11/12/2012 URBAN RIVER RESTORATION approaches and perspectives Giancarlo Gusmaroli environmental engineer RIVER SANCTUARY BORDER VECTOR RESOURCE vs CITY worship defend transport exploit TOWN GENERATION ITALIAN CENTRE FOR RIVER RESTORATION CITY vs RIVER FORGOTTEN RIVERS? RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT (Vannote, 1980) 1
11/12/2012 NOT ALWAYS WATERFRONT DESIGN 2
WATERFRONT DESIGN address formal part of architectonic composition research urbanistic resolution of deteriorated edges foster enhancement of yet unexpressed zones RIVER RESTORATION today yesterday tomorrow (vision) RIVER RESTORATION address river health research resolution for altered watercourses foster enhancement of ecological status AMENITY vs ECOSYSTEM rehabilitation approach? 3
ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT RESTORATION RIGENERATION (river quality) (urban quality) URBAN DEVELOPMENT WATERFRONT RIVERSIDE (city river) (river city) FLOOD RISK RESISTENCE RESILIENCE (fail safe) (safe fail) close to nature approach REFERENCE ECOLOGICAL STATUS 1 TOMORROW TODAY 0 recovery every time it is possible intervent only when it is necessary REFERENCE ECOLOGICAL STATUS 1 TOMORROW EXAMPLES large scale experiences TODAY 0 From Findlay (2006) 4
MUNICH (Germany) 1 of 4 MUNICH (Germany) 1 of 4 MAIN SCOPE URBAN RECREATION ENHANCEMENT OTHER FINALITIES MORE ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY LESS FLOOD RISK THROUGH - less longitudinal and lateral discontinuity - more room for river dynamics - habitat recovery MUNICH (Germany) sleeping defenes below new low dikes 1 of 4 MUNICH (Germany) 1 of 4 removed or lowered banks before after 5
MUNICH (Germany) 1 of 4 NIJMEGEN (Netherland) 2 of 4 Isar-Plan investment: 28 M NIJMEGEN (Olanda) 45 % Munich Municipality 55 % Baviera Region (EU funding) planning starts on: 1995 works start on: 2000 works final delivery: 2008 NIJMEGEN (Netherland) 2 of 4 NIJMEGEN (Netherland) 1 of 4 MAIN SCOPE FLOOD RISK REDUCTION OTHER FINALITIES MORE ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY ENSURE NAVIGATION THROUGH - more room for water flows 6
NIJMEGEN (Netherland) 2 of 4 NIJMEGEN (Netherland) 2 of 4 SEOUL (KOREA) 3 of 4 NIJMEGEN (Netherland) 1 of 4 MAIN SCOPE URBAN REGENERATION OTHER FINALITIES ENHANCE RECREATIONAL VALUE IMPROVE URBAN DRAINAGE THROUGH - deculverting - mimic nature (river garden) Cheonggye-cheon River 7
11/12/2012 SEOUL (KOREA) 3 of 4 SEOUL (KOREA) Cheonggye-cheon River LONDON (UK) 4 of 4 3 of 4 Cheonggye-cheon River LONDON (UK) 4 of 4 Brent River, BEFORE (1999) 8
LONDON (UK) 4 of 4 LONDON (UK) 4 of 4 MAIN SCOPE URBAN REGENERATION OTHER FINALITIES ENHANCE RECREATIONAL VALUE REDUCE FLOOD RISK THROUGH - space for the river - more nature costs (step 1): 1.5 MLNs of tot lenght (step 1 +2): about 2 km LONDON (UK) 4 of 4 LONDON (UK) 4 of 4 NEW OXBOW (2003) RESIDENTIAL BUILDING VALUE + 34 % DURING (2003) AFTER (2005) 9
a few room avaliable 1 of 4 EXAMPLES small scale experiences RIVER SKERNE (UK) more room avaliable 2 of 4 BREDA (Germany) more room avaliable 3 of 4 10
AA EN MAAS (Netherland) more room avaliable 4 of 4 AA EN MAAS (Netherland) more room avaliable 4 of 4 human settlement STATE NORMAL existing channel STATE Trit 1 year STATE Trit 10 year DESIGN BEHAVIOUR SIMULATIONS DESIGN STATE LANDSCAPE NATURE RECREATION TO (NOT) CONCLUDE 1. How much dynamism in urban river reaches? source : Prof. M. Kondolf 11
SAME SPOT-July 1997, after February 1996 flood (3 months after works) Uvar Creek (California) source : Prof. M. Kondolf WHAT DESIGN? 12
11/12/2012 UVAS CREEK, 1879 UVAS CREEK, 1879 UVAS CREEK, 1939 13
SOMETIMES LET MEANDERS TO ADVERTISMENTS TO (NOT) CONCLUDE 2. How to face with socio-economical complexity? RIVER AGREEMENT RIVER AGREEMENT PARTECIPATIVE APPROACH France, since 1981 14
RIVER AGREEMENT RIVER AGREEMENT state of art in Italy (2012) TOTALI sottoscritti avviati annunciati 6 15 45 66 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 RIVER AGREEMENT RIVER AGREEMENT CONSTRAINS TO BEGIN? lack of social thinking? N.I.M.BY lack of deliberative democracy? N.I.M.A. lack of changement attitude? N.I.M.O. 15
RIVER AGREEMENT before than DECISIONS SHARING they foster DECISION MAKING APPROACHES SHARING FLOOD RISK FURTHER INSIGHTS (some useful links) www.ruimtevoorderivier.nl www.floodresiliencity.eu www.floodprobe.eu www.floodresilience.eu www.floodresiliencegroup.org ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION www.therrc.co.uk www.onema.fr www.ecrr.org www.urbem.net RIVER-TOWN DEVELOPMENT www.river-cities.net www.citiesonwater.com www.greenstructureplanning.eu www.green-link.eu www.ursula.ac.uk www.reuris.gig.eu www.life-liesingbach.at www.smurf-project.info www.quercus-project.eu THANK YOU www.cirf.org 16