River floodplains in Germany in times of climate change

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1 River floodplains in Germany in times of climate change Bernd Neukirchen Head of Division II 3.2 Inland Waters, Floodplain Ecosystems, Water Balance Foto: Olaf Büttner/UFZ

2 Climate change and floodplains Foto: T. Ehlert Foto: B. Felinks

3 Climate change and floodplains Floods and draughts business as usual for floodplains Foto: T. Ehlert 6,5 m Backwater level close to the Danube, Ökon 1999 Foto: B. Felinks

4 Climate change and floodplains Foto: T. Ehlert Floodplains are highly adapted to hydrological and morphological changes Floodplains are hotspots of biodiversity and central elements of the ecological network Floodplain restoration is part of all adaptation strategies and an important element of the EbA But: Only ecologically functional floodplains perform adaptation, mitigation and resilience Foto: B. Felinks

5 Assessments overview Ecological Status of surface water bodies Structural Quality of surface water bodies Quality of Floodplains? Source: Water framework directive the way towards healthy waters, BMU/UBA 5/2010 Source: LAWA 2002 Source: BfN 2009

6 The status of river floodplains GIS based assessment of floodplains building up a consitent database germanwide data sets and technical data from the Länder e. g. flooding area protected areas data of habitats WFD data scale 1: homogenization of data

7 Loss of flooding area Status report of German floodplains Floodplains of larger rivers in the past covered about 15,000 km² 2/3 were lost by embankment At large parts of streams like Rhine, Elbe, Danube and Odra only 10-20% of the former floodplains can be flooded.

8 North Sea Status of active floodplains Baltic Sea Nearly natural (1 %) Status report of German floodplains Totally modified (20%) Slightly modified (9%) Moderately modified (36%) Severely modified (34%) more than 1/3 are intensively used ecologically functional floodplains less than 10% near-natural hardwood alluvial forests only about 1%

9 Baltic Sea North Sea River Main - loss of active floodplains: Status report of German floodplains River Main - status of active floodplains more than 1/3 are intensively used ecologically functional floodplains less than 10% near-natural hardwood alluvial forests only about 1%

10 Baltic Sea North Sea Neckar - loss of active floodplains: Neckar - status of active floodplains Status report of German floodplains

11 Status of floodplains map server

12 Ecosystem services of floodplains Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Ecosystems and Human Wellbeing: Synthesis. Island Press, Washington, DC.

13 Ecosystem services of floodplains Flood protection Nutrient removal (nitrogen, phosphor) Groundwater recharge Carbon storage and sequestration (forests, peat and wetlands) Recreation Cultural identity Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Ecosystems and Human Wellbeing: Synthesis. Island Press, Washington, DC.

14 Floodplain restoration and flood protection 33 good examples Foto: J. Purps

15 Dike relocation alluvial plain Lenzen flood protection and nature conservation Recreation of the alluvial floodplain landscape characterized by an undisturbed flooding regime Dike relocation, total lenght 6,1 km Enlargement of the flooding area by about 420 hectare Responsible for the project Trägerverbund Lenzen e.v. Funding BMU/BfN, States of Brandenburg and Trägerverbund Lenzen e. V. Foto: J. Purps

16 Dike relocation alluvial plain Lenzen flood protection and nature conservation Foto: M. Scholz Foto: J. Purps Foto: K. Nabel Foto: Trägerverbund Lenzen

17 Dike relocation alluvial plain Lenzen flood protection and nature conservation The high water level in 2011 in the area was 35 cm lower than in About 5 km upstream near Schnackenburg the peak water level decreased by more than 20 cm. Source: M. Alexy, P. Faulhaber, WasserWirtschaft 12/2011, S (2011) Foto: M. Scholz Foto: J. Purps Foto: K. Nabel Foto: Trägerverbund Lenzen

18 Economic Valuation of nature-sound flood prevention at the Elbe Foto: M. Scholz Source: Economic Valuation of nature-sound flood prevention at the Elbe, Grossmann et al Foto: J. Purps Foto: K. Nabel Foto: Trägerverbund Lenzen

19 Conclusions Foto: NABU Deutschland

20 Conclusions Floodplain restoration is a no-regret-measure for adaptation to climate change helps to maintain flood protection, groundwater recharge, nutrient reduction, helps to reach the goals of the biodiversity strategies, Habitats directive, WFD Foto: NABU Deutschland

21 Thank you for your attention! DWA, Flussgebietsmanagement 11. Workshop, 8./ , Essen, Bernd Neukirchen, BfN, II 3.2 Foto: A. Henrichfreise

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