The Status of the Wind Power Market in Egypt Dr. Walid El-Khattam Ain Shams University (Cairo, Egypt) The Egyptian Electricity Regulator (EgyptERA) Berlin, June 11 th, 2013 1
Contents Key Challenges for Promoting RE and solutions (the Egyptian case) Regulatory Measures, Supporting Policies for RE, and Types of Contracts Required. Technical Aspects for RE Integration into Grids (Codes) Wind Projects in Egypt 2
Key Challenges for Promoting RE 5 Insufficient available grid capacity and coverage 1 Absence of long term planning 4 Electricity market structure 2 Lack of coordination between authorities 3 Lack of experience amongst decision makers 3
Key Challenges for Promoting RE 1- Absence of long-term planning leads to risk in the market and loss of credibility to investors. To ensure reliable long termplanning: o RE Data updates, o Transparency of Electricity Pricing, o Standardization of Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) long-term planning (the Egyptian Experience): In Feb. 2008, the Supreme Council of Energy has set a target to have a 20% of the total generated electrical energy from RES by the year 2020 as follows: 12% wind (7.2 GW), 6% hydro, and 2% others. 4
Key Challenges for Promoting RE long-term planning (the Egyptian Experience): A 3000 MW-Wind will be installed in the Gulf of Suez, where about 1250 MW of them will be constructed by private sector. - In 2009: o Presidential Decrees were issued for allocating lands in Gulf of Suez, to NREA (7,600 Km²) to build wind power plants either by NREA or through usufruct system (the Cabinet approved the land allocation regulations in 2012). o Egypt announced the 1 st BOO wind project (250 MW) following the competitive bidding scheme. 5
Key Challenges for Promoting RE long-term planning (the Egyptian Experience): - In 2011, the Board of Directors of the General Authority of Investment and Free Zones approved the establishment of projects in the field of designing, building, managing, operating, and maintaining power plants from various resources (including RE) as special free zones projects. - In 2012: o the electricity tariffs have been increased to elevate portion of the governmental subsidy. o the Cabinet approved activating the RE Fund to cover the difference between the cost of electricity production from RE projects and the selling price to the Grid. 6
Key Challenges for Promoting RE long-term planning (the Egyptian Experience): RE Fund could cover: Full or partial deficit between the RE cost and market prices; Exchange rate risk in case of transferring cost fully or partially to consumers; Guarantee of the transmission company payments; Financial support to pilot projects; and Research and development for RE technology. 7
Key Challenges for Promoting RE long-term planning (the Egyptian Experience-EgyptERA): o In 2005, EgyptERA s Board of Directors of approved the Guidelines for Energy Supply to Investment Projects ; o Prepared Power purchase Agreements (PPA) o Ensuring private sector participation for 20-years commercial based projects through enhancing the regulation o Developed Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) mathematical models (wind & solar), the contracting template for 15-years project, and the Tariff s issuing procedures are under approval by the Cabinet 8
Key Challenges for Promoting RE long-term planning (the Egyptian Experience-EgyptERA): o The Grid Code and the Wind Code are completed (Based on IEC and IEEE standards). These codes are under approval by EETC and EgyptERA. o The templates for the Grid Connection and Network Use contracts of RE plants are under approval by EgyptERA. o EgyptERA has approved Network Use tariff structure on different voltage levels. o In 2012, the Board of Directors approved the implementation of Guarantee of Origin (GoO) -certification scheme- as a method for promoting RE trade. 9
Key Challenges for Promoting RE 2- Coordination between relevant authorities; several governmental entities are responsible for the same decision. Coordination between relevant authorities (the Egyptian Experience): a proposed framework has been developed so that the developer can submit all of paperwork to one unit that handles all permits. 3- Experience among decision makers; highly delegated decision-making can rely on committees that are unfamiliar with the details of the processes of RE projects. 10
Key Challenges for Promoting RE Experience among decision makers (the Egyptian Experience): many recommendations are proposed to mitigate the effect of inexperience among them: o skills already learnt must be formulated in knowledge systems o further private sector engagement is essential to provide helpful feedback to regulators and to find shared solutions. 4- Electricity market structure; many countries have electricity market structures that do not provide the reliable and long-term price signals needed to encourage private investment in RES. 11
Key Challenges for Promoting RE 4- Electricity market structure (the Egyptian Experience) The Egyptian electricity market is proceeding with its unbundling process. 12 12
Key Challenges for Promoting RE 5- Grid capacity and coverage; technically, it is essential that grids are not only well connected, but also stable and capable of accommodating fluctuations on both the supply and demand sides. Grid capacity and coverage (the Egyptian Experience): the Egyptian transmission grid is far from the candidate RE territories. A roadmap for enhancing the grid is under study at the candidate locations of RES. 13 13
International Policies for Supporting RE Projects Policies For RE Soft Loans Governmental Purchases Financial Supplementary Polices Related to Production Related to Consumption Taxes and Customs Incentives Power Purchase Agreements TPA with Privilege in Dispatching Contractual Quantitative Polices Main Polices Quota (RPS) Green Certificates, GoO Competitive Bids Pricing Polices Feed in Tariff Added Premium Net Metering 14
Supporting Policies for RE in Egypt Renewable Energy Incentives Demand Incentives (RE consumers) Production Incentives (RE producers) Wind Commercial Projects GoO Certificates Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) FiT Competitive Bidding NREA Projects 15
Production Incentives for RE in Egypt New and Renewable Energy Authority Large Competitive Bidding/Tender Project size Large FiT Medium & Small < 50MW NREA Governmental & soft financing from international development agencies Proposed by EgyptERA and approved by the cabinet of ministers NREA Grid Developer Private (international) Finances Commercial finance Tariff Setting According to the bid outcome for the PPA Off taker Construction Responsibility and O/M Developer Private (local) Commercial finance proposed by EgyptERA and approved by cabinet of ministers Grid or distribution system 16
Production Incentives for RE in Egypt Generation Companies IPPs IPPs NREA EETC (Single Buyer) Customers Distribution Companies 17
Production Incentives for RE in Egypt Proposed FiT Pricing Scheme for Wind Energy in Egypt FIT Ref site (worst site) Best site Vertical Model (French Model) 5 15 Years Project life time
Demand Incentives for RE in Egypt (Guarantee of Origin (GoO) Certificates) EU Schemes for Promotion of RE SUPPORT program OBLIGATION to Power Producers OBLIGATION to Energy Suppliers or to Energy Consumers Feed-in Tariffs Premium payments Tax Reductions Calls for tenders Power Producers have to justify X% generation from RE sources Either they build their own RE plants, or they buy the required amount of Tradable Green Certificate Energy Suppliers or Energy consumers have to prove X% of RE origin in its final energy consumption (through Tradable Green Certificate) 19
Demand Incentives for RE in Egypt (Guarantee of Origin (GoO) Certificates) SUPPORT program OBLIGATION to Power Producers OBLIGATION to Energy Suppliers or to Energy Consumers FiT VOLUNTARY OBLIGATION To Energy Consumers Premium payments Tax Reductions Calls for tenders GoO 20
Technical Aspects for RE Integration into Grids (Codes) Grid Code Purpose & Scope: o Sets out the relationship between Generating Companies, Distribution Companies and EHV/HV Customers connected to the Transmission System (collectively referred to as Users), and the TSO and applied on all the parties mentioned above. o Imposes obligations on all Parties to ensure safety, efficiency and security of the Transmission System while ensuring that all Users are treated equally and fairly. o The terms and conditions of this Code also apply to each User of the Transmission System that requires to make a new connection to the Grid or to modify an existing connection to the Grid. 21
Sections of the Grid Code Section 1: Data Code Section 2: Connection Code Section 3: Testing Code Section 4: Protection Code Section 5: Performance Code Section 6: Planning Code Section 7: Operation Code Section 8: Metering Code Section 9: Scheduling and Dispatch Code Section 10: Wind Code (EETC) 22
Wind Code (Egypt) Main Requirement: 1. Fault ride through (FRT) requirements. 2. Transmission system voltage and reactive power capability requirements. 3. System frequency and frequency response requirements; (Active Power Control). 4. Wind power forecasts requirements. 5. Power Quality. 6. Grid Protection and Monitoring. 23
Wind Code (Egypt) 1. Fault ride through (FRT) requirements. 24
Wind Code (Egypt) 1. Fault ride through (FRT) requirements. TEMPORARY VOLTAGE DROPS DUE TO A NON-SUCCESSFUL AUTO-RECLOSURE In case of automatic reclosing applied 25
Wind Code (Egypt) 2. Transmission system voltage and reactive power capability requirements. o Reactive power contribution during voltage recovery must be defined (e.g. no absorbing reactive power). o Very important: Availability of pre-fault active power after voltage recovery must clearly be defined. 26
Wind Code (Egypt) 3. System frequency and frequency response requirements; (Active Power Control). 27
Wind Code (Egypt) 4. Wind power forecasts requirements. Grid Codes specify that controllable wind farms should provide their wind power output forecasts at least once a day for the following 48 hrs, as an example, each 30-min interval. A forecast update must also be available in National Control Center. Still only 80% of all forecasts are being made within 85% accuracy. 5. Power Quality Harmonics Flicker Resonances due to long high-voltage cables 28
Wind Code (Egypt) 6. Grid Protection and Monitoring. 29
Boo Competitive bidding (the Egyptian Experience) Objectives of IPP/BOO Wind Program: Accelerate development to achieve 2020 renewable energy target of 12% of total energy generated Bankable wind projects with low risk profile: - Wind measurement. - Clear site. - Environmental studies. Competitive kwh price through effective international competition Encourage local manufacturing, create jobs, transfer of knowhow and capacity building. Use best industry practice & experience 30
Boo Competitive bidding (the Egyptian Experience) MOEE and EETC has invited pre-qualified Bidders to submit Proposals for the 250 MW BOO Wind Farm (WF) Project on a predetermined site, land is leased from NREA, at the Gulf of Suez. This Project covers the development, design, engineering, procurement, construction, permitting, completion, testing, commissioning, insurance, ownership, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of the WF. As well as a 220kV-MV transformer station to connect to the 220 kv EETC transmission line. The Project Company will be established by the Bidder under the Laws of Egypt. 31
Boo Competitive bidding (the Egyptian Experience) The 1 st 250 BOO Project time line: - In May 2009: RFPQ was issued, - In Aug. 2009: 34 offers received, - In Nov. 2009: 10 bidders were short listed, -In Jan. 2011: A Site Measurement Framework Agreement was signed between EETC and the 10 short listed bidders (8 bidders measured jointly, 1 bidder measured individually, and 1 bidder withdraw), - In July 2010: Garrad Hassan was contracted to do the Joint Site Wind Measurements, 32
Boo Competitive bidding (the Egyptian Experience) The 1 st 250 BOO Project time line (Cont.): - In March 2011: A company was contracted to do the Joint Site Topographical Studies, - In Nov. 2011: A consultant was contracted to conduct the geotechnical studies, - In Nov. 2012: End of measurements, - In Dec. 2012: EETC obtained the Sovereign Guarantee For the Project, and - In May 2013: RFP was issued. 33
Boo Competitive bidding (the Egyptian Experience) The 1 st 250 BOO Project time line (Cont.): - In March 2011: A company was contracted to do the Joint Site Topographical Studies, - In Nov. 2011: A consultant was contracted to conduct the geotechnical studies, - In Nov. 2012: End of measurements, - In Dec. 2012: EETC obtained the Sovereign Guarantee For the Project, and - In May 2013: RFP was issued. 34
Boo Competitive bidding (the Egyptian Experience) Lessons learned from the 1 st 250 BOO Project : Management of Joint Site Measurement Program financed Jointly by the Bidders, Mitigation of wind projects risks (ex. Bird Migration). Gained technical, economic, and legal experiences. Land allocation procedure and coordination with other authorities. High accuracy of wind measuring equipment and other site studies. The Need for Alternatives of Sovereign Guarantee. Decisions/actions taken: - to evacuation the 3000 MW wind power through the 280 Km-500 KV TL-Gulf of Suez-Samalut. - EETC and International consultant prepared the Wind Code. It was approved May 2013 by EETC and under approval of EgyptERA. 35
Commercial-Based Wind Projects (the Egyptian Experience) Italgen is requesting to construct a 120 MW WF project (possibly upgraded to 400 MW), on a commercial bases at the shore of the Red Sea (Gulf El Zeit). It will satisfy its own customers as a 1 st private wind project in Egypt. This project will reduce CO2 emissions (a value around 250.000 tons/year) as well. 36
Thank You Dr. Walid El-Khattam walid_el_khattam@hotmail.com 37