OPPORTUNITIES IN ENERGY SG2 Innovation in Electricity Networks physical & digital network security
Contents Introduction... 1 Innovation in electricity networks... 1 The smart grid opportunity... 2 Physical and digital network security... 2 The challenges... 3 The market for physical and digital network security... 3 Summary... 4 How we support innovation... 4 Useful links... 5 Sources... 6 Acknowledgements... 6
Introduction Scotland s huge renewable energy resource coupled with its commitment to fulfil ambitious climate change targets offer the potential for Scotland to become one of the world leaders in renewable energy development. This, however, implies large amounts of intermittent renewable energy coming online in the next few years. This paper is the second in a series, authored in partnership with Highlands & Islands Enterprise, the Energy Innovation Centre and the Energy Technology Partnership, setting out the opportunities open to Scottish companies in the growing market for innovative products and services that will allow electrical power transmission and distribution networks to handle the ever-changing demands put on them by the changing mix of generation, as well as variations in consumption. New products and services are specifically needed to enable integrated power network systems (Smart Grids). This will allow more flexible, cheaper implementation of distributed power generation; mitigate the need for expensive infrastructure upgrades; and, help overcome the intermittency of renewable power generation and the capacity constraints in existing networks. Innovation in electricity networks Recent market foresighting by Scottish Enterprise indicates that Scotland has existing company and academic strengths that can be developed and diversified to take advantage of the key market and technology opportunities in the areas of: New business models for supplying electricity and additional services; Customer energy management; Data acquisition, monitoring and analysis; Network automation and optimisation; High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC); and, Energy storage. It should also be noted that many opportunities exist for companies that can develop products and services that improve the effectiveness and efficiency of, or reduce the cost of, operating, maintaining and reinforcing existing networks (the Energy Innovation Centre has published a list of the UK industry s technology requirements on their web site - see their Innovation Needs section). Further information can also be found on the Energy Networks Association Smarter Networks portal. 1
The smart grid opportunity The 2020 global market for Smart Grid products and systems has been estimated at 24 billion (range 18-47 billion). The corresponding cumulative global market size taken over the period 2011-2020 has been estimated at approximately 185 billion (range 128-292 billion). Significant growth is forecast for Europe and Asia. The European market is estimated at 12 billion in 2020; the Asian market at approx. 7 billion in 2020, with further expansion beyond that. (1) Physical and digital network security The smarter and more developed the grid, the bigger the need to ensure the best and the strongest security possible that can provide an effective solution to guarantee grid stability. As highlighted in the recently published DECC s Smart Grids Vision and Route Map, smart grids can deliver a number of benefits to the UK including: reduced costs to consumers through savings on network costs; supporting economic growth and jobs with faster and cheaper connections to the network; as well as increased energy security and integration of low carbon technologies through greater monitoring and control of the network. These benefits, however, are impossible to achieve without a reliable and secure network that can withstand a number of threats. Typical challenges the network operators have identified include: Protecting public contact with power lines and cables; Improving the resilience of the networks to cyber attack or acts of terrorism; Safeguarding site and asset security; Highly conductive non corroding materials either for earthing or use in conductor application where theft is a risk i.e. materials that are conductive but unattractive regards theft value; A method for preventing livestock from rubbing against utility poles; Anti climb/theft devices for poles in high risk situations high risk areas such as schools etc. Security, both physical and digital, is therefore of an increasing importance to critical national infrastructure such as electrical networks. Smart grid security covers identity management and access controls, threat and theft defence, industrial control system security, smart grid cellular communications, physical safety and security, and other security types (9). 2
The challenges Physical security s Thefts of copper and other metals are on the rise due to their high scrap value. However, the amount of money realised through the scrapping of these metals is little compared to the cost to the network operators in replacing the equipment stolen and the costs to their customers managing with the consequences of unavailability of power; not to mention the injuries potentially sustained and lives lost in the process of attempting to steal them. There is a growing demand from network operators in methods of securing their plant, equipment, cables and conductors against theft, and deterrents to theft. Cyber Security Alongside physical asset security, a cyber security threat has evolved. Smart grids rely heavily upon communication systems to operate, and this interconnection of monitoring and control functions can lead to cyber vulnerabilities. Network operators are interested in staying ahead of any threat posed to their present or future infrastructure Guidelines and frameworks for cyber security are under consultation at present in the UK and the European Union. Further information is available here. The market for physical and digital network security With an increase in new security threats, the need for innovative solutions is growing faster than ever. The security market is developing rapidly with opportunities all over the world. According to Pike research, investment in smart grids security is expected to reach 15% of the total capitalspend on Smart Grids market. According to them, industry players have recognised that smart grids can t be achieved without smart security, with predictions that the total investment in these critical technology upgrades will grow at a rapid pace in the near future. Assuming a proportional increase in smart grids security market and the total smart grids market for product and systems indicates that total cumulative spend Smart Grid security in the UK could reach 2 billion by 2020, with nearly a third of it invested in Scotland. More information can be found in the table below: Smart Grid Security Estimated Cumulative Market Value by 2020 ( bn) by region Conservative Realistic Optimistic Scotland 0.4 0.6 0.8 GB (excl. Scotland) 1.2 1.9 2.6 Europe (excl. GB) 9.5 14.1 19.5 North America 3.5 5.1 8.2 Asia 3.9 5.6 11.3 Rest of the World 0.5 0.7 1.4 Source: Scottish Enterprise internal based on IPA (3) Being a global market, opportunities exist all over the world with such regions as China, North America and Western Europe representing the biggest share of the market. In relation to digital security, the UK, Germany and the Netherlands are the key countries in Western Europe with the fastest projected growth. 3
Summary As countries move towards new, smarter and more developed grids, utilities are increasingly turning their attention to improving physical and digital security to ensure reliable and stable operation of power networks. Physical and digital network security is a global market and is projected to increase rapidly over the decade to come. There is a particular scope for innovative solutions with the opportunity for Scotland to become a global leader in technological development, export its skills and expertise worldwide and expand into international markets. How we support innovation Annually, Scottish Enterprise E spends between 15 million and 20 million to support research and development and innovation. It has a number of Research & Development and Innovation support mechanisms that can assist companies from the early stages of investigating market and technical feasibility; through product, process or service development; to market launch. Where a company s R&D or Innovation project presents a convincing technical and commercial case Scottish Enterprise will identify how best to support your project. This could include reimbursement of eligible costs at: up to 75% for feasibility studies; or, depending on company size, up to 35% for closer to market R&D projects (further reimbursement, up to 15%, may be available if Scottish Enterprise deems the project to be multi-participant collaborative R&D). Academic and Research Institutes with early stage, proof of concept projects that present a convincing case could be awarded up to 100% reimbursement of eligible costs. In a global economy, the ability to innovate can determine the success or growth of a business and in turn, an economy. Of all the triggers for success, the ability to innovate is perhaps the most critical, and therefore the biggest challenge. Highlands & Islands Enterprise spends around 8m per annum to support account-managed businesses develop fresh thinking through a variety of support programmes and also discretionary grant support. The Scottish Investment Bank supports the development of Scotland s private sector small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) 1 funding market to ensure both early stage and established businesses with growth and export potential have adequate access to growth capital. It operates a suite of investment funds. The three equity funds (Scottish Seed Fund, the Scottish Co-Investment Fund and the Scottish Venture Fund) adopt a highly innovative co-investment and shared risk intervention model to encourage more private investors to invest in early stage Scottish companies with high growth potential. SIB is also the lead investor in the privately managed Scottish Loan Fund which operates on a fully commercial basis and is aimed at established companies. The Energy Innovation Centre is a partnership between Electricity North West, National Grid, Northern Gas Networks, Northern Powergrid, Scotia Gas Networks, SP Energy Networks, Scottish & Southern Energy Power Distribution, UK Power Networks and Wales & West Utilities. It exists to bring energy innovation and industry together. It can help to translate ideas into a commercial reality through access to energy funding for innovation (the Innovation Funding Incentive, the Low Carbon Network Fund, the Network Innovation Stimulus) and access to industry customers and 1 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/facts-figures-analysis/sme-definition/index_en.htm 4
commercial expertise. Funding obtained through the Energy Innovation Centre is considered private funding and as a result is not subject to state aid regulations. The Energy Technology Partnership is an alliance of twelve independent Scottish Universities, engaged in world-class energy research, development and demonstration. With access to 250 academics and 700 researchers, and over 250 million of testing facilities through the Scottish Energy Laboratory, it can provide the spark businesses need to get their ideas into the market. The Energy Technology Partnership does not charge for its time and can provide business and technology development support, help in finding and securing innovation funding, and guidance in identifying suitable testing facilities. It can support SME R&D projects by funding academic time to assist with company innovation (actual funding is determined on a case-by-case basis). The Power Networks Demonstration Centre is a venture between the University of Strathclyde, Scottish Enterprise, the Scottish Funding Council, Scottish Power and Scottish and Southern Energy aimed at accelerating the adoption of novel research and technologies into the electricity industry. It aims to meet the needs of utilities, equipment manufacturers (including SMEs) and academia by providing a unique facility for research, development, demonstration and commercialization of novel technologies. This unique, world-class, collaborative research, development and demonstration venture offers a range of services: Access to indoor and outdoor laboratories Equipment and expert staff for research Support for licensing and commercialisation Collaborative ventures Technology demonstrations Useful links Scottish Enterprise Smart Grids http://www.scottish-enterprise.com/knowledge-hub/articles/guide/smart-grid-funding-introduction Scottish Enterprise Innovation support service http://www.scottish-enterprise.com/iss Scottish Enterprise Develop new products and services http://www.scottish-enterprise.com/services/develop-new-products-and-services Scottish Enterprise Attract investment http://www.scottish-enterprise.com/services/attract-investment Scottish Enterprise Proof of concept programme http://www.scottish-enterprise.com/services/support-for-entrepreneurs/proof-of-conceptprogramme/overview Scottish Enterprise Scottish Energy Laboratory www.scottishenergylaboratory.com Highlands & Islands Enterprise Research and Development Funding http://www.hie.co.uk/business-support/funding/research-and-development-funding/default.html 5
Energy Innovation Centre http://www.energyinnovationcentre.com/ Energy Technology Partnership http://www.etp-scotland.ac.uk/ Power Networks Demonstration Centre http://www.strath.ac.uk/pndc/ Scottish & Southern Energy Power Distribution Innovation Strategy RIIO-ED1 2015-2023 http://www.yourfutureenergynetwork.co.uk/12_innovation2014.pdf Scottish Hydro Electric Transmission Ltd Innovation Strategy RIIO-T1 2013-2021 http://www.ssepd.co.uk/uploadedfiles/controls/lists/resources/compliance_report(1)/shetl_innovationstr ategyupdatejanuary2012.pdf SP Energy Networks Innovation Strategy RIIO-ED1 2015-2023 http://www.spenergynetworks.co.uk/pages/distribution_business_plan_supporting_annexes.asp SP Transmission Innovation Strategy RIIO-T1 2013-2021 http://www.spenergynetworks.co.uk/userfiles/file/2011_sptl_narrative_8%20innovation%20strategy.pdf Sources 1. C.Brys (Scottish Enterprise), Scottish Opportunities in Smart Power Grids, June 2011. 2. Scottish Enterprise, Scottish Smart Grid Sector Strategy: Enabling the Low-Carbon Economy, Creating Wealth, May 2012. 3. IPA Energy + Water Economics, Smart Grid Market Analysis Report to Scottish Enterprise, March 2011. 4. Frost and Sullivan, Smart Energy Management in Grids (Technical Insights), D4EA-TI, 2013. 5. Frost and Sullivan, Smart Grids in Europe Identification of Key Growth Opportunities, M74F-14, 2012. 6. Pike Research, Smart Grid Cyber Security Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance, Excerpt prepared for McAfee, 2012. 7. DECC, Smart Grid Forum, Smart Grid Vision and Routemap, February 2014. 8. DECC, Electricity System: Assessment of Future Challenges - Summary, 2012. 9. ABI Research, Smart Grid Security, 2011. Acknowledgements Front cover images courtesy of: SSE, Scottish Power, Skills Development Scotland, Smarter Grid Solutions, Ewgeco and Scottish Enterprise. Page 3 images courtesy of: Scottish Enterprise, University of Strathclyde. 6