Alternative drivmidler Hvilke muligheder er der for lastvogne og busser? Præsenteret af Steffen Müller
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ALTERNATIVE FUELS
Lorum From concept ipsum est to reality in just 3 years 4
Methane dictionary Methane CH4 CNG Compressed Natural gas 200-250 bar CBG Compressed Bio Gas LNG Liquefied Natural Gas ( -130-140 o C) LBG Liquefied Bio Gas Liquefied gas is 2-3 as energy efficient as compressed gas. More efficient to distribute 5
Volvo LNG MethaneDiesel benefits Versus conventional truck Cost savings LNG is a relatively cheap fuel in many markets Reduced climate effect 70% less CO 2 effect with LBG (between 3-15 % with LNG) Versus competitor gas trucks Fuel savings 30 40 % more efficient gas combustion compared to spark ignited engines (Otto) Flexibility Runs on diesel if gas tank is empty 6
Cooperation BiMe project: AGA,EON, Fordonsgas and Gasföreningen Short term goal: Common project between Volvo and gas suppliers. 100 LNGvehicles and 1 filling station in Göteborg, Malmö and Stockholm respectively 2010-2013 Inauguration Statoil in Stockholm 7
Methane-Diesel Components Gas injector system Gas EMS Catalyst Smaller diesel tank Normal diesel engine Methane tank 8
Methane gas: CNG vs LNG CNG Compressed Natural Gas Suitable for shorter distances like city distribution Easy access to gas an advantage LNG Liquid Natural Gas Greater volume efficiency up to 50% greater range Requires a new network of filling stations 9
Payback calculation example Gas price 60% of diesel price Key facts Total Yearly driving distance (km) Fuel consumption (liter/100km) 150 000 km 32 litre/100km 40 000 30 000 Gas share (%) 75 % Diesel price ( /litre) 1,00 Gas price ( /litre diesel equivalent) 0,60 Price premium for MDE-technique (k ) 36 k 20 000 10 000 0 Yr 0 Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Yr 6 Yr 7 Yr 8 Yr 9 Yr 10-10 000-20 000 2,7 years -30 000-40 000 10
Volvo FL and FE: CNG compressed gas 7 liter engine on CNG Retrofit by Stadspartner. Up to 80% methane gas Engine power 240 or 340 hp Torque 940-1300 Nm 12-26 tons Field test and certification 2010 Range 400 km (with two tanks) 11
Volvo FM: LNG liquid gas 13 liter engine on LNG Volvo installed Up to 80% liquid methane Power 460 hp Torque 2300 Nm 18-60 ton Range >500 km 12
Range Traditional gas engine with spark plugs CNG Methanediesel CNG Methanediesel LNG 200 400 800 km 13
Volvo Bio-DME project 14
DME (Di-Methyl-Ether) Produced from renewable raw materials Engine: All moving parts identical to the diesel version Bio-DME can be produced from all biomass 95 % reduced CO 2 compared to diesel fuel No emission of soot particles Very high energy efficiency Black liquor attractive because of price and availability DME fuel 5. EMS 4. Engine 3.DMEinjector 2. Fuel pump 1.DME tanksystem 15
Hybrids - a Volvo Group approach Revolutionary fuel savings Reducing CO 2 emissions Profitable for operators Favourable for drivers Suitable for all vehicles in the Volvo Group 17
Hybrid bus Development New generation Worlds first industrialised hybrid 1977 Diesel Electric Series Diesel Electric Parallel Diesel Electric Series Diesel Hydraulic Advanced engineering Turbine Electric Series Prototypes Diesel Electric Parallel Demonstrators Industrialization 1985 1995 2005 2010
Hybrid Electricity and Diesel as power sources Fuel saving Garbage truck: up to 20% for just the truck up to 30% for the complete vehicle Distribution truck: 15 20 % CO 2 emissions drop accordingly Low sound level Excellent driveability with increased power 19
Parallel integrated design Battery Li-ion Fe Phosphate I-Shift gear box 12 gears Electrical machine generator/motor 800 Nm, 120 kw / 160 Hp Power electronics AC/DC converter D5 Engine 800 Nm, 160 kw /210 Hp
Yearly fuel saving with 7700 Hybrid 25000 20000 Daily usage 8h per day 12 h per day 16h per day Yearly saving litre 15000 10000 5000 Vendor hybrid 8h 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Average speed (km/h)
Volvo 7700 Hybrid a milestone in city bus development In-House parallel design 30% Lower fuel consumption 50% less NOx and PM 5 more passengers Silent start and -3 db less noise 120 kw Electrical machine Electric AC, Compressor, Doors, Steering Servo Lowest life time cost* Very High reliability *Including environmental cost
Comparison of alternatives
European directive Bus Life Cycle Environmental Cost Environement Life cycle cost ( ) 350000 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 PM NMHC NOx CO2 Energy 0 City Bus CNG bus Biogas bus 90% fossil free) Hybrid bus (30% saving) Hybrid bus (biodiesel) Ethanol (70% fossil free) Biodiesel (65% fossil free)
Competitors to Hybrid Type Fuel cost Pay-load CO 2 Reduction Energy WtW On road emission Infrastructure Environmental Life Cycle Cost Hybrid -25-35% = -25-35% -25-35% -40-50% Existing -80 000 FAME 100% Synthetic Diesel (BTL) +10% Tax on fuel? +20% Tax on fuel? Ethanol +5% Tax on fuel? Bio Gas +5% Tax on fuel? CNG = Tax on fuel? = -36% +35-75% +20% Rebuild of existing = -80% +25% = Existing -150 kg -650 kg -650 kg -0-74% +45-100% -75-90% +40-60% = +25% PM Improvement PM Improvement PM Improvement In progress (SE) Expensive -5 000 (65% Fossil free) 0 (80% Fossil free) 0 (70% Fossil free) +40 000 (90% Fossil free) Expensive +70 000 Comparison in relation to a diesel city bus.
Questions? 26