Natural gas in Finland2009 Finnish Natural Gas Association
Natural gas and Finland Natural gas Since 1974 From Russia Share 11 % of primary energy Transmission company Gasum Oy Transmission grid 1 140 km Compressor stations 3 with 9 units, total capacity 64 MW Storages None Distribution companies 30 Distribution networks 1 760 km Customers 36 570 Sales in 2008 4.5 bcm or 45 TWh Supplies since 1974 87 bcm Finland Form of government Parlamentary republic since 6.12.1917 Population 5.3 million Capital Helsinki with 570 000 inhabitants Land area 304 000 square km Geography 188 000 lakes and 179 000 islands Distance from south to north 1 150 km Coastline 1 100 km Forest covers 75 % of the land area Languages Finnish (91 %) and Swedish (5 %) Currency Euro GDP at market prices 35 041 /inhabitant in 2008
Number of natural gas consumers in Finland on January 1, 2009 Households, cooking 29 525 1 30 Natural gas vehicles 470 5 10 600 One-family houses, heating 3 850 10 2 600 Apartment houses 1 005 34 34 000 Commercial and public buildings 935 31 33 000 Greenhouses 35 10 285 000 Small-scale industry 600 101 170 000 Heavy industry 40 2 209 55 000 000 District heating plants 85 303 3 600 000 Power plants 25 1 775 71 000 000 Consumption 4 479 million m 3 = 44.8 TWh 1.1% 11.4% 18.7% Production of electrical energy 31.2 % 27.5% Space heating and hot water 29.4 % 38.6% 19.9% 24.0% 16.1% 2.5% 14.0% 6.8% Industrial processes 39.3 % 1.9% 0.8% 6.7% Number Consumption (million m 3 /a) Total 36 570 4 479 120 000 Natural gas consumption in Finland 2008 Average consumption (m 3 /a/consumer) r, 24.0 % 2.5 % rect pr rgy use 6.7 % Natural Gas Vehicles 0.1 % Natural gas in Finland 2009
Natural gas consumption by market sectors in Finland in 2008 Imports 4 490 million m 3 or 44.9 TWh (0 o C, 36 MJ/m 3 ) Gross consumption 4 479 million m 3 or 44.8 TWh Compressor stations Industry 49.5 % Regional distribution 4.5 % 2.2 % 0.3 % Energy and power companies 50.5 % 51.7 % Power production 1.0 % Combined district heat and power (CHP) 38.6 % District heat production 6.7 % Natural gas vehicles 0.1 % Residential buildings 1.0 % Commercial sector 0.7 % Greenhouses 0.2 % Other industry 0.8 % Food industry 1.1 % Glass and brick industry 2.0 % Metal industry 1.6 % Pulp and paper industry 25.7 % Chemical industry 20.5 %
Natural gas consumption in Finland in 1974 2008 million m 3 5000 TWh 50 4000 3000 Large industry Energy and power companies Regional distribution 40 30 2000 1000 0 0 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 09 11 Year Total consumption Large industry Power production District heat and DH-power 1974 444 444 0 0 0 1975 736 461 198 77 0 1980 897 632 169 93 3 1985 950 665 130 125 30 1990 2 550 1 390 175 855 130 1995 3 292 1 540 291 1 288 173 2000 3 964 1 915 46 1 824 179 20 10 Regional distribution* Natural gas in Finland 2009 2005 4 183 1 854 38 2 094 197 2006 4 495 2 044 321 1 926 204 2007 4 322 2 143 93 1 885 201 2008 4 479 2 209 47 2 018 205 * Includes residential and commercial sectors, greenhouses, small-scale industry and natural gas vehicles
Primary energy consumption in Finland 1000 toe 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 Shares in 2008 Others 2.4 % Wood fuels 21.1 % Peat 5.8 % Hydro and wind power 4.4 % Electricity imports 3.3 % Nuclear energy 17.2 % Coal 10.1 % Natural gas 10.6 % Oil 25.1 % Sources of electric energy in 2008 total 86.9 TWh Peat 6.7 % Wind power 0.3 % Waste fuels 0.6 % Bio fuels 10.2 % Hydro power 19.4 % Net imports 14.7 % Natural gas 12.5 Coal 9.8 % Oil 0.4% Nuclear power 25.4 % Source: Finnish Energy Industries
Natural gas in industry in 1988 2008 million m 3 2500 2000 Other industry Chemical industry Pulp and paper industry TWh 25 20 1500 15 1000 10 500 0 88 90 92 94 Natural gas in energy producing industry in 1988 2008 million m 3 3000 2500 96 98 00 Electricity generation District heat production Combined district heat and power 02 04 06 5 0 08 TWh 30 25 Natural gas in Finland 2009 2000 20 1500 15 1000 10 500 5 0 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 0
Finnish natural gas pipeline network Tampere Valkeakoski Hämeenlinna Lahti Turku Hyvinkää Vantaa Lohja Espoo Po Helsin Akaa Asikkala Espoo Hamina Hattula Helsinki Hollola Hyvinkää Hämeenkyrö Hämeenlinna Ikaalinen Imatra Janakkala Järvenpää Kangasala Kerava Kirkkonummi Kotka Kouvola Lahti Lappeenranta Lempäälä Lohja Luumäki Mäntsälä Nastola Nokia Orimattila
Length of the natural gas pipelines Transmission pipelines (steel) 1 140 km Distribution networks polyethylene 1 650 km steel 90 km cast iron 20 km Total length: 2 900 km voo ki Lappeenranta Kouvola Kotka Hamina Imatra St. Petersburg Natural gas in Finland 2009 Pirkkala Porvoo Riihimäki Ruokolahti Sipoo Siuntio Taipalsaari Tampere Tuusula Valkeakoski Vantaa Virolahti Ylöjärvi
World natural gas at the end of 2007 North America R P C R/P 7.98 tcm 775.8 bcm 801.0 bcm 10.3 years Europe & Eurasia R 59.41 tcm P 1075.7 bcm C 1155.7 bcm R/P 55.2 years Africa South & Central America R P C R/P 7.73 tcm 150.8 bcm 134.5 bcm 51.2 years R P C R/P 14.58 tcm 190.4 bcm 83.5 bcm 76.6 years
Middle East R 73.21 tcm P 355.8 bcm C 299.4 bcm R/P 206 years Asia Pacific R 14.46 tcm P 391.5 bcm C 447.8 bcm R/P 36.9 years Natural gas in Finland 2009 Total world Proved reserves 177.37 trillion cubic metres Production 2940.0 billion cubic metres Consumption 2921.9 billion cubic metres Reserves to production ratio 60.3 years Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy
Natural gas sales in EU countries in 2008 0 100 200 300 400 500 United Kingdom 1057 Germany 932 Italy 899 France 497 Netherlands 431 Spain 408 Belgium 189 Romania 172 Poland 150 Hungary 138 Czech Republik 91 Austria 88 Slovakia 59 Ireland 55 Finland 48 Portugal 46 Greece 43 Denmark 40 Lithuania 37 Bulgaria 35 Latvia 17 Luxembourg 16 Slovenia 12 Sweden 12 EU27 total sales 5 483 TWh (GCV) Estonia 11 0 100 200 300 400 500 Source: Eurogas
Breakdown of EU27 s natural gas supplies Total net supplies 5 483 TWh (GCV) Nigeria 4 % Others 9 % Algeria 9 % Indigenous production 37 % Source: Eurogas Source: Eurogas Russia 24 % Trinidad & Tobago 6 % Qatar 15 % Others 8 % Norway 17 % Breakdown of EU27 s LNG supplies Total LNG supplies 538 TWh (GCV) Nigeria 27 % Libya 2 % Algeria 30 % Egypt 12 % Natural gas in Finland 2009
Abbreviations CNG Compressed Natural Gas LNG Liquefied Natural Gas GTL Gas to Liquids SNG Substitute or Synthetic Natural Gas LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas LFG Landfill Gas NGV Natural Gas Vehicle H 2 V Hydrogen Vehicle NCV Net Calorific Value GCV Gross Calorific Value Conversion factors between energy units toe MWh GJ Gcal toe 1 11.63 41.868 10 MWh 0.086 1 3.6 0.86 GJ 0.02388 0.2778 1 0.2388 Gcal 0.1 1.163 4.1868 1 Other useful conversion factors 1 billion cubic meter (bcm) natural gas = 35,315 billion cubic feet (bcf) natural gas 1 billion cubic meter (bcm) natural gas = 0,725 million ton LNG 1 million ton LNG = 1,38 billion cubic meter (bcm) natural gas 1 million cubic meter (mcm) LNG = 593 million cubic meter (mcm) natural gas Properties of natural gas and LPG used in Finland net MJ/m 3 Heat value gross MJ/m 3 Density kg/m 3 Relative density Wobbe index Natural gas 36.0 39.9 0.723 0.56 47.6 LPG propane 93.6 101.6 2.01 1.56 74.9 butane 122.8 133.0 2.70 2.08 85.3
Finnish Natural Gas Association The Finnish Natural Gas Association was established in 1986. Its main objectives are to improve the operational conditions of gas usage, to supervise common interests of the natural gas branch and to provide expert services. To achieve these objectives the association maintains contacts with authorities and other interest groups. The association organizes conferences and internal meetings for members. The Finnish Natural Gas Association is a member of the International Gas Union. Members of the Finnish Natural Gas Association Gas importing company: Gasum Gas distribution companies and big gas consumers: Anjalankosken Energia Fortum Power and Heat Gasum Paikallisjakelu Gesterbyn Lämpö Haminan Energia Helsingin Energia Hyvinkään Lämpövoima Imatran Lämpö J.M. Huber Finland Kangasalan Lämpö Karhu Voima Keravan Energia Kotkan Energia Kuusankosken Aluelämmitys Lahti Energia Lappeenrannan Energia Lempäälän Lämpö Leppäkosken Sähkö Myllykoski Paper Neste Oil Orimattilan Lämpö Paroc Pohjolan Voima, Nokian Lämpövoima Porvoon Energia Raisio Rautaruukki Sandvik Mining and Construction Stora Enso Tampereen Sähkölaitos UPM-Kymmene Valkeakaasu Valkeakosken Energia Vantaan Energia Vari, Kouvola Vattenfall Lämpö Companies selling gas appliances, equipment or services: AGA Alstom Finland Destia Gasum Energiapalvelut JK Pajarinen & Co Kaasulaite Lennart Wikström Kaasupörssi KWH Pipe Logica Suomi Naval Oilon Pöyry Energy Sarlin Sensorex Siemens Osakeyhtiö Soffco Uponor Suomi Veho Group Vexve Wihuri Oy Witraktor Wärtsilä Finland YIT Industrial and Network Services Research and training organizations: Hyvinkää-Riihimäki Vocational Adult Education Centre Lappeenranta University of Technology / LUT Energy Tampere Vocational Adult Education Centre TAKK VTT/ Technical Research Centre of Finland Natural gas in Finland 2009
PB 392 FI-00101 HELSINKI, FINLAND Phone +358 9 586 0840 Fax +358 9 5860 8444 www.maakaasu.fi Editorial work Hannu Kauppinen, layout A-P Productions Oy, print Rakennuspaino Oy