Chapter 6 Formation of Planetary Systems Our Solar System and Beyond
|
|
- Deborah Richardson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 6 Formation of Planetary Systems Our Solar System and Beyond
2 The solar system exhibits clear patterns of composition and motion.
3 Sun Over 99.9% of solar system s mass Made mostly of H/He gas (plasma) Converts 4 million tons of mass into energy each second
4 Mercury Made of metal and rock; large iron core Desolate, cratered; long, tall, steep cliffs Very hot and very cold: 425 C (day), 170 C (night)
5 Venus Nearly identical in size to Earth; surface hidden by clouds Hellish conditions due to an extreme greenhouse effect Even hotter than Mercury: 470 C, day and night
6 Earth Earth and Moon to scale An oasis of life The only surface liquid water in the solar system A surprisingly large moon
7 Mars Looks almost Earth-like Giant volcanoes, a huge canyon, polar caps, and more Water flowed in the distant past
8 Jupiter Much farther from Sun than inner planets Mostly H/He; no solid surface 300 times more massive than Earth Many moons, rings
9 Io (shown here): Active volcanoes all over Europa: Possible subsurface ocean Ganymede: Largest moon in solar system Callisto: A large, cratered ice ball Jupiter s moons can be as interesting as planets themselves, especially Jupiter s four Galilean moons
10 Saturn Giant and gaseous like Jupiter Spectacular rings Many moons, including cloudy Titan Cassini spacecraft currently studying it
11 Rings are NOT solid; they are made of countless small chunks of ice and rock, each orbiting like a tiny moon. Artist s conception The Rings of Saturn
12 Uranus Smaller than Jupiter/Saturn; much larger than Earth Made of H/He gas and hydrogen compounds (H 2 O, NH 3, CH 4 ) Extreme axis tilt Moons and rings
13 Neptune Similar to Uranus (except for axis tilt) Many moons (including Triton)
14 Pluto Much smaller than other planets Icy, comet-like composition Pluto s moon Charon is similar in size to Pluto
15 Which planets have a rocky, relatively dense composition? 1. Jupiter, Saturn, Earth, and Mars 2. Uranus, Neptune, Earth, and Mars 3. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune 4. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
16 What features of our solar system provide clues to how it formed?
17 Motion of Large Bodies All large bodies in the solar system orbit in the same direction and in nearly the same plane. Most also rotate in that direction.
18 Two Major Planet Types
19 Swarms of Smaller Bodies
20 Notable Exceptions
21 What theory best explains the features of our solar system?
22 According to the nebular theory, our solar system formed from a giant cloud of interstellar gas. (nebula = cloud)
23 Galactic Recycling Elements that formed planets were made in stars and then recycled through interstellar space.
24 Evidence from Other Gas Clouds We can see stars forming in other interstellar gas clouds, lending support to the nebular theory. The Orion Nebula with Proplyds
25 Most of the solar system s planets: 1. Are made of rocks and minerals 2. Are made of gas 3. Revolve (orbit) around the Sun in the same direction 4. Rotate in the same direction as they orbit the Sun 5. 3 and 4
26 Why do we think the inner (terrestrial) planets became more dense than the outer planets? 1. In the collapsing solar nebula, denser materials sank toward the center 2. The sun s gravity pulled denser materials toward the center 3. The inner nebula was so hot that only metals and rocks were able to condense 4. The rotating disk in which the planets formed spun lighter elements outward by centrifugal force
27 What do we think the composition of the solar nebula was? 1. About half hydrogen and helium, half heavier elements (iron, carbon, silicon, etc.) 2. About 98% hydrogen and helium, and 2% heavier elements 3. A less hydrogen and helium, more heavier elements
28 Orbital and Rotational Properties of the Planets
29 Conservation of Angular Momentum
30 Collapse of the Solar Nebula Rotation of a contracting cloud speeds up for the same reason a skater speeds up as she pulls in her arms.
31 Flattening Collisions between particles in the cloud caused it to flatten into a disk.
32 Formation of Circular Orbits Collisions between gas particles in a cloud gradually reduce random motions.
33 Why does the Disk Flatten? Collisions between gas particles also reduce up and down motions.
34 Formation of the Protoplanetary Disk The spinning cloud flattens as it shrinks.
35 Disks Around Other Stars Observations of disks around other stars support the nebular hypothesis.
36 Why are there two major types of planets?
37 Conservation of Energy As gravity causes the cloud to contract, it heats up. Collapse of the Solar Nebula
38 Inner parts of the disk are hotter than outer parts. Rock can be solid at much higher temperatures than ice. Temperature Distribution of the Disk and the Frost Line
39 Fig 9.5 Inside the frost line: Too hot for hydrogen compounds to form ices Outside the frost line: Cold enough for ices to form
40 Tiny solid particles stick to form planetesimals. Summary of the Condensates in the Protoplanetary Disk
41 Gravity draws planetesimals together to form planets. This process of assembly is called accretion. Summary of the Condensates in the Protoplanetary Disk
42 Accretion of Planetesimals Many smaller objects collected into just a few large ones.
43 The gravity of rock and ice in jovian planets draws in H and He gases. Nebular Capture and the Formation of the Jovian Planets
44 Moons of jovian planets form in miniature disks.
45 The Solar Wind Radiation and outflowing matter from the Sun the solar wind blew away the leftover gases.
46 Asteroids and Comets Leftovers from the accretion process Rocky asteroids inside frost line Icy comets outside frost line
47 Heavy Bombardment Leftover planetesimals bombarded other objects in the late stages of solar system formation.
48 When the first solid bits in the solar nebula became large enough to be called planetesimals, what began to increase their growth rate? 1. Gravity 2. They were mostly made of sticky stuff 3. Electrical forces ( static electricity ) 4. Pressure 5. Ice
49 Why could the Jovian planets grow to be much larger than the terrestrial 1. They were further from the Sun and gravity was weaker 2. They formed beyond the frost line where ices can condense so they included hydrogen compounds 3. They were far enough from the Sun to escape the heavy bombardment that battered the early solar system planets?
50 Origin of Earth s Water Water may have come to Earth by way of icy planetesimals from the outer solar system.
51 How do we explain the existence of our Moon and other exceptions to the rules?
52 Captured Moons The unusual moons of some planets may be captured planetesimals.
53 Giant Impact Giant impact stripped matter from Earth s s crust Stripped matter began to orbit Then accreted into Moon
54 Odd Rotation Giant impacts might also explain the different rotation axes of some planets.
55 What is the solar wind? 1. Strong radiation that comes from the Sun 2. Similar to winds on earth but faster and stronger 3. Similar to winds on earth but less dense and weaker 4. Atoms and parts of atoms ejected from the Sun at high speed
56 What do we think happened to the solar nebula after the planets formed? 1. The gas was all used up 2. The rest of the gas gradually drifted away 3. The solar wind helped blow the gas away 4. The gas is still there we just can t see it.
57 Where do asteroids come from? 1. A planet between Mars and Jupiter that broke up 2. They are escaped small moons 3. Leftover planetesimals from the inner solar system 4. Leftover planetesimals from the outer solar system
58 Where do comets come from? 1. A planet between Mars and Jupiter that broke up 2. They are escaped small moons 3. Leftover planetesimals from the inner solar system 4. Leftover planetesimals from the outer solar system
59 How would the solar system be different if the solar nebula had cooled with a temperature half its current value? 1. Jovian planets would have formed closer to the Sun. 2. There would be no asteroids. 3. There would be no comets. 4. Terrestrial planets would be larger.
60 Which of these facts is NOT explained by the nebular theory? 1. There are two main types of planets: terrestrial and jovian. 2. Planets orbit in the same direction and plane. 3. Asteroids and comets exist. 4. There are four terrestrial and four jovian planets.
61 When did the planets form? We cannot find the age of a planet, but we can find the ages of the rocks that make it up. We can determine the age of a rock through careful analysis of the proportions of various atoms and isotopes within it.
62 Radioactive Decay Some isotopes decay into other nuclei. A half-life is the time for half the nuclei in a substance to decay.
63 Suppose you find a rock originally made of potassium-40, half of which decays into argon-40 every 1.25 billion years. You open the rock and find 15 atoms of argon-40 for every atom of potassium-40. How long ago did the rock form? billion years ago billion years ago billion years ago 4. 5 billion years ago
64 Dating the Solar System Age dating of meteorites that are unchanged since they condensed and accreted tells us that the solar system is about 4.6 billion years old.
65 Planet Detection Direct: Pictures or spectra of the planets themselves Indirect: Measurements of stellar properties revealing the effects of orbiting planets
66 Gravitational Tugs The Sun and Jupiter orbit around their common center of mass. The Sun therefore wobbles around that center of mass with the same period as Jupiter. Stellar Motion due to Planetary Orbits
67 Gravitational Tugs Sun s motion around solar system s center of mass depends on tugs from all the planets. Astronomers who measured this motion around other stars could determine masses and orbits of all the planets.
68 Astrometric Technique We can detect planets by measuring the change in a star s position in the sky. However, these tiny motions are very difficult to measure (~0.001 arcsecond).
69 Doppler Technique Oscillation of a Star's Absorption Line
70 First Extrasolar Planet Detected Doppler shifts of star 51 Pegasi indirectly reveal planet with 4- day orbital period Short period means small orbital distance First extrasolar planet to be discovered (1995)
71 First Extrasolar Planet Detected The planet around 51 Pegasi has a mass similar to Jupiter s, despite its small orbital distance.
72 How can the Doppler shift be used to search for planets around other stars? 1. Astronomers look for a periodic, red-then-blue shift in the spectrum of the planet 2. Astronomers look for a periodic, red-then-blue shift in the spectrum of the star 3. Astronomers look to see if the star wobbles in the sky, shifting slightly back and forth
73 How do astronomers look for planets whose orbits might cause them to pass in front of a star outside our solar system? 1. They look for a small black dot passing in front of the star 2. The look to see if the star s position shifts or wobbles slightly in the sky 3. The measure the star s brightness, and look for periodic dimming ( transits )
74 Suppose you found a star with the same mass as the Sun moving back and forth with a period of 16 months. What could you conclude? 1. It has a planet orbiting at less than 1 AU. 2. It has a planet orbiting at greater than 1 AU. 3. It has a planet orbiting at exactly 1 AU. 4. It has a planet, but we do not have enough information to know its orbital distance.
75 Transits and Eclipses A transit is when a planet crosses in front of a star. The resulting eclipse reduces the star s apparent brightness and tells us the planet s radius. When there is no orbital tilt, an accurate measurement of planet mass can be obtained. Planetary Transits
76 Direct Detection Special techniques for concentrating or eliminating bright starlight are enabling the direct detection of planets.
77 Measurable Properties Orbital period, distance, and shape Planet mass, size, and density Composition
78 Orbits of Extrasolar Planets Most of the detected planets have greater mass than Jupiter. Planets with smaller masses are harder to detect with the Doppler technique.
79 Planets: Common or Rare? One in ten stars examined so far have turned out to have planets. The others may still have smaller (Earthsized) planets that cannot be detected using current techniques.
80 Surprising Characteristics Some extrasolar planets have highly elliptical orbits. Some massive planets orbit very close to their stars: Hot Jupiters.
81 Hot Jupiters
82 Revisiting the Nebular Theory Nebular theory predicts that massive Jupiter-like planets should not form inside the frost line (at << 5 AU). The discovery of hot Jupiters has forced a reexamination of nebular theory. Planetary migration or gravitational encounters may explain hot Jupiters.
83 Planetary Migration A young planet s motion can create waves in a planetforming disk. Models show that matter in these waves can tug on a planet, causing its orbit to migrate inward.
84 Gravitational Encounters Close gravitational encounters between two massive planets can eject one planet while flinging the other into a highly elliptical orbit. Multiple close encounters with smaller planetesimals can also cause inward migration.
85 What happens in a gravitational encounter that allows a planet s orbit to move inward? 1. It transfers energy and angular momentum to another object. 2. The gravity of the other object forces the planet to move inward. 3. It gains mass from the other object, causing its gravitational pull to become stronger.
86 Modifying the Nebular Theory Observations of extrasolar planets have shown that the nebular theory was incomplete. Effects like planet migration and gravitational encounters might be more important than previously thought.
Chapter 7 Our Planetary System. What does the solar system look like? Thought Question How does the Earth-Sun distance compare with the Sun s radius
Chapter 7 Our Planetary System 7.1 Studying the Solar System Our goals for learning:! What does the solar system look like?! What can we learn by comparing the planets to one another?! What are the major
More informationChapter 8 Formation of the Solar System. What theory best explains the features of our solar system? Close Encounter Hypothesis
Chapter 8 Formation of the Solar System What properties of our solar system must a formation theory explain? 1. Patterns of motion of the large bodies Orbit in same direction and plane 2. Existence of
More informationOur Planetary System. Earth, as viewed by the Voyager spacecraft. 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Our Planetary System Earth, as viewed by the Voyager spacecraft 7.1 Studying the Solar System Our goals for learning: What does the solar system look like? What can we learn by comparing the planets to
More informationChapter 8 Welcome to the Solar System
Chapter 8 Welcome to the Solar System 8.1 The Search for Origins What properties of our solar system must a formation theory explain? What theory best explains the features of our solar system? What properties
More informationChapter 7 Our Planetary System. Agenda. Intro Astronomy. Intro Astronomy. What does the solar system look like? A. General Basics
Chapter 7 Our Planetary System Agenda Pass back & discuss Test 2 Where we are (at) Ch. 7 Our Planetary System Finish Einstein s Big Idea Earth, as viewed by the Voyager spacecraft A. General Basics Intro
More informationChapter 8 Formation of the Solar System Agenda
Chapter 8 Formation of the Solar System Agenda Announce: Mercury Transit Part 2 of Projects due next Thursday Ch. 8 Formation of the Solar System Philip on The Physics of Star Trek Radiometric Dating Lab
More informationSolar System Formation
Solar System Formation Solar System Formation Question: How did our solar system and other planetary systems form? Comparative planetology has helped us understand Compare the differences and similarities
More informationSummary: Four Major Features of our Solar System
Summary: Four Major Features of our Solar System How did the solar system form? According to the nebular theory, our solar system formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant cloud of interstellar
More informationLecture 10 Formation of the Solar System January 6c, 2014
1 Lecture 10 Formation of the Solar System January 6c, 2014 2 Orbits of the Planets 3 Clues for the Formation of the SS All planets orbit in roughly the same plane about the Sun. All planets orbit in the
More informationThe Layout of the Solar System
The Layout of the Solar System Planets fall into two main categories Terrestrial (i.e. Earth-like) Jovian (i.e. Jupiter-like or gaseous) [~5000 kg/m 3 ] [~1300 kg/m 3 ] What is density? Average density
More informationClass 2 Solar System Characteristics Formation Exosolar Planets
Class 1 Introduction, Background History of Modern Astronomy The Night Sky, Eclipses and the Seasons Kepler's Laws Newtonian Gravity General Relativity Matter and Light Telescopes Class 2 Solar System
More informationLecture 7 Formation of the Solar System. Nebular Theory. Origin of the Solar System. Origin of the Solar System. The Solar Nebula
Origin of the Solar System Lecture 7 Formation of the Solar System Reading: Chapter 9 Quiz#2 Today: Lecture 60 minutes, then quiz 20 minutes. Homework#1 will be returned on Thursday. Our theory must explain
More informationUNIT V. Earth and Space. Earth and the Solar System
UNIT V Earth and Space Chapter 9 Earth and the Solar System EARTH AND OTHER PLANETS A solar system contains planets, moons, and other objects that orbit around a star or the star system. The solar system
More informationIntroduction to the Solar System
Introduction to the Solar System Lesson Objectives Describe some early ideas about our solar system. Name the planets, and describe their motion around the Sun. Explain how the solar system formed. Introduction
More informationThe Main Point. Lecture #34: Solar System Origin II. Chemical Condensation ( Lewis ) Model. How did the solar system form? Reading: Chapter 8.
Lecture #34: Solar System Origin II How did the solar system form? Chemical Condensation ("Lewis") Model. Formation of the Terrestrial Planets. Formation of the Giant Planets. Planetary Evolution. Reading:
More information4 HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED 750L
4 HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED 750L HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED A CLOSE LOOK AT THE PLANETS ORBITING OUR SUN By Cynthia Stokes Brown, adapted by Newsela Planets come from the clouds of gas and dust that
More information2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. The Jovian Planets
The Jovian Planets The Jovian planets are gas giants - much larger than Earth Sizes of Jovian Planets Planets get larger as they get more massive up to a point... Planets more massive than Jupiter are
More informationLecture 7: Formation of the Solar System
Lecture 7: Formation of the Solar System Dust and debris disk around Fomalhaut, with embedded young planet! Claire Max April 24 th, 2014 Astro 18: Planets and Planetary Systems UC Santa Cruz Solar System
More informationSolar System Overview
Solar System Overview Planets: Four inner planets, Terrestrial planets Four outer planets, Jovian planets Asteroids: Minor planets (planetesimals) Meteroids: Chucks of rocks (smaller than asteroids) (Mercury,
More informationNOTES: GEORGIA HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE TEST THE SOLAR SYSTEM
NOTES: GEORGIA HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE TEST THE SOLAR SYSTEM 1.What is a Solar system? A solar system consists of: * one central star, the Sun and * nine planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,
More informationL3: The formation of the Solar System
credit: NASA L3: The formation of the Solar System UCL Certificate of astronomy Dr. Ingo Waldmann A stable home The presence of life forms elsewhere in the Universe requires a stable environment where
More information1 A Solar System Is Born
CHAPTER 3 1 A Solar System Is Born SECTION Formation of the Solar System BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is a nebula? How did our solar system
More informationSolar Nebula Theory. Basic properties of the Solar System that need to be explained:
Solar Nebula Theory Basic properties of the Solar System that need to be explained: 1. All planets orbit the Sun in the same direction as the Sun s rotation 2. All planetary orbits are confined to the
More informationUnit 8 Lesson 2 Gravity and the Solar System
Unit 8 Lesson 2 Gravity and the Solar System Gravity What is gravity? Gravity is a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses and the distances between them. Every object in the universe
More informationScience Standard 4 Earth in Space Grade Level Expectations
Science Standard 4 Earth in Space Grade Level Expectations Science Standard 4 Earth in Space Our Solar System is a collection of gravitationally interacting bodies that include Earth and the Moon. Universal
More informationChapter 12 Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets. Asteroid Facts. What are asteroids like? Asteroids with Moons. 12.1 Asteroids and Meteorites
Chapter 12 Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets Their Nature, Orbits, and Impacts What are asteroids like? 12.1 Asteroids and Meteorites Our goals for learning:! What are asteroids like?! Why is there
More informationLecture 12: The Solar System Briefly
Lecture 12: The Solar System Briefly Formation of the Moonhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpOKztEiMqo&feature =related Formation of our Solar System Conservation of Angular Momentum Why are the larger,
More informationastronomy 2008 1. A planet was viewed from Earth for several hours. The diagrams below represent the appearance of the planet at four different times.
1. A planet was viewed from Earth for several hours. The diagrams below represent the appearance of the planet at four different times. 5. If the distance between the Earth and the Sun were increased,
More informationWelcome to Class 4: Our Solar System (and a bit of cosmology at the start) Remember: sit only in the first 10 rows of the room
Welcome to Class 4: Our Solar System (and a bit of cosmology at the start) Remember: sit only in the first 10 rows of the room What is the difference between dark ENERGY and dark MATTER? Is Earth unique,
More informationTHE SOLAR SYSTEM - EXERCISES 1
THE SOLAR SYSTEM - EXERCISES 1 THE SUN AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM Name the planets in their order from the sun. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The asteroid belt is between and Which planet has the most moons? About how many?
More information4 HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED 890L
4 HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED 890L HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED A CLOSE LOOK AT THE PLANETS ORBITING OUR SUN By Cynthia Stokes Brown, adapted by Newsela Planets are born from the clouds of gas and dust
More informationSolar System Fundamentals. What is a Planet? Planetary orbits Planetary temperatures Planetary Atmospheres Origin of the Solar System
Solar System Fundamentals What is a Planet? Planetary orbits Planetary temperatures Planetary Atmospheres Origin of the Solar System Properties of Planets What is a planet? Defined finally in August 2006!
More informationAssignment 5. Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Assignment 5 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What is the single most important reason that astronomers have learned more
More information4 HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED 1020L
4 HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED 1020L HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED A CLOSE LOOK AT THE PLANETS ORBITING OUR SUN By Cynthia Stokes Brown, adapted by Newsela Planets are born from the clouds of gas and dust
More informationRelated Standards and Background Information
Related Standards and Background Information Earth Patterns, Cycles and Changes This strand focuses on student understanding of patterns in nature, natural cycles, and changes that occur both quickly and
More informationThe Solar System. Unit 4 covers the following framework standards: ES 10 and PS 11. Content was adapted the following:
Unit 4 The Solar System Chapter 7 ~ The History of the Solar System o Section 1 ~ The Formation of the Solar System o Section 2 ~ Observing the Solar System Chapter 8 ~ The Parts the Solar System o Section
More informationHow did the Solar System form?
How did the Solar System form? Is our solar system unique? Are there other Earth-like planets, or are we a fluke? Under what conditions can Earth-like planets form? Is life common or rare? Ways to Find
More informationDE2410: Learning Objectives. SOLAR SYSTEM Formation, Evolution and Death. Solar System: To Size Scale. Learning Objectives : This Lecture
DE2410: Learning Objectives SOLAR SYSTEM Formation, Evolution and Death To become aware of our planet, solar system, and the Universe To know about how these objects and structures were formed, are evolving
More information1.1 A Modern View of the Universe" Our goals for learning: What is our place in the universe?"
Chapter 1 Our Place in the Universe 1.1 A Modern View of the Universe What is our place in the universe? What is our place in the universe? How did we come to be? How can we know what the universe was
More informationThe spectacular eruption of a volcano, the magnificent scenery of a
Section 1.1 1.1 What Is Earth Science 1 FOCUS Section Objectives 1.1 Define Earth science. 1.2 Describe the formation of Earth and the solar system. Build Vocabulary Word Parts Ask students to use a dictionary
More informationThe Solar System. Source http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/starchild/solar_system_level1/solar_system.html
The Solar System What is the solar system? It is our Sun and everything that travels around it. Our solar system is elliptical in shape. That means it is shaped like an egg. Earth s orbit is nearly circular.
More information7. Our Solar System. Planetary Orbits to Scale. The Eight Planetary Orbits
7. Our Solar System Terrestrial & Jovian planets Seven large satellites [moons] Chemical composition of the planets Asteroids & comets The Terrestrial & Jovian Planets Four small terrestrial planets Like
More informationLecture 19: Planet Formation I. Clues from the Solar System
Lecture 19: Planet Formation I. Clues from the Solar System 1 Outline The Solar System:! Terrestrial planets! Jovian planets! Asteroid belt, Kuiper belt, Oort cloud Condensation and growth of solid bodies
More informationSolar System Fact Sheet
Solar System Fact Sheet (Source: http://solarsystem.nasa.gov; http://solarviews.com) The Solar System Categories Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Rocky or Gas Rocky Rocky Rocky Rocky
More informationPlanets beyond the solar system
Planets beyond the solar system Review of our solar system Why search How to search Eclipses Motion of parent star Doppler Effect Extrasolar planet discoveries A star is 5 parsecs away, what is its parallax?
More informationStudy Guide due Friday, 1/29
NAME: Astronomy Study Guide asteroid chromosphere comet corona ellipse Galilean moons VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW geocentric system meteor gravity meteorite greenhouse effect meteoroid heliocentric system
More informationAsteroids. Earth. Asteroids. Earth Distance from sun: 149,600,000 kilometers (92,960,000 miles) Diameter: 12,756 kilometers (7,926 miles) dotted line
Image taken by NASA Asteroids About 6,000 asteroids have been discovered; several hundred more are found each year. There are likely hundreds of thousands more that are too small to be seen from Earth.
More information165 points. Name Date Period. Column B a. Cepheid variables b. luminosity c. RR Lyrae variables d. Sagittarius e. variable stars
Name Date Period 30 GALAXIES AND THE UNIVERSE SECTION 30.1 The Milky Way Galaxy In your textbook, read about discovering the Milky Way. (20 points) For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching
More informationCosmic Journey: A Solar System Adventure General Information
Cosmic Journey: A Solar System Adventure General Information Imagine it a huge spiral galaxy containing hundreds of billions of stars, spiraling out from a galactic center. Nestled deep within one of the
More informationASTR 100. Lecture 14: Formation of the Solar System and A Brief History of Space Exploration
ASTR 100 Lecture 14: Formation of the Solar System and A Brief History of Space Exploration Reading: Formation of SS (Ch. 6), The Sun (Ch. 10) Friday: Quiz and Ex. 4 due Tuesday: Feb 18 th : Midterm Done
More informationDESCRIPTION ACADEMIC STANDARDS INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS VOCABULARY BEFORE SHOWING. Subject Area: Science
DESCRIPTION Host Tom Selleck conducts a stellar tour of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto--the outer planets of Earth's solar system. Information from the Voyager space probes plus computer models
More informationVagabonds of the Solar System. Chapter 17
Vagabonds of the Solar System Chapter 17 ASTR 111 003 Fall 2006 Lecture 13 Nov. 27, 2006 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-17) Ch7: Comparative
More informationLesson 6: Earth and the Moon
Lesson 6: Earth and the Moon Reading Assignment Chapter 7.1: Overall Structure of Planet Earth Chapter 7.3: Earth s Interior More Precisely 7-2: Radioactive Dating Chapter 7.5: Earth s Magnetosphere Chapter
More informationSGL 101 MATERIALS OF THE EARTH Lecture 1 C.M.NYAMAI LECTURE 1. 1.0 ORIGIN, STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH
LECTURE 1. 1.0 ORIGIN, STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH 1.1 INTRODUCTION. Welcome to Lecture 1 of this unit. To start with, stop and look around you wherever you are. Take a look at all the things
More informationChapter 9 Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets. Their Nature, Orbits, and Impacts
Chapter 9 Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets Their Nature, Orbits, and Impacts Asteroid Facts Asteroids are rocky leftovers of planet formation. The largest is Ceres, diameter ~1,000 km. There are 150,000
More informationLecture 23: Terrestrial Worlds in Comparison. This lecture compares and contrasts the properties and evolution of the 5 main terrestrial bodies.
Lecture 23: Terrestrial Worlds in Comparison Astronomy 141 Winter 2012 This lecture compares and contrasts the properties and evolution of the 5 main terrestrial bodies. The small terrestrial planets have
More informationScience 9 Worksheet 13-1 The Solar System
Name Date Due Date Science 9 Read pages 264-287 of SP to help you answer the following questions: Also, go to a school computer connected to the internet. Go to Mr. Colgur s Webpage at http://sd67.bc.ca/teachers/dcolgur
More informationName: João Fernando Alves da Silva Class: 7-4 Number: 10
Name: João Fernando Alves da Silva Class: 7-4 Number: 10 What is the constitution of the Solar System? The Solar System is constituted not only by planets, which have satellites, but also by thousands
More informationA: Planets. Q: Which of the following objects would NOT be described as a small body: asteroids, meteoroids, comets, planets?
Q: Which of the following objects would NOT be described as a small body: asteroids, meteoroids, comets, planets? A: Planets Q: What can we learn by studying small bodies of the solar system? A: We can
More informationName Class Date. true
Exercises 131 The Falling Apple (page 233) 1 Describe the legend of Newton s discovery that gravity extends throughout the universe According to legend, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree and realized
More informationGrade 6 Standard 3 Unit Test A Astronomy. 1. The four inner planets are rocky and small. Which description best fits the next four outer planets?
Grade 6 Standard 3 Unit Test A Astronomy Multiple Choice 1. The four inner planets are rocky and small. Which description best fits the next four outer planets? A. They are also rocky and small. B. They
More informationStudy Guide: Solar System
Study Guide: Solar System 1. How many planets are there in the solar system? 2. What is the correct order of all the planets in the solar system? 3. Where can a comet be located in the solar system? 4.
More informationChapter 1 Our Place in the Universe
Chapter 1 Our Place in the Universe Syllabus 4 tests: June 18, June 30, July 10, July 21 Comprehensive Final - check schedule Website link on blackboard 1.1 Our Modern View of the Universe Our goals for
More informationA SOLAR SYSTEM COLORING BOOK
A SOLAR SYSTEM COLORING BOOK Brought to you by: THE SUN Size: The Sun is wider than 100 Earths. 1 Temperature: 27,000,000 F in the center, 10,000 F at the surface. So that s REALLY hot anywhere on the
More informationCHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
reflect Our solar system is made up of thousands of objects, at the center of which is a star, the Sun. The objects beyond the Sun include 8 planets, at least 5 dwarf planets, and more than 170 moons.
More informationCalifornia Standards Grades 9 12 Boardworks 2009 Science Contents Standards Mapping
California Standards Grades 912 Boardworks 2009 Science Contents Standards Mapping Earth Sciences Earth s Place in the Universe 1. Astronomy and planetary exploration reveal the solar system s structure,
More informationKINDERGARTEN 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES
KINDERGARTEN 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES UNIVERSE CYCLE OVERVIEW OF KINDERGARTEN UNIVERSE WEEK 1. PRE: Discovering misconceptions of the Universe. LAB: Comparing size and distances in space. POST:
More informationChapter 1: Our Place in the Universe. 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Chapter 1: Our Place in the Universe Topics Our modern view of the universe The scale of the universe Cinema graphic tour of the local universe Spaceship earth 1.1 A Modern View of the Universe Our goals
More informationThe Expanding Universe
Stars, Galaxies, Guided Reading and Study This section explains how astronomers think the universe and the solar system formed. Use Target Reading Skills As you read about the evidence that supports the
More informationTO GO TO ANY OF THE PAGES LISTED BELOW, CLICK ON ITS TITLE
TO GO TO ANY OF THE PAGES LISTED BELOW, CLICK ON ITS TITLE CHAPTER 17 The Solar System 1 17-1 What is the solar system? 2 17-2 What do we know about orbits? 3 Comparing Planetary Revolutions Enrichment
More informationExplain the Big Bang Theory and give two pieces of evidence which support it.
Name: Key OBJECTIVES Correctly define: asteroid, celestial object, comet, constellation, Doppler effect, eccentricity, eclipse, ellipse, focus, Foucault Pendulum, galaxy, geocentric model, heliocentric
More informationThe Solar System. Olivia Paquette
The Solar System Olivia Paquette Table of Contents The Sun 1 Mercury 2,3 Venus 4,5 Earth 6,7 Mars 8,9 Jupiter 10,11 Saturn 12 Uranus 13 Neptune Pluto 14 15 Glossary. 16 The Sun Although it may seem like
More informationWeek 1-2: Overview of the Universe & the View from the Earth
Week 1-2: Overview of the Universe & the View from the Earth Hassen M. Yesuf (hyesuf@ucsc.edu) September 29, 2011 1 Lecture summary Protein molecules, the building blocks of a living organism, are made
More informationGeorgia Performance Standards Framework for Science Grade 6. Unit Organizer: UNIVERSE AND SOLAR SYSTEM (Approximate Time 3 Weeks)
The following instructional plan is part of a GaDOE collection of Unit Frameworks, Performance Tasks, examples of Student Work, and Teacher Commentary. Many more GaDOE approved instructional plans are
More informationCHAPTER 6 THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS
CHAPTER 6 THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is NOT one of the four stages in the development of a terrestrial planet? 2. That Earth, evidence that Earth differentiated.
More informationChapter 15.3 Galaxy Evolution
Chapter 15.3 Galaxy Evolution Elliptical Galaxies Spiral Galaxies Irregular Galaxies Are there any connections between the three types of galaxies? How do galaxies form? How do galaxies evolve? P.S. You
More informationSTUDY GUIDE: Earth Sun Moon
The Universe is thought to consist of trillions of galaxies. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, has billions of stars. One of those stars is our Sun. Our solar system consists of the Sun at the center, and all
More informationSolar System. 1. The diagram below represents a simple geocentric model. Which object is represented by the letter X?
Solar System 1. The diagram below represents a simple geocentric model. Which object is represented by the letter X? A) Earth B) Sun C) Moon D) Polaris 2. Which object orbits Earth in both the Earth-centered
More informationThe Earth, Sun, and Moon
reflect The Sun and Moon are Earth s constant companions. We bask in the Sun s heat and light. It provides Earth s energy, and life could not exist without it. We rely on the Moon to light dark nights.
More informationVoyage: A Journey through our Solar System. Grades 5-8. Lesson 1: Our Solar System
Voyage: A Journey through our Solar System Grades 5-8 Lesson 1: Our Solar System On October 17, 2001, a one to ten billion scale model of the Solar System was permanently installed on the National Mall
More informationThe Birth of the Universe Newcomer Academy High School Visualization One
The Birth of the Universe Newcomer Academy High School Visualization One Chapter Topic Key Points of Discussion Notes & Vocabulary 1 Birth of The Big Bang Theory Activity 4A the How and when did the universe
More informationVoyage: A Journey through our Solar System. Grades 5-8. Lesson 1: Our Solar System
Voyage: A Journey through our Solar System Grades 5-8 Lesson 1: Our Solar System On a visit to the National Mall in Washington, DC, one can see monuments of a nation Memorials to Lincoln, Jefferson, and
More informationASTR 1010 Astronomy of the Solar System Professor Caillault Fall 2009 Semester Exam 3 Answers
ASTR 1010 Astronomy of the Solar System Professor Caillault Fall 2009 Semester Exam 3 Answers 1. Earth's atmosphere differs from those of near-neighbor planets, Venus and Mars, in one important respect
More informationA. 81 2 = 6561 times greater. B. 81 times greater. C. equally strong. D. 1/81 as great. E. (1/81) 2 = 1/6561 as great.
Q12.1 The mass of the Moon is 1/81 of the mass of the Earth. Compared to the gravitational force that the Earth exerts on the Moon, the gravitational force that the Moon exerts on the Earth is A. 81 2
More informationToday. Events. The Little Things. Asteroids & Comets. Dwarf Planets. Homework 5. Due in 1 week
Today The Little Things Asteroids & Comets Dwarf Planets Events Homework 5 Due in 1 week Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets: Their Nature, Orbits, and Impacts What are asteroids like? Asteroid traversing
More informationA Solar System Coloring Book
A Solar System Coloring Book Courtesy of the Windows to the Universe Project http://www.windows2universe.org The Sun Size: The Sun is wider than 100 Earths. Temperature: ~27,000,000 F in the center, ~10,000
More informationThe Hidden Lives of Galaxies. Jim Lochner, USRA & NASA/GSFC
The Hidden Lives of Galaxies Jim Lochner, USRA & NASA/GSFC What is a Galaxy? Solar System Distance from Earth to Sun = 93,000,000 miles = 8 light-minutes Size of Solar System = 5.5 light-hours What is
More informationLecture 13. Gravity in the Solar System
Lecture 13 Gravity in the Solar System Guiding Questions 1. How was the heliocentric model established? What are monumental steps in the history of the heliocentric model? 2. How do Kepler s three laws
More informationANSWER KEY. Chapter 22. 8. phase 9. spring 10. lunar 11. solar 12. gravity
Chapter 22 Section 22-1 Review and Reinforce (p. 11) 1. winter 2. At point A the sun would be directly overhead, at point B it would be on the horizon, and at point C it would not be visible because it
More informationModeling Galaxy Formation
Galaxy Evolution is the study of how galaxies form and how they change over time. As was the case with we can not observe an individual galaxy evolve but we can observe different galaxies at various stages
More informationLER 2891. Ages. Grades. Solar System. A fun game of thinking & linking!
Solar System Ages 7+ LER 2891 Grades 2+ Card Game A fun game of thinking & linking! Contents 45 Picture cards 45 Word cards 8 New Link cards 2 Super Link cards Setup Shuffle the two decks together to mix
More informationEarth Is Not the Center of the Universe
Earth Is Not the Center of the Universe Source: Utah State Office of Education Introduction Have you ever looked up at the night sky and wondered about all the pinpoint lights? People through the ages
More informationThe Sun and Solar Energy
I The Sun and Solar Energy One of the most important forces behind global change on Earth is over 90 million miles distant from the planet. The Sun is the ultimate, original source of the energy that drives
More informationPlanet Detection Techniques and Results (outline of lectures)
Planet Detection Techniques and Results (outline of lectures) These notes are meant to be read in conjunction with the lecture presentation. A pdf of the powerpoint presentation containing all the illustrations
More informationAre there Earth-like planets around other stars?
Cutting-edge science Are there Earth-like planets around other stars? Image courtesy of ESO Uffe Gråe Jørgensen from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, describes the search for Earth-like planets elsewhere
More informationWELCOME to Aurorae In the Solar System. J.E. Klemaszewski
WELCOME to Aurorae In the Solar System Aurorae in the Solar System Sponsoring Projects Galileo Europa Mission Jupiter System Data Analysis Program ACRIMSAT Supporting Projects Ulysses Project Outer Planets
More informationThe Earth, Sun & Moon. The Universe. The Earth, Sun & Moon. The Universe
Football Review- Earth, Moon, Sun 1. During a total solar eclipse, when almost all of the Sun's light traveling to the Earth is blocked by the Moon, what is the order of the Earth, Sun, and Moon? A. Moon,
More informationCopyright 2006, Astronomical Society of the Pacific
2 1 3 4 Diameter: 590 miles (950 km) Distance to Sun: 257 million miles (414 million km) Orbits: # 18 Composition: Outer layer probably ice and frozen ammonia, no Diameter: 750 miles (1200 km) Distance
More informationOrbital Dynamics. Orbital Dynamics 1/29/15
Orbital Dynamics Orbital Dynamics 1/29/15 Announcements Reading for next class Chapter 5: Sections 5.1-5.4 Homework #2 due next class (Tuesday, Feb. 3) Project #1 topic ideas due next Tuesday (Feb. 3)
More informationThe scale of the Universe, and an inventory
The scale of the Universe, and an inventory Space is big. You just won t believe how vastly, hugely, mind-bogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think it s a long way down the road to the chemist s, but
More information