http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidassetid=00fcd784-207e-4104-835b- E6BA6E09B336&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US# PHOTOSYNTHESIS PLANT CELLS 3 STAGES CHLOROPLAST 1- Capture Sunlight 2- Light Reaction 3- Dark Reaction Take in sunlight to make food In Thylakoid Membrane In Thylakoid Membrane In Stroma
2 types of organisms: 1. Heterotrophs- also known as consumers living organism that must eat to gain ENERGY Examples: 2. Autotrophs- also known as producers living organism that can make its own food usually through the process of photosynthesis Examples:
Photosynthesis: http://mass.pbslearningmedia.org/content/tdc02.sci.l ife.oate.lp_plantfood/#content/4dd2fa4aadd2c73bce 0056c2 the process of taking in sunlight energy to make your own food done by autotrophs occurs inside the chloroplast FORMULA IN WORDS: sunlight Carbon Dioxide + Water ---------- > Sugar + Oxygen CHEMICAL FORMULA: sunlight 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O ---------- > C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 The stuff to the LEFT of the -----------> are the REACTANTS The stuff to the RIGHT of the ---------> are the PRODUCTS Photosy nthesis.mp4
There are 3 stages of Photosynthesis: 1. Capture Sunlight 2. Light Reactions 3. Dark Reactions Stage 1: Capture Sunlight The chemical in plants that captures sunlight is called chlorophyll It is green in color, this is why plants look green! It is found inside the chloroplast embedded in the thylakoid membrane Q: Why do leaves change color in the fall (in New England)? A: In the fall, the temperature decreases causing chlorophyll to breakdown. Now that chlorophyll is gone, the other chemicals called carotenoids can show their colors, which are the reds, oranges & yellows. These chemicals were always inside the leaf, but because there was so much chlorophyll, you never got to see them! Once chlorophyll disappears, these carotenoids are now visible. WHAT DO YOU THINK?!!?!??!? Q: Why don t the leaves change color in Hawaii?
Stage 2: Light Reactions Takes place inside the chloroplast, specifically at the thylakoid membrane When chlorophyll captures sunlight it loses an electron This electron needs to be replaced, so a molecule of water is split! When water is split, oxygen gas is created, which is GREAT for us!!! Q: Why is this GREAT for us? A: Humans need oxygen to breathe and survive There are 2 energy molecules that are created in the Light Reactions 1. ATP 2. NADPH These 2 molecules are needed in stage 3 (Dark Reactions) REVIEW: What is NEEDED for the Light reactions? Sunlight Water What is CREATED in the Light reactions? Oxygen gas ATP NADPH
Draw a picture of the Light Reactions:
Stage 3: Dark Reactions: also known as the Calvin Cycle Takes place in the stroma, which is the liquid inside the chloroplast The dark reactions DO NOT need sunlight The 2 energy molecules needed are ATP and NADPH Also, the gas Carbon Dioxide is used to make sugar Q: What s the chemical formula for sugar again?!?!?? A: C 6 H 12 O 6 The process of taking the Carbon atoms from a gas (CO 2 ) and changing it to a solid (sugar) is called carbon fixation REVIEW: What is NEEDED for the Dark reactions? ATP NADPH CO 2 What is CREATED in the Dark reactions? Sugar ADP NADP
Draw a picture of the Dark Reactions:
Draw a picture of the entire process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Thylakoid membrane Stroma
CELLULAR RESPIRATION ALL LIVING ORGANISMS 3 STAGES Bacteria 1-Glycolysis 2- Krebs Cycle 3- Electron Transport Chain Plants In Cytoplasm In Mitochondria In Mitochondria Animals matrix cristae
Cellular Respiration: http://mass.pbslearningmedia.org/content /tdc02.sci.life.cell.mitochondria/ breaking down food (sugar) to make energy The energy molecule used by most living things is called ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) done by ALL living things (including bacteria) equation is the opposite of photosynthesis FORMULA IN WORDS: Sugar + Oxygen ---------- > Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy CHEMICAL FORMULA: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 ------------- > 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP The stuff to the LEFT of the -----------> are the REACTANTS The stuff to the RIGHT of the ---------> are the PRODUCTS
There are 3 stages of Cellular Respiration: 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain Stage 1: Glycolysis breakdown of glucose (sugar) occurs in the cytoplasm (gel of the cell) produces only 2 ATP molecules two 3 carbon sugars are made; they are called Pyruvate after pyruvate is made it will either move to: mitochondria if oxygen is present o here Aerobic Respiration (aka- Oxidative Respiration) will take place o Lots of energy will be made here cytoplasm- if NO oxygen is present o here Anaerobic Respiration (aka- Fermentation) will take place o Only 2 ATP molecules are made here
There are 2 types of FERMENTATION: 1. Alcoholic fermentation- done by microorganisms like yeast the product is ethyl alcohol this is how alcoholic beverages are made 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation- done by humans the product is lactic acid this is what causes your muscles to burn when you work out **NO ATP molecules are made in fermentation** 2 ATP molecules are made in glycolysis!
Stage 2: Krebs Cycle **REMEMBER: at the end of stage 1 there are 2 pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm** Each Pyruvate molecule contains 3 carbon atoms Each Pyruvate will enter the mitochondria Each Pyruvate then goes into the matrix where the Krebs cycle will take place Q: What s the matrix? A: The liquid inside the mitochondria During the Krebs Cycle, only 2 ATP molecules are made (1 ATP from each Pyruvate molecule) At the end of stage 2, only 4 ATP molecules have been made total! Most of the ATP will be made in stage 3!
Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain Takes place in the cristae, which are the folds inside the mitochondria Here, lots of ATP will be made 32 ATP molecules will be made in the electron transport chain Q: How many ATP molecules are made in Aerobic Respiration in TOTAL? A: 2 ATP (from glycolysis) + 2 ATP (from Krebs cycle) + 32 ATP (from e.t.c.) = 36 ATP total
ORGANIC COMPOUND (SUGAR) GLYCOLYSIS (in cytoplasm) 2 ATP Oxygen absent Oxygen present Fermentation Aerobic Respiration 0 ATP 34 ATP
INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS & CELL RESPIRATION CELL RESPIRATION: MAKES: - Water - Carbon dioxide - Energy NEEDS: - Sugar - Oxygen PHOTOSYNTHESIS: MAKES: - Sugar - Oxygen NEEDS: - Water - Carbon dioxide - Energy
PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELL RESPIRATION NEEDS MAKES NEEDS MAKES Capture Sunlight Water Sugar Glycolysis Sugar Water Light Reaction CO CO 2 Oxygen Krebs Oxygen 2 Cycle Dark Reaction Energy Electron Transport Chain Energy