Construction and Characteristics of

Functional Polymer Aluminum Solid Electrolytic Capacitors Construction and Characteristics of Construction of Al Foil Case Al Foil Functional Polymer (&Separator) Sealing Rubber Lead ( - ) Lead ( + ) FPCAP is roughly the same construction as an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, and uses rolled aluminum foils in its capacitor element. Manufacturing Process of Etched Al Foil Forming Slitting Winding Forming Polymerization Sealing Tab Terminal Separator sheet Functional polymer Assembling parts Aging and Inspection Shipping 48

Equivalent Circuit of Capacitor 0 Cp Rs L Rp Cp : Capacitance Rp : Equivalent parallel resistance (Insulation resistance) ( Rated Voltage/LC) Rs : Equivalent series resistance L : Inductance Imp / ESR (Ω) 0m m Imp ESR R /ωc m 0 k k 0k M M 0M Frequency (Hz) ωl Z = Rs + Rp + ωl ωcprp ( + ω Cp Rp ) ( + ω Cp Rp ) Feature of Functional Polymer 0 Electrolyte (Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor) 0. 0.0 Manganese dioxide (Tantalum Solid Electrolytic Capacitor) TCNQ Complex salt (Organic Semiconductive Capacitor) PPY by Chemical Polymerization PPY by Electrolytic Polymerization Conductive Polymer (PEDOT) O O S (Ω cm) PEDT PEDOT FPCAP differs from the aluminum electrolytic capacitor in that in place of the electrolyte, functional polymer is impregnated. S O O n 49

Typical Electrical Characteristics of Capacitors Frequency Dependence 0 0 TA Cap 0µF TA Cap 0µF AL E-Cap 0µF FPCAP 70µF AL E-Cap 0µF FPCAP 70µF Impedance (Ω) 0. ESR (Ω) 0. 0.0 0.0 0.00 0 k k 0k M M 0M Frequency (Hz) 0.00 0 k k 0k M M 0M Frequency (Hz) FPCAP has excellent frequency characteristic nearly equal to the film capacitor. Using the high conductivity of the Functional polymer with an electrolyte, and adopting the winding element for layer thinness of electrolyte, the ESR is improved greatly and has the frequency characteristic that is nearly equal to the film capacitor. Typical Temperature Dependence of Capacitors Capacitance (ΔC/C %) 0 0 - -0-30 -40-50 MLCC TA Cap AL E-cap FPCAP -60-60 -40-0 0 0 40 60 80 0 0 Temperature ( C) ESR (Ω) 0. 0.0 MLCC TA Cap AL E-cap FPCAP 0.00-60 -40-0 0 0 40 60 80 0 0 Temperature ( C) The temperature dependence of the FPCAP is that it features little change in temperature for the ESR. Since ESR is dominant at high range of impedance (near resonance point), the ESR value greatly affects Noise clearing capacity. What ESR changes little against temperature means that Noise clearing ability changes little against temperature as well. 50

Frequency Dependence 000 L8 series.5v 560µF (φ8 8L) NU series 6.3V 00µF (φ8.5l) NU series 6V 70µF (φ8.5l) 00 Impedance (mω) 0 00 0. 0 00 000 Frequency (khz) 0 ESR (mω) 0. 0 00 000 Frequency (khz) 5

Resistance to Soldering Heat 0 Test condition : 60 C, 30sec NS series V 0µF (φ.5l) NS series 6V 33µF (φ6.3 7L) ΔC/C (%) ESR (Ω) at 0kHz 0 - -0 0. 0.0 0 3 4 5 0 3 4 5 Fevering Temperature by Ripple Current 0 L8 series.5v 560µF (φ8 8L) R7 series.5v 80µF (φ8.5l) R7 series 4.0V 80µF (φ.5l) Fevering Temperature ( o C) I R = ΔT β S= ΔTc α β S ΔTc = (I R) / (α β S) log ΔTc = log (I R) / (αβs) = log I + log R log αβs = log I + (log R - log αβs) = log I + A Current (Arms) Where, I : Ripple Current (Arms) R : ESR (Ω) ΔT : Fevering Temp. at Outside Wall of Capacitor ( C) ΔTc : Fevering Temp. at Inside of Capacitor ( C) β : Heat Radiation coefficient (W/ C cm ) S : Surface Area of Aluminum Case(cm ) α : Ratio of ΔTc/ ΔT 5

Reliability at 5 C High-temperature lode 0 Change of Capacitance NS series 6.3V 47µF (φ6.3 7L) L8 series.5v 560µF (φ 8 8L) NS series 4.0V 00µF (φ.5l) Relative (%) 0 - -0 Duration (H) 0 00 000 Absolute (tanδ) 0.5 0. 0.05 Change of Tangent of Loss Angle 0 Duration (H) 0 00 000 00 Change of Leakage Current Absolute (μ A) 0 0. 0 Duration (H) 00 000 0 Change of Equivalent Series Resistance Absolute (mω) Duration (H) 0 00 000 53

Estimating of Lifetime Functional Polymer Aluminum Solid Electrolytic Capacitors Calculation Formula of Lifetime For In general, calculation formula of lifetime of capacitors is appeared as follows. The calculation formula of lifetime on FPCAP is same as usual Aluminum capacitor. LX = L0 (T 0-TX)/0 Where, L X (Hrs) =Life expectance in actual use L 0 (Hrs) =Life time T 0 (5 C) =Maximum operating temperature (5 C) T X ( C) =Temperature of capacitor in actual use On the other hand, temperature Tx adds the circumference temperature T as the capacitor temperature and the generating temperature ΔT by ripple current. TX =T+ΔT T ( C) = Ambient temperature ΔT ( C) = generating temperature Furthermore, the generating temperature ΔT by the ripple current is proportional to ripple current, and is shown by the following formula. ΔT = ( I / I0 ) ΔT0 I (A rms) = Ripple current in actual use I 0 (A rms) = Maximum permissible ripple current ΔT 0 ( C) = Generated temperature value by maximum permissible ripple current [About 0 ( C) ] 54

Application Guide Functional Polymer Aluminum Solid Electrolytic Capacitors DC/DC Converter Primary, Secondary Side Smoothing Input side For Primary Side Smoothing +3.3V CIRCUIT +5V CIRCUIT 3.3V FPCAP 6.3V 5V Output side For Secondary Side Smoothing For Secondary Side Smoothing Back-up Capacitor for Variable Load () V 3.3 5V FPCAP 6.3V.6.8V CPU FPCAP 6V FPCAP 6.3V FPCAP.5 4V Back-up Capacitor for Variable Load () 3.3 5V.6.8V CPU FPCAP 6.3V FPCAP.5 4V Noise Filters 55

Application Guide Ripple Removal Capability We measured ripple voltage by oscilloscope for output capacitor change on the typical chopper type DC-DC converter. (described below) VOUT=5V, IOUT=0.5A f=0khz Oscilloscope Electronic Load L VIN= V SW D C Specimen Comparison Between and Other Capacitors with Same Capacitance Low Impedance Aluminum Capacitor 6V0uF (φ6.3xl) ΔV=56mV Low ESR Tantalum Capacitor 6V0uF (7.3x4.3x.9) ΔV=76mV FPCAP 6V0uF (φ8x.5l) ΔV=58mV Examination of Same Level Residual Ripple Voltage To obtain same level of ripple voltage to FPCAP, Low Impedance Aluminum capacitor needs 6V3300uF, even Low ESR tantalum capacitor needs 4 pcs. of same capacitance. Low Impedance Aluminum Capacitor 6V3300uF (φ6x5l) ΔV=60mV Low ESR Tantalum Capacitor 6V0uF (7.3x4.3x.9) X4 pcs. ΔV=59mV 56

Application Guide Spice Model for Simulation Circuits with Computer Spice Model of Radial lead type (L8 and S8 Series) Part Number Cp (μf) Rs (mω) L (nh) LC (μa) Rp (kω) RL80E8MDN 80 4..9 0 5 RL80G56MDN 560 4..9 0 40 RL80J56MDN 560 5.0.9 0 63 RS80E33MDN 330 5.3.0 30 83 RS80E47MDN 470 5.3.0 50 50 RS80E56MDN 560 5.3.0 0 5 Typical ESL by Case Size Classification Case Size (mm) ESL (nh,40mhz) φ6.3 8L (S8).8 to. φ6.3 L.8 to 3.0 Radial lead type φ8 8L (L8).7 to 3. φ8.5l 3.9 to 4. φ8.5l (R7) 4.6 to 4.9 φ.5l 5.4 to 5.6 φ4 5.L.0 to. SMD type φ6.3 5.7L.5 to.7 φ8.7l 3. to 3.3 φ.4l 4.5 to 4.7 Equivalent Circuit of Capacitor Rp Cp Rs L Cp : Capacitance Rp : Equivalent Parallel Resistance (Insulation resistance) ( Rated Voltage/LC) Rs : Equivalent Series Resistance L : Inductance Rp ωcprp Z = Rs + + ωl ( + ω Cp Rp ) ( + ω Cp Rp ) * It is available to present the spice model of other parts for customers. 57