A virtual life cycle structured platfor for buildig applicatios Petra Both, Niklaus Kohler, Robi Gessa Istitute for Idustrial Buildig Productio, Uiversity of Karlsruhe (TH), Geay (petra@voboth.de) Suary The developet of a life cycle structured cooperatio platfor is described, which is based o a itegrated process ad goal-orieted project odel. Furtherore the structure of a life cycle orieted object structure odel ad its ipleetatio i the platfor are docueted. The coplete coceptual odel is described, which represets the basis of a lifecycle -orieted structurig of the plaig object ad supports the theatic classificatio of the object ad project aageet data. Itroductio I the field of AEC (architecture, egieerig ad costructio) the cosideratio of the coplete life cycle of buildigs becoes ore ad ore iportat. Also questios of utilizatio ad eergy ad cost flows durig the aageet of a buildig becoe ore relevat (Kohler ad Lützkedorf 2003). Life cycle approaches i buildig derive fro several sources: aiteace experiece of buildigs ad ifrastructures, ouet coservatio, Life Cycle Aalysis ad facility aageet. I cotrast to the classical life cycle cosideratios of cosuer goods, that assue 5 to 0 years for the whole product life, the buildig sector has to take ito accout a uch loger period of up to 50 years ad beyod. Speakig of lifecycle orieted buildig desig; the object plaig has to take several decades ito accout. As a cosequece thereof ad of the predoiat oe-of-a-kid character of buildigs, high coplexity ad 4-diesioal depedecies arise. This requires high stadards to the plaig process, because the costructive basics ad plaig decisios for the whole life cycle are developed ad specified here. The applicatio of a itegrated plaig philosophy (IP), which pursues a life cycle orieted ad holistic plaig, represets oe solutio approach (Kohler 998). By a vertical itegratio aspects of sustaiability ca be ebedded i early desig phases. The ai of this vertical itegratio is the ivolveet of kowledge of the cocered groups or actors ad the theatic aspects of later life cycle phases i the desig process. Oe exaple is the participatio of the future residets or users by icludig their specific expectatios ad deads i the process of the specificatio of the project objectives. I the research project e_co-housig (Gessa ad Peter 2003) this is aaged by differet tools, which support the future users to defie their priorities i ters of sustaiability aspects as a basis for the desig process. The horizotal itegratio icludes the keyote of a iterdiscipliary proble solutio ad supports the theatic sychroisatio of the separated plaig processes. Thereby the differet ethods of various disciplies have to be applied ad coordiated i ters of a quality check. Page of
The applicatio of such a itegrated plaig strategy ad therewith resultig close cooperatio has to be supported by the developet of assistig auxiliary eas ad specific tools. Project orieted cooperatio platfors ca serve as a iportat couicatio base ad iproves the discussio ad the theatically exchage of the project participats. Such cooperatio platfors, which offer various groupware fuctioalities, are already established for the plaig of ew buildigs (for exaple the Gera eterprises Coject ad Kopsis). For the field of buildig process, object aageet ad refurbishet several solutios are worked out by curret research projects (Both ud Zeter 2004, e_co-housig 2004, Giso 2004). I the above-etioed e_co-housig project, the platfor supports for exaple the participatory desig process icludig the future residets, the buildig process ad will later o serve as a buildig aagig tool for the utilizatio of the buildig. This rather techology-based approach appears proisig. I referece to recet discussios (ICCCBE 2002) it is obvious however, that a exclusive techological support, which is applied oly to ap existig structures ad ethods of cooperatio, brigs oly a liited beefit to the product plaig. Existig ethodical approaches retur o satisfyig solutios to the specific probles of coordiatio i spatially distributed but still collaborative work. I order to achieve a real iproveet it will be ecessary to aalyse the existig plaig ethodologies ad orgaisatioal strategies i order to adapt the to the ew requireets of itegratio. 2 The itegral cooperatio odel To cope with this itegratio approach, the coordiatio of spatially separated plaig processes requires a explicit cooperatio ethod with rules ad auxiliary eas. At the istitute for idustrial buildig productio of the uiversity of Karlsruhe a project odel was developed (Both 2003), which is based o the cocepts of syste egieerig. This odel itegrates the differet aspects of object plaig ad project aageet ad eables a holistic, goal- ad process orieted accoplishet of a project i a tea-orieted aer. It serves as a coceptioal base for the developet of the afterwards explaied life cycle platfor. This project odel, show i figure, represets a kid of a buildig set resp. kit, which cotais the ecessary eleets, structures ad rules for the realisatio ad coordiatio of the developet project. I order to cope with this itegratio approach, the various aspects of project coordiatio are worked out as partial odels ad are itegrated i the superordiated odel with regard to their iterdepedecies: The accoplishet of the perforace i a plaig project is effected by the executio of processes (process odel), which odify the iforatio flowig aog the (odel of iforatio flow). The processes are iitiated to achieve special objectives resp. to solve specific probles (objective ad task odel). All of these goal-orieted processes are executed by appropriated resources ad are coordiated by special orgaisatioal roles (orgaisatio odel). Page 2 of
objective- ad task odel Itegral cooperatio odel itegratioof goal settig process process odel objective syste requireets projectstructurepla taskorgaizatio orgaisatio odel tea-orieted orgaisatio structure copeteces plaig of resources ilestoes activity schedule workflow access authority couicatio echaiss processig authority task orieted iforatio flow odel orgaisatio orieted process orieted Figure : The itegral cooperatio odel Durig the strategic project plaig at the begiig of a project, the product requireets are beig trasferred uder cosideratio of the superior syste ito the project objectives. The result is a target syste costatly specified ad adapted i the later course of the project for each phase. To eable the cotrol of the high coplex project cotets, the project ust be cosequetly divided, startig fro the target syste ito uits, which are clearly preseted ad ca easily be plaed ad cotrolled. Thus for each phase of the project a coplete, goalorieted structurig of the project is effected by the deteriatio of all ecessary work packages ad their likages i the cotext of the plaig of the work breakdow structure. Whe the task structure has bee build, the developet of the tea-orieted orgaisatio structure ca take place durig the task allocatio. After the estiatio of effort the basis for process odellig is created via the trasfer of task packages ito logically liked operatioal processes. The differet subsystes are built directly o top of each other ad ust therefore be coordiated ad itegrated accordigly. The goal plaig represets the basis of the etire project plaig ad additioally eables the adiistratio of the purely operatioal-logical likages to seize the cotet wise reciprocal effects. 3 Theatic Sychroisatio by a Itegrated Object Structure Model For the warraty of a adequate theatic coordiatio ad sychroisatio, the exclusive cosideratio of orgaisatioal ad operatioal structures o the basis of the project odel is ot sufficiet. Here it will be ecessary to docuet ad aage the theatic cotext ad the cotet-orieted iterdepedecies of the spatial separated processes as a kid of cofiguratio aageet. Page 3 of
Requireets Objectives Task syste Theatical Structure Orgaisatioal Structure Processes Specificatio of the Theatical Cotext P4 P P3 P2 Iforatio Objects Figure 2: Specificatio of the theatic cotext by a theatic structurig To reply the questio, how this theatic cotext ca be described, a abstract cosideratio will be ecessary at first: I the field of syste egieerig a project is defied as a object trasforig actio syste, whose ai fuctio is the trasforatio of a object syste fro a origial state to a defied target state with supply of adequate resources. The project fuctios serve for the trasforatio of the object defiig paraeters (aterial, eergy, iforatio ad costs) ad chage the state of the object syste (figure 3). object eergy aterial iforatio fiaces state objectives project fuctio space tie ressources trasforatio object eergie aterial iforatio fiaces state 2 Figure 3: The project as a object trasforig syste Derivated by this cosideratio, the theatic cotext of a project ad its processes ca be described by this object syste. I additio to the show project odel thus a so-called object structure odel (Both 2004) was specified, which represets the plaig object ad its structural relatios over the progressio of the project. This object structure odel, show i figure 3, cosists of a seatic etwork of so called structure objects. Further to a ethodical object plaig strategy (Both 2004), the structure objects describe the plaig object by its fuctioal structure, by its eleets resp. copoets ad syste paraeter as well as by the spatial roo structure. Page 4 of
Project Model Lifecycle phases of the project Project Syste {abstract} Project Phase geeric istace of a etity of the project odel PE represets PF represet services of copoets of the PS the project project eleet type abstraktio relatio Project Eleet Project fuctio PE execute PF PF serve for the trasforatio of the OS Surroudig Systes User Fuctio Object Model UF is FA decribes spheres of actio of OF executed FA Referece Beefit of the OS is realised by OF Objekt Syste Object Fuctio Fuctioal Area {abstract} R represet Priciple of realisatio BE ist OS cosists spacial object of OF is described by Fuktiosträger of OC area Referece ET Referece R associates Eleet Type Lifecycle Phase to FA SA are Object states Process abstraktio trasfored by are described Structure relatio OF by SA Referece Referece States of the OC are described by Referece Object Copoet Syste Attribute SA Roo OC ca be situated i R Figure 4: Syste of structure objects The specified structure objects serve as classificatio criteria s for the post-coordiative theatic structurig of the plaig ad aageet data of the project ad costitute a kid of structural coordiatio level for the eleets of the project syste. This theatic cocateatio of processes, requireets ad iforatio to the various object copoets or spatial areas eables a theatic sychroisatio of the plaig processes. Thus it allows the dyaically geeratio of cotext-orieted theatic views of the project iforatio (product ad aageet data) ad its cohereces durig the ruig tie of the project, like a siplified product ad project data odel. Furtherore the object orieted classificatio serves as a basis for a goal coflict aageet (Both 2003). A fudaetal coditio for the hadlig of goal coflicts represets the detectio of existig theatic ad cotet-orieted overlaps resp. iterdepedecies. These theatic iteractios ca be described by the explaied correlatio of the objectives ad requireets to the explaied structure objects. The object ad its copoets represet the referece object of the coflict. The syste paraeter describes the collidig object attributes. 4 Validatio by a iteret based prototype The odel has bee validated by the ipleetatio of a Iteret based software prototype. This itegrated web-based project platfor SyProM (Both 2004) has bee developed as a assistig tool based o the groupware syste Lotus Doio. The graphical user iterface (figure 5) offers i accordace with the described partial odels the access to differet odules: - The odule objectives + requireets allows the specificatio ad coordiatio of the relevat objective target ad offers fuctioalities for a ethodical support of the process of the objective developet (objective plaig pilot). Page 5 of
- The aageet of the project orgaisatio with the adiistratio of the participats ad the orgaisatioal roles takes place i the odule project orgaisatio. - The aageet of the project relevat tasks ad the coceptual forulatios will be supported i the odule task aageet. - The odule iforatio aageet eables a efficiet iforatio flow aog specified iforatio logistic structures ad offers flexible access ad distributio echaiss. So-called cotet objects aage the created plaig iforatio, which cotais i additio to the actual iforatio describig Meta iforatio. Figure 5: GUI of the prototype I the odule project structure, the developet ad aageet of the structure objects is supported, which serves as theatic classificatio criteria s ad priary represets the virtual plaig object. The associatio of these structure objects with the cooperatio eleets resp. the theatic classificatio of the objectives, requireets, tasks or iforatio ca be doe i the differet aageet odules. The followig figure 7 shows a screeshot of the theatic classificatio of a requireet by usig a iteractive checklist of the accordig structure objects. Page 6 of
Figure 7: Theatic classificatio of requireets 4. The Roo Book as lifecycle referece The roo-related viewig resp. descriptio of the buildig represets a iportat referece uit over the whole lifecycle. Especially for the period of buildig productio ad utilisatio aside fro the produced eleets the roo is i the cetre of attetio. To supply such a roo-orieted way of thikig, it sees to be ecessary to store ad aage the project iforatio ad plaig results i cocateatio to the accordig roo. I the area of buildig plaig ad object aageet referrig to this the ter roo book (Hepera 994) has bee established. The here explaied prototype supports by dit of the explaied roo-related classific atio of the plaig iforatio the geeratio of roo-orieted views as coteplated by such a roo book. The followig screeshot shows the graphical user iterface (GUI) of the roo book. Page 7 of
Figure 7: GUI of the roo book I this roo book, i additio to several theatic roo overviews (e.g. roos by occupatio or roos by utilizatio) iforatio of the cocrete roos ca be preseted. Moreover the direct access to the docuet of the selected roo ad the therewith-stored Meta iforatio is provided. Also views to all plaig iforatio (odule for iforatio aageet), related to this special roo, are preseted. Furtherore the cotet of the roo book ca be upgraded by the applicatio of the explaied roo-orieted structural echaiss also to the aageet data of the project i such a aer, that i additio to the roo-orieted preparatio of object iforatio also rooorieted views to the cooperatio s objects, like tasks, requireets or processes of the project ca be provided. As show i figure 7, thus all for a selected roo relevat requireets are preseted i a dyaic rutie-geerated list. Also the roo-related tasks ad processes ca be accessed. 5 Itegrated lifecycle approach The explaied approach tries to solve the proble of the life cycle itegratio with a life cycle orieted goal ad requireet odellig. This creates the possibility to iclude aspects ad theatic cohereces of later object-life-cycle-phases already i the desig-phase ad use the as bidig desig paraeters. The focus is here also o the syste project, because it serves as referece syste. Due to the predeteried (teporal) syste borders of the project, probles i ters of the allocatio ad coissioig of iforatio ad objective targets of the desig object to the followig life cycle phases occur. The teporal syste border of the project should ot arrow the cosideratio spectru. As a result of sustaiability aspects, the life cycle orietatio cosequetly deads a post project cosideratio. Page 8 of
The coceptual probles, which have to be solved, are quite ew: Life cycle cosideratio iplies exteded syste liits i space (itegratio of the plaig object i the ecosyste) ad i tie (fro 0 to ore tha 00 years). Tie aspects becoe iportat iplyig differet tie scales (fro hours i eergy ad costructio odellig to years ad decades i object aiteace ad ecooical calculatio). I parallel to these exteded syste liits, kowledge about life cycle aspects derives fro differet cotext areas (tie, space, actors). Based o the curret results of SyProM ad other ogoig projects, the draw coclusios for the structure of a lifecycle orieted platfor is the differetiatio of the project ad object level. Thus the ai is the developet of a lifecycle-lastig object platfor, with which several phase-orieted project platfors will be iterliked (copare figure 8). The itercoectio ca be realised by a upgrade of the explaied structure level. The explaied structure objects ca effect the specificatio of the request resp. proble cotext. Object platfor Iterlikig by srtucture level Plaig project Facility Maageet Refurbishet project Project platfors Figure 8: Iteractio of differet project platfors with the object platfor The object platfor serves for the aageet of the object iforatio (referece values ad existig iforatio) over the whole life cycle ad represets a product data repository level for all life cycle relevat data. I additio it provides a dyaic structural frae as base of a cofiguratio aageet. This elarges the trasparecy of the theatic cohereces over the chagig life cycle phases ad serves as a basis of theatic sychroisatio. The coected project platfor allows the access fro ay life cycle phase to the apped superior theatic cohereces ad aspects kept i the object platfor (e.g. goal coflicts). This kid of kowledge aageet level allows the itegratio of the kowledge of the theatic cohereces of other resp. later lifecycle phases i the differet projects. The theatic project structure ca directly be derived out of this structural object cotext. A siple visualisatio of these iteractios is show i figure 9 with differet tiers for the theatic cotext ad the derived iforatio. Page 9 of
object data repository tier Methods for object data aageet structure tier dyaic cofiguratio aageet project aageet tier ethods for project aageet ad object plaig Processes (ties, resposibilities, costs) project orgaisatio (tea structure, orga. roles, Participats) Objectives ad requireets couicatio tier Groupware fuctioalities Figure 9. Differet tiers of the iterliked lifecycle platfors The project platfor supports the coordiatio ad accoplishet of the object trasforig processes ad provides the aageet frae for the object plaig as a project iterior perforace. The represetatio resp. loggig of the object trasforig processes (project fuctios) ad the herewith-effected state odific atios of the object syste over the whole life cycle eables a structural dyaic saplig of the object odel. The further developet of this life cycle object platfor will be substace of a upcoig doctor thesis at the Istitute for idustrial buildig productio (Uiversity of Karlsruhe). 6 Refereces BOTH, P. v. (2003). A ethodical process odel for a cooperative plaig of coplex products. I KAAPKE, Kai (Eds.); WULF, Alexader (Eds.): Foru Bauiforatik 2003 : Juge Wisseschaftler forsche.. Auflage. Aache : Shaker Verlag, - Forubeitrag. - ISBN 3-8322-2022-4 BOTH, P. v. (2002). A Iteret-based Co-operatio Eviroet for a dyaic project developet; ICCCBE-IX : The 9 th iteratioal Coferece o Coputig i Civil ad Buildig Egieerig, Taipei BOTH, P. v. (2004). Ei systeisches Projektodell für ei kooperatives Desig koplexer Uikate. Preseted auscript of dissertatio, Istitute for idustrial buildig productio, Uiversity of Karlsruhe (TH). Both, P. v., Zeter (2004). Abschlussbericht des BMBF-Verbudprojektes LuZie lebeszyklusorietierte Eibidug der Zielplaug ud des Zielcotrollig i de itegrale Plaugsprozess, Istitut für Idustrielle Bauproduktio, Uiversität Karlsruhe (TH) e_co-housig (2004) <http://www.eco-housig.org/> Gessa, R.; Peter, M. (2003) Eie lebeszyklusorietierte Plaugsplattfor zur Uterstützug partizipativer Wohbauprojekte. I KAAPKE, Kai (Eds.); WULF, Page 0 of
Alexader (Eds.): Foru Bauiforatik 2003 : Juge Wisseschaftler forsche.. Auflage. Aache : Shaker Verlag, - Forubeitrag. - ISBN 3-8322-2022-4 GISMO (2004) <http://www.giso-projekt.de/> Hepera, H. (994). Vo Projektstart zu Pflichteheft Das Raubuch als durchgägige Struktur. I Cogea Texte /2 Kohler, N. (998). Sustaiability of New Work Practises ad Buildig Cocepts. I Streitz, N., et. al. (Eds.): Cooperative Buildigs Itegratig Iforatio, Orgaisatio ad Architecture. First iteratioal Workshop o Cooperative Buildigs. Lecture Notes i Coputer Sciece. Spriger: Heidelberg Kohler, N.; Lützkedorf, T. (2002). Itegrated Life Cycle Aalysis; i: Buildig Research & Iforatio 30(5), 338 348 Page of