Cosmological Analysis of South Pole Telescope-detected Galaxy Clusters March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 Photo credit: Keith Vanderlinde
Outline The galaxy cluster sample Calibrating the mass scale Cosmological constraints The future of SPT cluster science March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 2
The South Pole Telescope (SPT) 10-m -> 1 arcminute resolution 2007-2011 SPT-SZ survey Observing at 90 GHz, 150 GHz, 220 GHz 2012-2015 SPTpol survey Polarization-sensitive camera observing at 90 GHz, 150 GHz 2016-? SPT-3G survey Polarization-sensitive multichroic ~15000 detector camera Photo credit: Ryan Keisler March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 3
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Why the South Pole? March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 5
Readout 12x digital frequency multiplexed TES bolometers Custom FPGA-powered readout boards March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 6
2500 square-degree SPT-SZ survey 5 year survey (2007 to 2011) 95 GHz: 40 μk-arcmin 150 GHz: 18 μk-arcmin 220 GHz: 70 μk-arcmin Stephen Padin Zak Staniszewski Keith Vanderlinde Dana Hrubes Erik Shirokoff Ross Williamson Daniel Luong-Van March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 7
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Outline The SPT Calibrating the mass scale Cosmological constraints The future of SPT cluster science March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 12
Sunyaev-Zel dovich Effect Distortion of the Cosmic Microwave Background from inverse Compton scattering due to high energy electrons Measure Compton y-parameter y = (optical depth) * (fractional energy gain per scattering) Illustration: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss Carlstrom, Holder, Reese (2002) March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 13
Extracting Clusters Matched-filter multi-frequency cluster finder (Melin et al. 2006) 95 GHz 150 GHz 220 GHz Spatially filter Linear combination to maximize signal-tonoise March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 14
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Selection Function March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 17
Outline The SPT The galaxy cluster sample Cosmological constraints The future of SPT cluster science March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 18
Mass Calibration Poisson errors are very small order 1/ 400 Implies 0.5% on σ 8 compared to current quoted uncertainties (~5%) Even better improvements in extensions to ΛCDM BUT overall scaling of SZ effect with mass dominates uncertainties SZ normalization only known to ~30% from simulation (gas modelling) Need better modelling or multi-wavelength follow-up SZ-Mass Normalization March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 19
Multi-wavelength mass measurements Chandra Magellan http://www.iras.ucalgary.ca/satellites/xray/index.html HST http://obs.carnegiescience.edu/magellan XMM http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-119/hires/s125e011848.jpg Image Credit: ESA/C. Carreau March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 20
Chandra Observations Awarded 3.2 Ms of Chandra time ~90 clusters observed @ ~3k photons - relation was previously calibrated (e.g. Vikhlinin 2006) March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 21
Chandra Observations Relation between integrated compton-y parameter Y SZ and X- ray equivalent Y X agrees with expectation March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 22
Outline The SPT The galaxy cluster sample Calibrating the mass scale The future of SPT cluster science March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 23
Cosmological Analysis Explore cosmological parameter space using MCMC ΛCDM, or add extension parameters like w, w a, Σm ν, f NL, N eff, r Marginalize over nuisance parameters Scaling of SZ signal with cluster mass & evolution with mass, redshift Scaling of X-ray signal with cluster mass & evolution with mass, redshift Intrinsic scatter in the scaling relations, including correlations Likelihood code Bayesian, fully taking into account selection effects, self-consistently incorporating any number of mass proxies, including correlations between them March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 24 Benson et al (2013)
ΛCDM Constraints (CMB) March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 25
Constraints on ΛCDM + Σ m ν March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 26
Dark Energy Equation of State w (CMB) March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 27
Coming Soon: Weak lensing Mass Calibration Weak lensing observations & analysis of SPT clusters underway ~100 clusters at low redshift with Magellan/MegaCam ~100 clusters at high redshift with HST Expect major improvements in cosmological constraints Growth-based dark energy constraints from clusters alone Dietrich et al. (in prep) March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 28
Outline The SPT The galaxy cluster sample Calibrating the mass scale Cosmological constraints March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 29
sum diff SPTpol Q Observing since Jan 2012 1 st year SPTpol maps: U March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 30
SPTpol: Cluster Science Small cutout from an SPT-SZ map: March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 31
SPTpol: Cluster Science Small cutout from an SPTpol map: Much deeper data Able to see clusters down to a lower mass March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 32
SPTpol (now) ~ 1600 detectors SPT3G (2016) ~ 16,000 detectors SPT-3G Fabricated by Toki Suzuki March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 33
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Thanks March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 35
More Slides March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 36
SPTpol: First Detection of B-mode Polarization of the CMB 7.7σ detection of B-mode polarization March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 37
The Most Extreme Clusters A sufficiently massive cluster could falsify our understanding of cosmology and/or clusters SPT-CL J0102-4915 is unlikely at the 95% confidence level Improved constraints on its mass coming soon March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 38
Projections for cluster surveys Current Future Weinberg et al. 1201.2434 March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 39
Counting Galaxy Clusters Rare extreme peaks in the matter density field at Mpc scales Dark Energy No Dark Energy Borgani and Guzzo 2001 March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 40
Counting Galaxy Clusters Abundance as a function of mass and redshift ( mass function ) is extremely sensitive to cosmological parameters 0.3 ΛCDM σ 8 Ω M Dark energy (w, w a ) Neutrino Masses m ν volume effect dn σ 8 8 12 growth effect March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 41
Cosmology Credit: ESA/C. Carreau March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 42
Selection Function March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 43
Log(Observed Mass Proxy) Log(Observed Mass Proxy) Selection Function P M ξ P(ξ M) Log(Cluster Mass) Log(Cluster Mass) Mantz et al (2010) March 24th Tijmen de Haan (McGill) - Moriond 2014 44
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