AFPP 10 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PESTS IN AGRICULTURE MONTPELLIER OCTOBER 22 ND AND 23 RD 2014

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1 AFPP 10 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PESTS IN AGRICULTURE MONTPELLIER OCTOBER 22 ND AND 23 RD 2014 INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF THE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE PHOSMET ON CONTROL OF A BROAD SPECTRUM OF PESTS INFESTING A WIDE RANGE OF CROPS; FEW EXPERIENCES ON APPLE, CITRUS, OLIVE, PEACH D. STERZI, Product Manager & Technical/Development Manager South Europe Gowan Comércio Internacional Serviços, Limitada dsterzi@gowanco.com ABSTRACT The active substance phosmet (C 11 H 12 NO 4 PS 2 ) has an insecticidal activity that results to be effective in the control of a broad spectrum of pests infesting a wide range of crops. It acts as inhibitor of the acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), belonging the chemical family of organophosphates, group 1B of the IRAC. The value of organophosphates as insecticides relies in their broad spectrum of activity and the demonstrated continuous effective action in the control of pest populations resistant to pyrethroids, spinosyns, benzoyl(thio)ureas and other chemical families having insecticide activity through different MoA s. This characteristic is valuable for management of resistance risk. Phosmet is specifically active in the control of pests infesting a wide range of annual and perennial crops intensively grown in Southern Europe (see appendix 1 for further insights). Following 4 examples/studies of the efficacy of different phosmet formulations on: - apple vs. Codling moth (Cydia pomonella); - citrus vs. Mediterranean fly (Ceratitis capitata); - peach vs. Oriental fruit moth (Cydia molesta); - olive vs. Olive moth (Prays oleae). Keywords: phosmet, citrus, apple, peach, olive. RÉSUMÉ La substance active phosmet (C 11 H 12 NO 4 PS 2 ) a une activité insecticide qui est efficace vis-à-vis du contrôle d une large palette de ravageurs attaquant un large spectre de cultures. Il agit comme un inhibiteur de l acétyl-cholinestérase (AChE) et appartient à la famille des organophosphorés, au groupe 1B de l IRAC. L intérêt des organophosphorés comme insecticides est lié à leur large spectre d actions et l efficacité continue démontrée dans le contrôle de populations de ravageurs résistants au pyréthrinoïdes, spinosynes, benzoyl(thio)urées et autres familles chimiques ayant une activité insecticide. Cette caractéristique est très intéressante pour la gestion du risque de résistance. Le phosmet est spécialement efficace dans le contrôle de ravageurs attaquant un large éventail de cultures intensives annuelles et pérennes du Sud de l Europe (voir l annexe 1 du présent article pour plus d informations). Quatre exemples/études de l efficacité de différentes formulations de phosmet sur: - pommier, vis-à-vis du carpocapse (Cydia pomonella); - citrus, vis-à-vis de la mouche méditerranéenne des fruits (Ceratitis capitata); - pêcher, vis-à-vis de la tordeuse orientale du pêcher (Cydia molesta); - olivier, vis-à-vis de la teigne de l olivier (Prays oleae); sont présentés dans le présent article. Mots-clés : phosmet, citrus, pommier, pêcher, olivier.

2 INSECTICIDE EFFICACY AND SELECTIVITY OF IMIDAN 50 WP AND SPADA 200 EC AGAINST MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (CERATITIS CAPITATA) ON CITRUS FOLLOWING A BROADCAST LOCATION: Villanueva de Castellón (VALENCIA, SPAIN) Applications Nature of work Synthesis of results Discussion and conclusions The application (A) was performed when threshold was reached (0.5 flies/trap and day). At this assessment date, the trial surface showed a mean of 3.2 % of damaged fruits with 1 hole/fruit on the damaged fruits. Regarding the percentage of damaged fruits, the efficacy results obtained let us to conclude that: - The formulations RELDAN E at 0.35 %, IMIDAN 50 WP at 1.0 kg/ha and SPADA 200 EC at 2.5 l/ha, with a broadcast foliar application, get similar control rates and showed useful levels of control with efficacies between the %. Regarding the number of holes/fruit, the statistical analysis did not show significant differences between treatments and on damaged fruits was observed normally 1 hole per fruit. No effects on others pests or non-target organisms were evaluated as they were not observed at enough population and incidence to be assessed. No phytotoxicity symptoms were observed for any formulation and at any tested dosage.

3 STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT PHOSMET FORMULATIONS ON CYDIA POMONELLA ON APPLES (TRIAL ID: 13 I AR GW 08) LOCATION: Ademuz (VALENCIA, SPAIN) Applications Nature of work Results Discussion and conclusions Regarding the percentage of damaged fruits by Cydia pomonella (L.) at harvest (28 DA-D), nontreated shows a mean of 32.6 % of fruits damaged by C. pomonella on a sample of 300 fruits/plot. The efficacy results obtained let us to conclude that all the treatments reduced between % the percentage of damaged fruits at harvest. No phytotoxicity symptoms were observed for any formulation and at any tested dosage.

4 INSECTICIDE EFFICACY AND SELECTIVITY OF DIFFERENT PHOSMET FORMULATIONS AGAINST PRAYS OLEAE ON OLIVE TREES (TRIAL ID: 13 I OL GW 20) LOCATION: Morón de la frontera (SEVILLA, SPAIN) Applications Nature of work Synthesis of the result Discussion and conclusions The efficacy results obtained let us conclude that: The formulations GWN at kg/ha and GWN at l/ha get similar control rates than the standard PERFEKTHION at l/ha and showed an excellent control until 31 DA-A with efficacies between %. The formulations GWN at kg/ha, GWN at l/ha, GWN at l/ha and GWN at kg/ha get a useful control at 15 DA-A with efficacies between %; at 31 DA-A, these efficacies remained similar for GWN at l/ha and increased for the rest of treatments between %. Regarding the number of dropped fruits attacked per plot: At 98 DA-A, non-treated shows a mean of 13 dropped fruits attacked by Prays oleae (Bernard). The efficacy results obtained let us conclude that: GWN at l/ha gets some control and reduced around 57.7 % the number of dropped fruits damaged. The rest of treatments showed a useful control and reduced between % the number of dropped fruits damaged. No effects on other pests or non-target organisms were observed as they were not observed at enough population and incidence to be assessed. No phytotoxicity symptoms were observed for any formulation and at any tested dosage.

5 Treatment FIELD STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF GWN 10125, GWN 10124, GWN AND GWN AGAINST ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH ON PEACH; STUDY: PCE 13 GOW PRNPS LASPMO/2. LOCATION: Malalbergo (BOLOGNE, ITALY) Product Active ingredient Formulation Content a.i g/l Product dose L/Ha Dose rate (g a.i./ha) Timing 1 GWN Phosmet WP T1 & T2 2 GWN Phosmet L 25 1,5 375 T1 & T2 3 GWN Phosmet L 22,5 2,2 500 T1 & T2 4 GWN Phosmet L 22,5 1,7 375 T1 & T2 5 GWN Phosmet L 22,5 1,1 250 T1 & T2 6 Spada 200 EC Phosmet EC 200 3, T1 & T2 7 Phosmet 40% WG Phosmet WG 40 1, T1 & T2 8 Trebon UP etofenprox EC T1 & T2 9 Untreated T1= At hatching eggs of 2 nd generation; T2= 10 day after T1 Treatment positioning The flight of the Cydia molesta (Busck) second generation (see Figure 1) started on June 4 th and finished on July 2 nd. The flight peak with 16 catches was observed on June 18 th. The first spray was applied on June 20 th in correspondence of 14 % of hatched larvae (C. molesta MRV Model) and the second was made on July 2 nd (52 % of hatched larvae). Results Assessment carried out on July 12 th 2013 Active Formulation Product Ingredient Kg- L/Ha a.i. g/ha Affected Shoots % Affected Fruit % GWN Phosmet b (66.0) 2.0 b (81.0) GWN Phosmet bc (73.6) 1.5 b (85.7) GWN Phosmet bc (75.5) 2.0 b (81.0) GWN Phosmet bc (83.0) 3.5 b (66.7) GWN Phosmet bc (75.5) 3.5 b (66.7) Spada 200 EC Phosmet bc (79.2) 1.0 b (90.0) Phosmet 40 % WG Phosmet bc (83.0) 4.0 b (61.9) Trebon UP Etofenprox c (84.9) 0.5 b (95.2) Untreated a 10.5 a (1) Average values marked by different letters are significantly different at P 0,05 (SNK test). (2) Action degree in accordance with Abbott s formula.

6 Conclusions The activity of the different experimental products was compared with etofenprox as standard referent. The test carried out under high pest pressure conditions showed that all products gave a good C. molesta control. No phytotoxicity problems were registered both on fruits and shoots. Appendix 1 List of species with demonstrated sensitivity to phosmet, extracted from GAPs of phosmet-based PPP s authorized n South Europe order family specie(s) Diptera Coleoptera Hemiptera Lepidoptera Thysanoptera Tephritidae Drosophilidae Coreidae Curculionidae Chrysomelidae Coccidae Diaspididae Pseudococcidae Hyponomeutidae Praydidae Gracillariidae Tortricidae Pyraustidae Pieridae Gelechiidae Lymantriidae Thripidae cherry fruit fly - Rhagoletis cerasi (L.) Mediterranean fruit fly - Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) olive fruit fly - Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) walnut husk fly - Rhagoletis completa Cresson spotted wing fruit fly - Drosophila suzukii Matsumura* hazelnut bug - Gonocerus acuteangulatus (Goeze) olive (apple) weevil - Othiorhyncus cribricolli Gyllenhaal hazelnut weevil - Curculio nucum Gyllenhaal Colorado beetle- Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) brown olive scale moth - Saissetia oleae (Olivier) wax scales - Ceroplastes spp. red scale - Aodiniella spp. white peach scale Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) San Josè scale Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock mealybugs - Planococcus spp., Heliococcus spp. citrus flower moth - Prays citri Millière olive moth - Prays oleae (Bernard) citrus leafminer - Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton leaf miners - Phyllonoricter spp. leafrollers - Pandemis spp. fruit tree leafroller - Archips podana (Scopoli) codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) oriental fruit moth - Cydia molesta (Busck) plum fruit moth - Cydia funebrana (Treitschke) grape trortrix moth - Argyrotaenia ljungiana (Thunberg) olive buds moth Margaronia (Palpita) unionalis Hübner large white - Pieris brassicae (L.) potato tuber moth - Phtorimaea operculella (Zeller) twig borer - Anarsia lineatella Zeller vapourer moth - Orgyia antiqua (L.) western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande onion thrips - Thrips meridionalis (Priesner)