Grade Eight: Advanced US History Semester One 2011 REVIEW PACKET Student Final Exam Study Sheet An addendum to the review packet for Advanced Grade 8 US History is included on page 6. Office of Curriculum and Instructional Programs Department of Curriculum and Instruction Grade Eight- Semester One: Advanced US History Exam Review 2010 1
Grade Eight US History: Semester One Student Review Sheet Unit One: Democracy: Political System of the People Application of Principles. You must be able to explain and apply each of these terms (that means give an example from today or from the past). A. Five Purposes of Government: Promote rule of law Provide public services Support the economic system Protect rights Prepare for a common defense B. Methods of Change: Working within the system Working outside the system Creating a new system General concepts and terms. You must be able to explain and apply each of these terms (that means give an example from today or from the past). A. Mercantilism B. Social Contract C. Democratic Political System D. Confederation E. Individual rights Historical Knowledge I: Forming a New Political System. You must be able to sequence the following key events and explain how they contributed to the development of a new American political system. Results of French and Indian War Navigation Acts Sugar Act Stamp Act Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts Lexington Green Continental Congresses Patriot committees and organizations Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Battle of Yorktown Historical Knowledge II: Defending the New Political System. You must be able to identify and explain what contributed to American success in the Revolutionary War. American strengths Involvement of the French Impact of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, King George Questions for discussion and review for Unit One are on the back of this page. Grade Eight- Semester One: Advanced US History Exam Review 2010 2
Discussion and Review Questions: Unit One How can people change a political system? What are examples of these ways? What are examples of ways Patriots tried to change the British political system? Why might a society choose to change their political system? Why did the Patriots want a new political system? What are the purposes of government? How does our government today meet these purposes? Evaluate how effectively the British government and the Confederation government meet these purposes. How did the American Revolution grow from limited protests to illegal actions and finally war? What events increased tensions or played a significant role in moving colonists towards declaring independence? When did the new American political system begin? What were significant turning points leading up to the declaration of war? Why were they significant? How did the American Revolution affect people throughout the colonies including soldiers, women, Native Americans, enslaved Africans, free blacks, Loyalists, and others? What were significant turning points during the war? How did they affect the outcome of the war? What did America gain in the Treaty of Paris? What challenges faced the new nation? How effectively did the Articles of Confederation meet the purposes of government? Grade Eight- Semester One: Advanced US History Exam Review 2010 3
Unit Two: Creating a National Political System and Culture Application of Principles: You must be able to explain and apply each of these terms (that means give an example from today or from the past). A. American culture F. Representative government B. Rights and responsibilities G. Limited government C. Separation of church and state H. Freedom and independence D. Rule of law I. Opportunity of a market economy E. Equal opportunity Constitutional Concepts: You must be able to explain how the Constitution outlined a structure for a political system based on the following concepts. Define each term and give an example from the Constitution. A. Federalism B. Separation of powers (3 branches) C. Checks and balances D. Judicial Review E. National Supremacy Historical Knowledge I: Creating a New System A. You must be able to explain why and how Americans chose to create a new political system. Weaknesses of the Articles Shays Rebellion Constitutional Convention B. You must be able to explain how each of the debates below led to compromises that helped shape the Constitution. Representation: Great Compromise, 3/5s Compromise Limited government and Rights and Responsibilities: Bill of Rights Historical Knowledge II: Inside and Outside Forces Shape the Nation C. You must be able to explain how each event below contributed to the development of a national culture. Precedents of President Washington Federal assumption of war debts Whiskey Rebellion Neutrality in foreign policy Alien and Sedition Acts Election of 1800- political parties Supreme Court cases: Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Embargo of 1807 Impressment Battle of New Orleans Questions for discussion and review for Unit Two are on the back of this page. Grade Eight- Semester One: Advanced US History Exam Review 2010 4
Discussion and Review Questions: Unit Two What shared values unite Americans and provide the nation with a national culture? How are these values seen in America today? How did these values become a part of our political system? What are the fundamental principles of American government that are expressed in the Constitution including its amendments? How do these fundamental principles affect the lives of citizens? What principles of government are expressed in the Preamble to the Constitution? What debates arose at the Constitutional Convention? How successful were the compromises in addressing issues of representation and limited government? How is power divided and shared in a federal system of government? Why is it shared in this way? How is power divided and shared by the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of US governments? Why is power divided in this way? How does the system of checks and balances prevent the abuse of power? Provide examples. How did political parties develop and influence the political system in the early years of our nation? How can citizens participate in the political process today? Why was the presidency of George Washington important for establishing precedents for future administrations? How did competing political views of Jefferson and Hamilton affect the development of the nation? How did inside and outside forces affect the development of a national political culture? How did the outcome of the War of 1812 unite the nation and increase patriotism? When, if ever, is the government justified in limiting individual rights for reasons of national security? Grade Eight- Semester One: Advanced US History Exam Review 2010 5
Units One and Two Advanced Grade 8 Review Sheet Addendum In addition to the content and skills in the previous pages, you must understand and be able to apply the following skills. Historical Thinking: You must understand and be able to apply historical thinking. A. Categorizing Evidence sort evidence to make generalizations B. Multiple Perspectives understand that people view events and issues differently based on their experiences and culture understand that investigating multiple perspectives deepens understanding of events and issues C. Evaluation of Evidence for Relevance understand that evidence is selected to support a particular point of view be able to select evidence to support a particular point of view D. Historical Interpretation understand that historians reconstruct history from evidence understand that historical interpretation is influenced by the author s perspective, context, and selected evidence be able to identify the perspective of a historian in a secondary source Source Analysis: You must be able to analyze primary sources and images for content, perspective, and context, and be able to corroborate using multiple sources. A. Content main idea, inferences, limitations B. Perspective purpose, opinions, beliefs, and values of author C. Corroboration corroboration and contradictions between multiple sources D. Context how time and place of origin affect content E. Image Analysis interpret political cartoons, drawings, photographs, and other visuals Writing: You must be able to do the following in your written responses. develop a thesis statement support a thesis statement with evidence determine the relevance of evidence Grade Eight- Semester One: Advanced US History Exam Review 2010 6