Plants.), O. Carpena-Artes 1008 II

5 Estudio Comparative de Distintas Fuentes y Niveles de Materia Organica Usadas Como Abono de Fondo en Naranja 'Valencia' (Comparative Study of Types and Concentrations of Organic Materials for Fertilizing 'Valencia' Orange Trees.), Gilberto Gras 1010 Distribucion de Cloruro y Sodio en Patrones Citricos Regados con Aquas de Caracter Salino (Chloride and Sodium Distribution in Citrus Rootstocks Irrigated with Saline Waters), R. G. Fernandez, M. Caro, A. Cerda and M. G. Guillen 1014 La Utilizacion de Plasticos como Protectores de Plantones (The Use of Plastic Mulch to Protect Young Trees), D. G. de Barreda, J. Sala, V. Torres and A. del Busto 1017 Efecto del Nitrogeno, Fosforo y Potasio Sobre el Rendimiento, Calidad del Fruto y Contenido Foliar de la Lima 'Persa' (Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Yield, Fruit Quality and Foliar Content of 'Persian' Lime) 1020 Conservacion de Limon 'Primofiori' en Atmosfera Controlada. (Controlled Atmosphere Storage of 'Primofiori' Lemon), F. Artes Calero y O. Carpena 1137 Fruit Retailing in Japan, H. Kitagawa 1142 Effect of Phosphorus Supply on Growth and on the Level of Certain Nitrogenous Constituents in Citrus Plants, Miriam Achituv 1024 Nitrogeno Nitrico y Actividad Reductora de Nitrato en Hojas de Limonero 'Verna' (Nitrate Nitrogen and Nitrate Reductase Activity in 'Verna' Lemon Tree Leaves), C. Alcaraz y E. Banet 1026 Consideraciones Sobre la Composicion Cationica y la Distribucion de las Formas Quimicas del Calcio en Limonero (Cation Composition and Distribution of Calcium in Lemon Trees) 1029 El Cultivo de Arboles de Limon en Margas Crises del Mioceno en la Region de Murcia, Espana (The Cultivation of Lemon Trees on Grey Miocenic Marl in the Region of Murcia, Spain), J. A. Sanchez, F. Artes y A. S. Pallares 1033 Water Requirement of Grapefruit Trees in Texas, Robert F. Leyden 1037 Drip Irrigation Trials in a Citrus Orchard, G. Raciti and A. Scuderi 1040 The Effects of Cooling by Overhead Sprinkling on "June Drop" of Navel Oranges in California, R. F. Brewer, K. Opitz, F. Aljibury and K. Hench 1045 Studies of High Temperature Effects on Fruit Drop from Washington Navel Orange: I. Interaction of Temperature and Leaf Water Potential, R. L. Palmer, /. Hanscom, III, and W. M. Dugger 1048 Thermal Conductivity in Citrus and other Leaves, F. M. Turrell and Kenneth K. Iwata 1053 Evoluciones, Durante las Etapas de la Floracion Primaveral, de Fracciones Organicas de Fosforo en Flores de Citrus limonum Cultivados en Suelos Salinos (Development of Organic Phosphorus Fractions in Flowers During the Flowering Stages of Citrus limonum Cultivated on Saline Soils), Ma. Parra y A. Ortuno 1056 The Practical Use of Color Infrared Photography in Citrus Groves in Israel, R. Hochberg and N. Ravid 1060 Acciones de los Herbicidas Clorotriazinicos Sobre Microorganisnios Solubilizadores de Fosforo en Suelos Citricolas del Sureste de Espana j^ftect of Chlorotriazinc Herbicides on Phosphorus-Solubilizing Microilora in the Citrus Soils of S.E. Spain), A. Ortuno, A. Hernansaez y J. Albaladejo 1061 Algunas Malas Hierbas de las Plantaciones de Citricos de Cuba (Some Weeds Affecting Citrus Groves in Cuba), R. Casamayor y R. Garcia 1065 Influencia del Stress Hidrico Sobre la Floracion y Fructificacion de los Naranjos 'Valencia' (Citrus sine?isis (L) Osbeck) (The Effect of Water Stress and Presence of Fruit of Previous Harvest on Flowering and Fruit set of 'Valencia' Oranges in Cuba) 1069 Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture, 1977, Vol. 3.

6 Inlluencia de la Epoca de Recoleccion en el Rendiiniento y Calidad de la Naranja 'Valencia' (Citrus Sinensis (L) Osbeck) (Effect of Time of Harvest on Yield and Quality of 'Valencia' Oranges in Cuba), C. G. Borroto, Nancy Garcia y A. M. Rodriguez 1074 Influencia del Patron en el Desarrollo del Pomelo 'Marsh' y el Desarrollo del Pomelo 'Marsh' y el Naranjo 'Valencia' Late en Cuba (Influence of Rootstock in the Development of 'Marsh' Grapefruit and 'Valencia' Orange in Cuba), N. del Valle, D. Van Viet, J. Suarez y Alba Rios 1079 La Mosca Prieta de los Citricos, Aleurocanthus Woglumi Ashby en Mexico, Eleazar Jimenez Jimenez 1084 Obra Para Desverdizacion del Citricos (Study on Degreening of Citrus Fruits), Albert Bernal, A., y Cuquerella Cayuela, J Carotenoid Formation in Ripening Satsuma Fruit, H. D. Sonnen 1089 A System for Postharvcst Mould Control of Citrus Fruits in Southern Australia, Barry Tugwell 1093 Productivity Effects of Functional Characteristics of Citrus Bagging and Cartoning Equipment, Earl K. Bowman 1096 Ethylene Dibromide Fumigation of Florida Grapefruit as a Quarantine Treatment Against Infestations of Caribbean Fruit Fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), A. K. Burditt, Jr., and D. L. von Windeguth 1100 Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture, 1977, Vol. 3.

7 Thiophanate-Methyl Poslharvesl Residues in Oranges, R. Mestres, J. Tourte and M. Campo and J. Lhoste 1103 Chromatographic Assay Methods of Imazalil in Citrus Fruit, J. Wynants 1107 Contribucion al Estudio de la Fisiologia del Pomelo de la Variedad 'Marsh Seedless' Durante su Tratamiento y Conservacion por el Frio a Medio y Largo Plazo (Physiology of 'Marsh Seedless' Grapefruit in Refrigerated Storage), G. Prestamo and J. Caro 1113 The Statistical Relationship Between Decay Losses and Increased "Apparent Respiration" During Refrigerated Storage of Citrus Fruits, J. Caro, G. Prestamo and J. Moreno Calvo 1120 Studies on the Controlled Atmosphere Storage of 'Satsuma' Mandarin, (Cilrus unshiu Marc), Oogaki, C. and M. Manago 1127 Decay of Satsuma Fruit in Cold Storage, R. Carreres, J. J. Tuset, and J. L. Lloret 1133 Effects of Postharvest Applications of 2,4-D, GA and Waxing on the Keeping Quality of Lemons in Cold Storage, Salah M. El-Nabaway, Mostafa M. El-Hammady, Abdel-Azeem M. El- Hammady and Ahmed El-Gazzawy 1135 Applications for Automatic Optical Grading Equipment in the Citrus Industry, J. J. Gaffney 1143 III