POTENTIAL OF CA FOR POSTHARVEST ARTHROPOD CONTROL IN FRESH HORTICULTURAL PERISHABLES: AN UPDATE OF SUMMARY TABLES COMPILED BY KE AND KADER, 1992a.

Transcription

1 POTENTIAL OF CA FOR POSTHARVEST ARTHROPOD CONTROL IN FRESH HORTICULTURAL PERISHABLES: AN UPDATE OF SUMMARY TABLES COMPILED BY KE AND KADER, 99a. Elizabeth J. Mitcham, Tunya Lee A. Martin, Shijun Zhou, and Adel A. Kader Department of Pomology, University of California, Davis, CA 966 Time required to kill certain arthropods in some fresh horticultural perishables by controlled atmospheres. ( C) O kpa CO kpa % Hemiptera Aphids General Aphids asparagus d Batchelor et al. (98a) asparagus, broccoli, carnation, lettuce, rose d > d d ~ 4 d ~ 6 d d Zheng et al. (99) Green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) cut flowers, leafy vegetables d. d Cantwell et al (996) True Bugs New Zealand wheat bug Nysius huttoni (White). / >./. </ mo. Waddell et al. (988) 6/.6 h y Lay-Yee et al. (997) Mealybugs Tuber mealybug Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) [formerly Obscure mealybug Pseudococcus affinis (Maskell)] second/third (female) h.4 h 4.8 h Whiting and Hoy (997a)

2 ( C) O kpa CO kpa % Tuber mealybug (continued) second/third (female) h 8. h 8.7 h second/third (female) h -6 h 4-7 h Longtailed mealy bug Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni & Tozzetti) persimmon larvae/. 7 d Dentener et al. (99,99) Scales San Jose scale Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comst.) cap/ cap/nymph or mo. d mo. Dickler (97) Morgan and Gaunce (97) Chu (99) Thysanoptera Thrips General thrips asparagus d Batchelor et al. (98a) Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) cut flowers and leafy vegetables grape 8 6. d Cantwell et al. (996) second Instar pseudopupae d. d 6. d 4. d 4.8 d Mitcham et al. (997b) strawberry /pupae d Aharoni et al. (979,98)

3 ( C) O kpa CO kpa % New Zealand flower thrips Thrips obscuratus (Crawford) fruits and vegetables , 8, d 8 d 6 d 6 d d d d h Potter et al (994) Carpenter et al (996) stone fruits all - or d Carpenter et al. (99) Coleoptera Beetles Flour beetle Tribolium confusum Koch Cut flowers d Seaton and Joyce (99) Nitidulid or sap beetle Carpophilus spp. Weevils Sweet potato weevil Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) Diptera dates, dried fruit (prevented insect development in cold storage) sweet potato d 4-8 d Navarro et al. (998) Delate et al. (99) Fruit Flies Apple Maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella) 4 d 7 d Ali Niazee et al. (989) Kosittrakun (989) Caribbean fruit fly citrus.6.- d Benschoter (987) Anastrepha suspensa pupa.6.- d (Loew) grapefruit larva. d Benschoter et al. (98) larva - - d - - d

4 ( C) O kpa CO kpa % Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens (Loew) grapefruit mango h 6 min 6 min 8 min 8 min min Shellie et al. (997b) Yahia et al. (999) Yahia and Ortega-Zaleta () West Indian fruit fly Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) mango 48 6 min 8 min min 8 min min Yahia et al. (999) Yahia and Ortega-Zaleta () Anastrepha serpentina mango s d Rojas Villegas et al. (99) Lepidoptera Leafrollers Greenheaded leafroller Planotortrix excessana (Walker) first/third. mo. Batchelor et al. (98b) h h Whiting et al. (99) persimmon. 4 d Dentener et al (99, 99)

5 ( C) O kpa CO kpa % Brownheaded leafroller Ctenopseustis obliquana (Walker) first/s mo. -4 d 7- h Waddell et al. (99) Whiting et al. (99a) s, first and third / >./. </ 6/ h y Whiting and van den Heuvel (998) h h 8.8 h. h.6 h 6 h.-4. h Whiting et al. (99) Whiting et al. (996) kiwifruit ( d old).47 h.8 h.8 h.8 h Hoy and Whiting (998) Black lyre leafroller Cnephasia jactatana (Walker) kiwifruit ( d old) 4.9 h.86 h 4.69 h. h Hoy and Whiting (998)..-4. h Whiting et al. (99) h 8.8 h. h.6 h 6 h.-4. h Whiting et al. (996)

6 ( C) O kpa CO kpa % Ctenopseustis herana (Felder and Rogenhoffer) h h Whiting et al. (99) Greenheaded leafroller Planotortrix octo Dugdale, first/third/ fifth h h.-4 d 7- h 8.8 h. h.6 h 6 h.-4. h Whiting et al. (99) Whiting et al. (99a) Whiting et al. (996), first/third / / >./. >./. </ </ 6/ h y Whiting and van den Heuvel 6/ h y (998) Omnivorous leafroller Platynota stultana Wlsm. grape pupa pupa d 4. d.9 d.6 d. d.8 d 7.6 d 4. d. d.9 d 4. d Mitcham et al. (997b) Zhou et al. ()

7 ( C) O kpa CO kpa % Moths Codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.), pear Larvae Larvae (ND z ) 7 8; < 9 mo. d d.6 d 4.4 h d;8 d y (probit 9) Toba and Moffitt (99, 99) Whiting et al. (99a,b) Whiting et al. (99b) Chervin et al. (999), first/third/ fifth d -4 d h Whiting et al. (99a) cherry min. 44 min. Neven and Mitcham (996) Light brown moth Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) pear first/s first/third ; / / / / /.; >./. >./. >./. >./. >./. 4.6; - </ </ </ </ </ h; mo. y. h (fast heating rate). h (slow heating rate) - mo. mo. 4 d d 4.8 h -.7 d d 8. h. h h x h x h x 6/8. h y 6/8 h y 6/ h y 6/ h y 6/ h y Chervin et al. (997) Mitcham et al. (999) Whiting et al. (99) Waddell et al. (99) Batchelor et al. (98b) Whiting et al. (99 and 99a,b) Whiting and Hoy (998) Lay-Yee et al. (997) Whiting and van den Heuvel (998)

8 , first/third/ fifth ( C) O kpa CO kpa.4.4 % -4 d.-. d Whiting et al. (99a), pear sixth instar pupae 8 8:. 9:. d d:4 d y d: wks y Chervin et al. (999) Tabatabai et al. () apricot d.4 d Whiting and Hoy (997b) kiwifruit ( d old) 4.8 h 7. h 9.6 h.9 h Hoy and Whiting (998) pear, larva, pupa ; ;.;.; 4.6; 4.6; 6 h; mo y Chervin et al (997) h; mo y Oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck.) pear ;.; 4.6; h; mo y Chervin et al. (997) Navel orangeworm Amyelois transitella (Walker) walnut later larvae to early pupae.4 6 d Johnson et al. (998) Acarina Mites Apple rust mite Aculus schlechtendali (Nal.).8. mo. Lidster et al. (98) European red mite or Fruit tree red spider mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) mo. 4 d Lidster et al. (98, 984)

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10 ( C) O kpa CO kpa % Pacific spider mite etranychus pacificus McGregor grape larva protonymph larva, protonymph, deutonymph, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, s, deutonymphs s, deutonymphs ; ; ; ; ; ; ;.... ; 4; 9 ; 9 7; 9 7; 4; 4; ;. 8; 8 9; 8 6; 8 6; 8; 9; d; 8 d y d; 8 d y d; 8 d y d; 8 d y d; 8 d y d; 8 d y d; 8 d y 4.7 d 7.6 d 8. d 7.9 d Mitcham et al. (997b) Zhou and Mitcham (998) Two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch kiwifruit (D z ) (D z ) (D z ) (D z ) (D z ) h. h 9. h. d 4.7 d 7.4 d Lay-Yee and Whiting (996) Whiting and van den Heuvel (99) x Time to LT 99 varies with time to establish target temperature ranging from to hours, respectively y Sequential CA treatments z D diapausing; ND - nondiapausing

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