8-4 Asssessment 8-4.1

8-4 Asssessment 8-4.1 1. (8-4.1) Which bodies are composed primarily of rock and metal? a. asteroids and meteors b. comets and asteroids c. comets and stars d. stars and meteors 2. (8-4.1) The planets close to the sun are a. large and gaseous. b. large and rocky. c. small and gaseous. d. small and rocky. 3. (8-4.1) The motion of Earth is responsible for several celestial events. Which of the following events is caused by Earth revolving around the sun? a. the days in a year b. the hours in a day c. the changes in the atmosphere of Earth d. the position of the constellations in space 4. The objects people refer to as shooting stars are often meteors burning up in Earth s atmosphere. If a meteor does not burn up but strikes Earth, it is called. a. An asteroid b. A meteorite c. A meteoroid d. A satellite 5. Name the planets in order starting with the one closet to the sun. 6. The asteroid belt lies between. a. Mars and Saturn b. Jupiter and Venus c. Venus and Mars d. Mars and Jupiter 7. Complete the chart explaining at least 4 differences between inner and outer planets. Inner Planets Outer Planets 8. (8-4.1) Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth? a. Jupiter b. Mars c. Mercury d. Uranus 9. (8-4.1) Which of the following drawings below best represents the motion of a planet and its moon around the Sun? Correct Answer: C 10. (8-4.1)The diagram on the right is a picture of a a. Asteroid b. Comet c. Meteorite d. Meteoroid 11. (8-4.1) Which statement is true of both asteroids and meteoroids? a. They are made of frozen gases and dust. b. They are rocky objects that vary widely in size and orbit the Sun. c. They are pieces of debris that orbit the Earth. d. Most of them are grouped together in a belt between the Earth and the Moon. 12. (8-4.1) Which of the following planets will have the colder temperature? a. Jupiter b. Mars c. Mercury d. Uranus 13. (8-4.1) Which of the following planets will have the greatest gravitational pull? a. Jupiter b. Venus c. Earth d. Neptune

8-4.2: Use the diagram to answer #14-15. 8-4.3: 20. (8-4.3) The feature of the Earth that protects the planet from Solar Wind is the atmosphere and the. a. Aurora Borealis b. Magnetic Field c. O-Zone Layer d. Rotation 14. (8-4.2) The Sunspot is labeled with the number a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 15. (8-4.2) The Corona is labeled with the number e. 2 f. 3 g. 4 h. 5 16. (8-4.2) The Sun surface feature responsible for the light we see on Earth is labeled with number a. 1 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 17. (8-4.2) The photo shows a bright, looping projection which extends from the surface of the sun. Some of these can last for several months. This projection is called the a. corona. b. photosphere. c. solar prominence. d. solar flares. 18. The outer region of the Sun s stretches far into space. a. Mantle b. Photosphere c. Corona d. Core 21. (8-4.3) Sunspots are areas of the sun that produce a magnetic field 2500 times the strength of the magnetic field produced by Earth. When sunspots are at their maximum, which of these would be MOST affected on Earth? a. earth's rotation b. electronics c. gravity d. temperature 22. The sends out electrically charged particles, called solar wind. a. Photosphere b. Corona c. Solar Flares d. Chromosphere 23. They are near the poles and can form when charged particles cause gases in the atmosphere to glow. a. Solar Flares b. Solar Wind c. Auroras d. Magnetic Storms 24. often disrupt radio, telephone, and television signals. a. Solar Flares b. Solar Wind c. Auroras d. Magnetic Storms 19. are explosions of hot gas that occur when prominences connect. They shoot from the Sun s surface releasing tremendous amounts of energy into space. e. corona. f. photosphere. g. solar prominence. h. solar flares.

8-4.4: 25. (8-4.4) Which statement best explains the cause of the phases of the moon? a. The sun hides part of the surface of the moon. b. The sun, the moon, and Earth are in a straight line in space. c. Only part of the illuminated moon is visible from Earth. d. Only the light from the back side of the sun is reflected by the moon. 28. (8-4.4) Which of the following pictures shows the appearance of the Moon when a lunar eclipse occurs? Correct Answer: C Use the diagram to answer #23. Use the diagram to answer #20-21. 29. (8-4.4) Which location of the moon relative to the sun and earth may produce a solar eclipse? a. A b. B c. C d. D The diagram below shows a polar projection of Earth and four positions of the Moon. 26. (8-4.4) As seen from Earth, at which position would the moon appear to be a Gibbous? a. Position A b. Position B c. Position D d. Position E 27. Use the diagram to name and illustrate the moon phases. Make sure you label them as well (A-H). 30. (8-4.4) The higher high tides and lower low tides are called spring tides. Which positions of the Moon produce spring tides in Earth s oceans? a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 4 d. 3 and 4 31. Give the alignment for the solar and lunar eclipse and tell what moon phase each eclipse deals with.

32. Complete the following chart. Rotation Earth Moon 33. Complete the following chart. Moon Phase Spring Tides Neap Tides Revolution Moon Phase 34. (8-4.4) The Sun rises in the and sets in the. a. West, east b. East, west c. North, south d. South north 35. (8-4.4) The Earth rotates counterclockwise from to. a. West, east b. East, west c. North, south d. South north 36. When the Sun and the Moon are aligned the high tides are higher and the low tides are lower; these are called tides. When the Sun and the Moon are at right angles to each other, the high and low tides, there is the least difference in the tidal range at the shore; these tides are called tides. a. Low, high b. Neap, spring c. Spring, neap d. High, low 37. (8-4.4) A student observed the Moon on a Tuesday. She drew a picture of its shape in her journal, as shown below. Approximately how long will the student have to wait before she can see the Moon with this same shape and position again? a. 7 days b. 14 days c. 28 days d. 365 days 38. (8-4.4) Planets on their axis and around the Sun. a. Revolve, Orbit b. Revolve, Rotate c. Rotate, Revolve d. Spin, Rotate 8-4.5: 39. (8-4.5) Dave read that on January 1, Earth is slightly closer to the sun than on July 1. Why, then, is it colder in Illinois in January than in July? a. The greenhouse effect is stronger in the Northern Hemisphere in July. b. The moon pulls the heat away from Earth in January. c. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun in January. d. The snow on the ground lowers the air temperature in January. Position D Position C Position A 40. (8-4.5) The Fall Equinox is represented by a. Position A b. Position B c. Position C d. Position D 41. (8-4.5) The Position of the Earth when the days are the shortest is a. Position A b. Position B c. Position C d. Position D 42. Summer occurs on the hemisphere of Earth that is. a. Turned away from the Sun b. Tilted toward the Sun c. Titled away from the sun d. Turned toward the sun 43. What is the difference between solstice and equinox? 44. What seasons go along with solstice and equinox? Position B

8-4.6: 45. The size of the gravitational force between two objects depends on their. a. Frictional forces b. Inertia c. Speed and direction d. Masses and the distance between them 46. Which object has greater gravitational effect on Earth s tides? a. The moon b. The sun c. Venus d. The space station 47. What kind of force has the most influence in causing iron and nickel to form the core of Earth? a. Friction b. Volume c. Gravity d. Inertia 48. The more massive the object, the stronger the gravitational force. Where would an elephant experience the greatest gravitational force? a. On Earth b. On Jupiter c. On the Sun d. On the Moon 49. A planet is discovered that is the same size as Earth, but the planet has twice the mass of Earth. How would that affect the gravitational pull that planet would have on you? a. It would be the same b. It would be less c. It would be more d. It would be half 50. The force that keeps the planets in an elliptical orbit around the Sun is the. a. Balanced force between each planet b. Elliptical orbit of each planet c. Gravitational pull of the Sun d. Magnetic attraction between the planets 8-4.7: 51. (8-4.7) The Sun s gravity and a planet s inertia a. Allows the planets to continually rotate b. Creates the high and low tides c. Forces the planets to move in an ellipse d. Propels meteoroids in the solar system 52. The gravitational pull of the Moon has a greater effect than the gravitational pull of the Sun on Earth s tides. This is because. a. The sun is closer to Earth b. The Moon is closer to Earth c. The Sun is larger than the Moon d. Earth is larger than the Moon 53. (8-4.7) Besides the sun s gravitational attraction, what else keeps the planets in motion. a. Gravity b. Force c. Inertia d. Mass 54. (8-4.7) When the Earth, Sun, and Moon are perpendicular a. A lunar eclipse occurs b. A neap tide occurs c. A spring tide occurs d. A solar eclipse occurs 55. (8-4.7) During a Spring Tide, the high tides are and the low tides are. a. Higher, Higher b. Higher, Lower c. Lower, Higher d. Lower, Lower 56. (8-4.7) Which phenomena occur as a result of the gravitational attraction between the moon and Earth? a. eclipses b. ocean tides c. phases of the moon d. seasonal changes

8-4.8: 57. If an astronaut could land on Jupiter, her would increase. a. Mass b. Speed c. Weight d. Matter 58. Which has the greatest mass? a. Pillow b. Orange c. Beach ball d. Bowling ball 59. The mass of an object is the measure of how much it contains. a. Force b. Matter c. Gravity d. Motion 60. When you stand on a scale, the scale is measuring. a. The amount of matter in your body b. Your mass compared to Earth s mass c. The force of attraction between you and Earth d. Whether the forces between your body and Earth are balanced 61. Kyle has a mass of 54 kg. If he were on a spaceship traveling far out into space, how much would his mass be? a. 54 kg b. 5.4 g c. 0.54 kg d. 0 kg 62. An object s weight depends on the force of gravity acting on the object. The stronger the gravitational force, the more an object will weigh. Where on Earth would you weigh the least? a. At Death Valley below sea level b. On a ship on the ocean c. At the beach d. On a very high mountain 8-4.9: 63. (8-4.9) A light year is classified as a a. The distance at which light is no longer seen b. The distance light travels in one Earth year c. The time it takes the Sun s light to reach Earth d. The time it takes light to travel to another star 64. (8-4.9) The classification of the galaxy in the picture is a a. Elliptical Galaxy b. Irregular Galaxy c. Spherical Galaxy d. Spiral Galaxy 65. (8-4.1/4.9) Which of the following correctly lists the structures in space from smallest to largest? a. star, galaxy, solar system, universe b. star, solar system, galaxy, universe c. star, solar system, universe, galaxy d. star, universe, solar system, galaxy 66. (8-4.9) The classification of the galaxy in the picture is a e. Elliptical Galaxy f. Irregular Galaxy g. Spherical Galaxy h. Spiral Galaxy 67. In which galaxy do we live? a. Great Spiral galaxy b. Andromeda galaxy c. Milky Way Galaxy d. Local Group galaxy 68. Galaxies are different from solar systems because they are made up of. a. Billions of stars b. Billions of planets c. Gas giant planets d. Mostly gas clouds 69. A galaxy is a collection of stars, gas, and. a. Dust b. Ice c. Liquid eater d. Wind currents

8-4.10: 70. (8-4.10) collect the light from distant stars and separate that light into bands of different colors. This allows astronomers identify the elements in a star and analyze how they are moving. a. Optical telescopes b. Space probes c. Spectroscopes d. Visible light telescopes 71. (8-4.10) The surface of Mars, the atmosphere of Jupiter, water spewing from the rings of Saturn, photographs of many of the other eight planets in the solar system: all valuable information collected by a. manned space craft. b. satellite imaging. c. space probes. d. X-ray telescopes. 72. are placed in orbit around Earth with special instruments and telescopes that collect information from space which is sent back to Earth where it is interpreted. e. Optical telescopes f. Space probes g. Spectroscopes h. Satellite 73. receive radio waves emitted from objects in space, including waves from very distant stars and galaxies; it can receive information in any weather and during day or night. i. Optical telescopes j. Space probes k. Spectroscopes l. Radio telescope 74. Refracting and reflecting collect visible light, then use convex lenses or mirrors to focus the light producing larger, brighter images of distant objects in space. m. Optical telescopes n. Space probes o. Spectroscopes p. Radio telescope