Earth Science: Chapter 3 Assessment Do not write on this text booklet. Fill in the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet. SECTION 1. Multiple choice. (17 points) Choose the letter of the BEST answer choice. 1. The four states of matter are a. Solid, liquid, plasma, gas b. Atom, element, crystal, mineral c. Atom, proton, neutron, electron d. Solid, liquid, air, plasma 2. Which is a mineral? a. Sugar b. Salt c. Amber d. Coal 5. Which is not an element? a. Hydrogen b. Water c. Argon d. Uranium 6. What particles make up the nucleus of an atom? a. Protons only b. Neutrons only c. Neutrons and protons d. Protons and electrons 7. The crystal system of both salt (halite) and pyrite crystals is - a. Cubic. b. Triclinic. c. Monoclinic. d. Tetragonal. 3. Minerals are solid substances that are - a. Inorganic (not living). b. Crystalline in structure. c. Uniform in chemical composition. d. All of the above. 4. What are the two most common minerals that make up the Earth s crust? a. Carbon and oxygen b. Feldspar and quartz c. Silicon and oxygen d. Quartz and pyrite 8. is the most abundant element in Earth s crust, followed by. a. Carbon (C), Oxygen (O) b. Carbon (C), Silicon (Si) c. Oxygen (O), Silicon (Si) d. Oxygen (O), Carbon (C) 1
9. Crystal shape is determined by the a. Internal arrangement of atoms b. Internal arrangement of elements c. Internal arrangement of minerals d. None of the above 10. Which of the following is an arrangement of silica tetrahedra? a. Layers b. Sheet c. triple chain d. double rope 11. The pyramids of Egypt are made of limestone. Over thousands of years, limestone is dissolved by. a. Hydrochloric acid (HCl). b. Carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ). c. Rain water (H 2 0 and other molecules). d. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). 12. What condition or conditions are always required for a mineral to grow into a crystal? a. Time b. Open Space c. Water d. Both (a) and (b) 13. Magma explodes onto the earth in eruptions. a. molten b. igneous c. lava d. volcanic 14. Igneous rock draws its name from the Latin word for. a. fire b. land c. air d. water 15. Granite A has LARGER crystals of feldspar, quartz and mica than Granite B. Granite A was therefore formed from magma that cooled the magma that formed Granite B. a. more quickly than b. more slowly than c. the same rate as d. None of the above. More information is needed to know the relative cooling rates. 16. Metamorphic means. a. pressure b. shape c. change d. temperature 2
17. What are the common minerals called? a. rock-forming minerals b. abundant minerals c. igneous minerals d. crystal minerals SECTION 2. Review. (6 points) Use the diagrams to answer the questions that follow. 19. Look at the topographic map above. Which letter on this map represents the steepest slope? a. A b. B c. C d. D 18. Pictured above is a shoebox with rows of holes in the top, large enough for straws to fit through. By placing straws through the holes, students have to determine the shape of an unseen object in the box. 20. What is the contour interval on this map? a. 10 m b. 30 m c. 50 m d. 70 m This activity simulates the technology used to map the seafloor. What is this technology called? a. X-ray b. Sonar c. Visible light d. Radio waves 3
21. The topographic map above shows - a. One hill b. Two hills c. Two volcanic craters d. One volcanic crater and one hill 22. The topographic map above shows a. One hill b. Two hills c. Two volcanic craters d. One volcanic crater and one hill 4
23. The scale of the map below is 1 : 24,000. Using this scale, what is the actual distance represented by ONE inch on this map? (HINT: if your fingers walk ONE inch on the map, how many inches will your feet have to walk on the land to cover that distance?) a. 24 feet b. 40 feet c. 24,000 inches d. 48,000 inches 5
SECTION 3. Investigation and Experimentation. (5 points) Read the paragraph. Choose the letter of the best answer in the questions that follow. 25. Isela heats ice in a beaker and records the temperature every 2 minutes with a thermometer. She uses a stopwatch and keeps the hot plate temperature setting the same. 24. Our Earth Science class performs a laboratory activity in observe water as it changes phase from solid ice to liquid to water vapor. The first day we did not use a thermometer holder and had to hold the thermometer by hand. The second day we did use a thermometer holder. Holding the thermometer by hand most likely introduced some into the results of the laboratory activity. a. Error b. Heat c. Problems d. Fatigue The constant(s) in Isela s acitivity is (are) the - (HINT: A constant in an experiment is something that does not change.) a. hot plate temperature setting b. time intervals for reading temperature c. beaker d. All of the above. 26. Peter s project shows how differentsized craters can be made by dropping rocks of different sizes from the same height into a pan containing 10 cm of flour. Two variables that are kept constant in this investigation are the - a. size of the pan and the size of the craters created. b. height from which the rocks are dropped and the size of the rocks. c. depth of flour in the pan and the height from which the rocks are dropped. d. amount of flour used and the size of the rocks. 6
Use the graph on this page to answer the questions that follow. Choose the letter of the best answer. 27. By how much does the temperature change from the reading taken at 10 minutes and the reading taken at 16 minutes? a. Temperature increases by 60 ºC. b. Temperature decreases by 60 ºC. c. Temperature increases by 6 ºC. d. Temperature decreases by 6 ºC. 28. The graph shows that temperature is over time. (HINT: Linear means straight line. ) a. Decreasing non-linearly b. Increasing non-linearly c. Decreasing linearly d. Increasing linearly 7
SECTION 4. Matching. (12 points) Choose the letter of the BEST answer choice. Match the picture with the name of the crystal system it represents: 29. a. Tetragonal 30. b. Hexagonal 31. c. Cubic 32. d. Monoclinic Match the vocabulary word with the letter of its definition. 33. Mineral A. Molten material found beneath the Earth s surface. 34. Crystal B. Any naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure. 35. Magma C. Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen and usually one or more other elements. 36. Silicate D. A solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns. 8
Match the box in the flow chart with the letter of the best answer. 37. a. compounds 38. b. solid 39. c. electrons 40. d. minerals 9
SECTION 5. Short Answer. (2 points) Answer the following question on your answer sheet, not on this paper. 41. ESSAY OPTION B: Put ALL of the following SIX words and phrases in a BUBBLE MAP format. Use only the words listed below. Please do not ADD any words. Definite shape States of matter Solid No definite shape Definite volume Liquid Gas No definite volume 10
SECTION 5. Short Answer. (2 points) Answer the following question on your answer sheet, not on this paper. 41. ESSAY OPTION A: The atomic mass of the element carbon (C) is 12.011. Explain how this number indicates that carbon is a mixture of isotopes. What is the mass number of the most common, naturally-occurring isotope of carbon? 11