Motivation to Include Dish Stirling CSP Systems in RSA s REFIT Programme NERSA Public Hearing 5 May 2011 1
Who is Ennex Developments? Ennex Developments (Pty) Ltd is a Project Development Company focusing on the development of renewable energy, power generation and resource projects. Based in Centurion, Gauteng. 2
Comments on Consultation Paper We welcome the REFIT revision process since in our view it better serves the following objectives of the Electricity Regulation Act: to promote competitiveness and customer and end user choice to facilitate a fair balance between the interests of all stakeholders NERSA revised the REFITs of only two CSP technologies and did not use the opportunity to consider the qualification and REFIT of dish Stirling technology, which is a well-recognized CSP technology that holds important advantages specifically for South Africa. We would therefore like to argue that it is important to consider the inclusion of dish Stirling technology in the first uptake of the REFIT programme. 3
Main CSP Technologies Parabolic Trough Linear Fresnel Reflectors Solar Tower Dish Stirling 4
Efficiency of Different CSP Systems 25 20 Average efficiencies (%) 15 10 5 0 Parabolic Trough Linear Frisnel Solar Tower Dish Stirling FC Business Intelligence 5
Installed Projects Worldwide As of July 2010 there were 32 CSP plants installed worldwide, totaling 921.18 MW 600 Total Installed Capacity per Country (MW) 500 400 300 200 482.49 432.46 100 0 4.82 1.5 Spain USA Australia Germany FC Business Intelligence 6
Installed CSP Capacity per Technology 1000 870.96 Total Installed Capacity per Technology (MW) 800 600 400 200 0 Parabolic Trough 38 10.4 1.91 Solar Tower Linear Frisnel Dish Stirling FC Business Intelligence 7
Planned Projects Total capacity of 89 planned plants in 16 countries comes to 14 GW 12000 10000 Planned CSP Capacity per Country (MW) 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 FC Business Intelligence 8
Planned CSP Capacity per Technology 10000 9226.9 Planned CSP Capacity per Technology (MW) 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Parabolic Trough 2901 2334 536 Solar Tower Linear Frisnel Dish Stirling FC Business Intelligence 9
Planned/Installed Capacity Ratio per Technology 1400 1200 Planned/Installed Capacity Ratio per Technology (MW) 1222.0 1000 800 600 400 200 0 10.6 Parabolic Trough 76.3 51.5 Solar Tower Linear Frisnel Dish Stirling FC Business Intelligence 10
Advantages of Dish Stirling Technology Smaller land requirement due to higher efficiencies (2.5 Ha/MW). Modularity enables uniquely scalable power sizes. Economy through mass production rather than economy of scale. Short construction times 20 MW plant can be constructed in 10 months by team of 100 people. No water needed for cooling. No need for flat terrain can be installed on rolling terrain. Low maintenance and operating costs. Flexible and simple installation using low skilled labour. More stable output than PV. Dual-axis tracking, which results in high utilization factor (± 32%). All these translate into very attractive economics 11
Description of a Dish Stirling System Stirling Engine Dual-axial Drive Parabolic Reflector Chassis Electronics 12
Two Types of Stirling Engines Kinematic Free-Piston 13
Infinia s FPSE Stirling Engine Mature NASA, DOE, DOD Bosch, Rinnai, Merloni, Enatec Over million operating hours Robust No life-limiting components 25 year service life Zero Maintenance Helium working fluid Sealed unit No lubricants Cold Electrical Output Solar Radiation 14
3 kw peak at 850 W/m 2 24% net efficiency Two-axis tracking Heat Drive: 3 kw free-piston Stirling engine with a dry cooling system Zero-alignment optics Closed-loop cooling system Remote/unattended operation Fully certified and grid-safe No water for cooling Bi-axial Drive Unit AC Power Out Reflector
Commercial Units Casa Grande, Arizona 5/9/2011 16 Copyright Ennex Developments(Pty) Ltd., 2011
Designed With Installation in Mind
Kit Delivery Drive Heat Drive Reflector Chassis Electronics
Ease of Installation Materials Delivered to Site Packaged for Ease of Handling Infinia Corporation
Ease of Installation Basic Hand Tools No Special Skills Required 8 Man Hours Targeted for Unit Assembly Infinia Corporation
Ease of Installation Assembled at Ground Level Infinia Corporation
Ease of Installation No Mirror Adjustment Infinia Corporation
Ease of Installation Simple Mounting Minimal Connections Infinia Corporation
Infinia s Sales Pipeline 82MW under contract Europe (Spain) India USA 400MW under MOU China Europe USA 1.5GW indicative interest 24
Financing US ExIm Bank has thoroughly evaluated the PowerDish technology and has given tacit approval to fund all PowerDish projects. ExIm Bank funds about 75% of total project cost. Repayment Term: 18+ years. Standard minimum interest rate: 4.71 %. Small risk to investors, NO risk to SA Government. 25
Proposed REFIT for Dish Stirling CSP Ennex recently completed a feasibility study for a 20 MW Dish Stirling CSP plant in the Northern Cape. Site has been selected within close proximity to the substation. Land requirement, 50 Ha. Plant can be constructed in 10 months. No water for cooling required. Financial model based on 5 years measured solar data. Assumptions: 17% return after tax 10% cost of debt REFIT comparable with the 2011 rate for PV of R 2.31 26
Thermal Storage and Hybridization Goal of thermal energy storage (TES) and hybridization: To increase the dispachability, stability and reliability of power from a CSP plant. Hybridization refers to the ability of a CSP plant to hybridize with an alternative energy source fossil or renewable fuel. Although current dish Stirling systems do not lend itself to storage/hybridization the same effect can be achieved if dish Stirling plants are operated in conjunction with a gas fired power plant. This provides the same advantages as TES but without the disadvantages of an oversized solar field and the cost of the energy storage equipment. Ennex recommends that developers be given the opportunity to offer hybridization, including operation in conjunction with a gas fired plant, as an alternative to TES. Note: TES systems are being developed for dish Stirling systems that will offer 1-2 hours storage. 27
Conclusion Dish Stirling: A solution to large or small-scale CSP which is: Affordable Flexible Scalable Modular Reliable Available Not approving a REFIT for Dish Stirling systems in the first uptake of the REFIT programme will slow down the deployment of a very competitive fast growing CSP technology, that hold great advantages for South Africa. 28
Contact information Dr. Gideon Greyvenstein Director Ennex Developments (Pty) Ltd. PO Box 66004, Highveld Park, 0169 South Africa Tel: +27 82 5583917 Fax:+27 12 349 8425 email: gideon@ennex.co.za www.ennex.co.za 5/9/2011 29 Copyright Ennex Developments(Pty) Ltd., 2011