Water Cycle - Advanced Activity Guide for Component 8.3.1 Guiding Questions (be able to answer these questions at the end of packet) 1. What forces move water through the water cycle? 2. What are the steps of the water cycle and how does water transform as it moves through it? Agenda (fill in the squares and circles as you complete everything on the agenda) Water Cycle Reading 1 5 Minutes Page 2 Read the article and answer the analysis questions Water Cycle Videos 10 Minutes Page 2 Watch the 3 water cycle videos and answer the questions Water Cycle Computer Interactive 20 Minutes Page 3-4 Using the link on the science website and the directions, complete the water cycle interactive questions Water Cycle Notes 10 Minutes Page 5-6 Watch the notes video. Make sure you are following along with the video. Show your teacher your packet Water Cycle Movement Activity 10 Minutes Pages 7-8 Using what you know about the water cycle, complete the movement activity by following a drop of water through the entire cycle. Make sure you are completing the table as you go. Types of Clouds Worksheet 5 Minutes Page 9 Types of Precipitation Worksheet 5 minutes Page 10 Show your teacher your packet Weather Scenarios 5 minutes Page 11 Water Cycle Drawing 5 Minutes Page 12 Complete the Water Cycle Drawing Guiding Questions 7 Minutes Page 12-13 Answer the guiding questions Show your teacher your packet Water Cycle Quiz 10 Minutes FILL IN DATE OF QUIZ Give your Science teacher the graded quiz 70% or Above 69% or Under Move on to the Air Pressure and Winds Packet Ask any questions you might have Retake the Water Cycle quiz TOMORROW Unit Test will cover 5 activities: Water Cycle, Winds, Air Masses / Fronts, Forecasting Weather and Weather 1
Data Reading and Videos Questions Read the LA Reservoir article and answer the following questions 1. What is the purpose of the small plastic balls? 2. Why is it important to prevent evaporation? 3. List 5 reasons the California drought is a problem. (You can google this if you are unsure) Watch the Lincolns Coffee Video and answer the following question. 4. What are the odds the coffee you are drinking has the same water molecules as Abraham Lincoln's? Explain. 5. Watch the Water Cycle Song #1 and write down one thing you learned from the song. 2
6. What the Water Cycle Rap Song #2 and write down one thing you learned from the song. 3
The Water Cycle Interactive USGS Advanced Water Cycle Interactive: http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle-kids-adv.html Hover over the keyword and answer the following questions. CONDENSATION: Condensation is the process by which water vapor is changed into what? Why does condensation happen? Does cold air or warm air contain more water vapor? Why is condensation crucial to the water cycle? Condensation is the opposite of What s the primary route for water to return to the Earth s surface? Name 3 examples of what condensation is responsible for besides making clouds 1. 2. 3. Does air contain water molecules even if you can t see clouds? Explain your answer. Why do people buy coasters for their drinks? What are contrails? How are contrails formed? Can a cloud weigh as much as a 747 jumbo jet? PRECIPITATION: Precipitation is the discharge of water in what forms from the atmosphere? For precipitation to occur water vapor must condense with what materials? Is Drippy shaped like an actual raindrop? What is a real 2-3 mm raindrop shaped like? What happens to 4 mm raindrops as it falls? What s the difference between a mist and a drizzle? What s the difference between a heavy rain and a cloudburst? 4
EVAPORATION: Evaporation is the process by which water changes from what to what? Where is this water vapor (gas)? What % of the moisture do oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers provide to our atmosphere? What % of the moisture does plant transpiration provide to our atmosphere? What is necessary for evaporation to occur? What does the process of evaporation remove from the environment? Evaporation happens more over the How does the interaction between evaporation and precipitation runoff vary? LARGE DROP OF WATER IN UPPER RIGHT HAND CORNER: Where is the Earth s Water located? Include percentages with each location SUN: What does the sun have to do with the water cycle? Name two ways that the sun makes a difference in the water cycle RUNOFF: What is surface runoff? Why is runoff important? EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (EVAPORATION AND TRANSPIRATION): When a person breathes it is called When plants release water it is called What does evapotranspiration mean? CLOUDS : What are clouds made of? How does water vapor move? PLANT UPTAKE : How does water leave a leaf? 5
Water Cycle Notes Definition o The continuous movement of water above and below Earth's surface o Movement is driven by the sun and gravity Importance o Responsible for climate changes o Provides water to all aspects of life (plants, animals, humans) Earth's Water Breakdown o 97.5% Salt Water o 2.5% Freshwater 68.7% Glaciers and icecaps 30.1% Ground Water 1.2% Surface and other freshwater Steps of Water Cycle o Evaporation / Transpiration o Condensation o Precipitation o Run Off Evaporation/Transpiration o Water moves from the ground (or in plants) to the air (water vapor) o Moves from Liquid to Gas o Driven by the Sun Condensation o Water moves from the air and forms clouds o Moves from a gas (water vapor) to a liquid (cloud droplets) o Driven by the Sun Precipitation o Water moves from the air to the ground o Moves from a liquid (cloud droplets) to a liquid (larger droplets) o Driven by gravity Runoff o Water moves from the ground into streams, lakes, and oceans o Stays a liquid o Driven by gravity How are clouds formed? o They are formed when water vapor condenses creating very tiny droplets or ice crystals. o These droplets are so light they stay in the air o They require something solid (dust, smoke, etc) to form o The shape and size of a cloud is determined by air movement and location Why are clouds important? o They give us information about the wind speed and temperature o They also used to be used to forecast weather This was important before we had TV s and phones 6
What do clouds tell us? o Higher Clouds = Better weather (in general) o Lower Clouds = More Precipitation (in general) o Cirrus Indicate good weather currently but the weather is changing soon Form at high altitudes - Made of Ice Wispy or feathery o Cumulus Fair weather clouds Puffy white clouds with darker bases o Cumulonimbus Produces thunderstorms o Stratus Normally indicates rain Produce grey skies Form in flat layers - Little air movement o Nimbo/nimbus Cloud with a dark base Any cloud that produces precipitation o Fog Cloud that rests on the ground or on water Forms when the ground is colder than the air above Why is precipitation important? o It provides our plants and reservoirs with water o Indicates air temperature Types of precipitation o Rain Most common form of precipitation Warm Air o Sleet Layers of warm and cold air in the sky. Drops freeze and fall into solid ice particles o Freezing Rain Droplets freeze when they touch a cold surface Looks like sleet but it freezes on the surface instead of in the air o Snow Cold air throughout Ice crystals grow and merge in a variety of shapes and sizes Type of snow indicates amount of moisture Good packing snow More moisture o Hail Only forms inside cumulonimbus clouds Strong updrafts carry the ice pellets up and down causing the pellet to get bigger 7
Water Cycle Movement Background: Water covers about 75 percent of the Earth and is constantly moving. Energy from the Sun, which allows evaporation, and gravity are the driving forces that power the water cycle. The movement is greatly influenced by the contour of the land and geologic features such as mountains, valleys, and hills. While water does circulate from one state to another in the water cycle, the path it can take is variable. Procedure: 1. Pretend you are a water molecule. 2. Remove a strip of paper from the cup at your station and read it 3. Write the information in the table below o If water molecule stays in the same location you can place --- s for the part of the water cycle and what it's driven by o DO NOT GO RANDOMLY FROM STATION TO STATION 4. Put the strip back and follow the directions on the strip of paper and move to the station instructed 5. Repeat steps 1-5 until you have your entire table completed 6. Answer the analysis questions below Data: Station Description of event Part of Water Cycle (Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation, Runoff, or ---) Driven by (Sun, Gravity, N/A, or ---) MOVE TO New Location EX 1 Cloud Falls as rain Precipitation Gravity Mountain EX 2 Mountain Roll down hill Runoff Gravity Lake 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 8
15. Analysis Questions: 1. What would happen if all of Earth s water stayed in the oceans? Provide 2 things 2. In the space below, use arrows and labels to draw the path YOU took as a water molecule. YOUR DRAWING SHOULD LOOK DIFFERENT FROM EVERYONE ELSE!!! 9
Types of Clouds Worksheet Use the image below and your notes to help you answer the following questions. 10
1. What do clouds need in order to be formed? 2. What are the three main types of clouds? 3. What type of clouds is called fair weather clouds and look like floating cotton? 6. Which cloud has vertical development? 7. Which type of cloud has layers? 8. Name the two types of clouds that are between 6,500 and 20,000 feet in the air. 9. Which type of clouds brings lightning, thunder and tornadoes? 10. Which type of cloud produces grey skies? 4. What type of cloud can also be considered a fair weather cloud but doesn t look like cotton? 5. Name the two main types of clouds that can be found at low-levels. 11. What two types of clouds bring rain? 12. Which type of cloud is wispy or feathery? 13. What type of cloud is found at high altitudes? _ Types of Precipitation W.S. 11
Sketch of the Precipitation Definition Outside Temperature (circle one) How does it form? Rain below / above freezing Snow below / above freezing Sleet below / above freezing Hail below / above freezing Freezing Rain below / above freezing Weather Scenarios 1. You are getting ready for your baseball/softball game and you decide to put on your cleats outside. While outside you look up and notice a bunch of clouds that look like they are forming a layer over the town. They clouds are grey with darker bottoms. It doesn t look good but you don t want the game to get rained out 12
since you are the starting pitcher today. What type of cloud are you looking at? Will your game get rained out? 2. When camping with your family you are debating if you should stay another night or if you should go home early. You had a lot of fun the last two days but you never want to get stuck in the rain when you only have a tent. Your sister normally doesn t care what you think but she decides to ask your opinion. Your phone isn t getting any service so you look up and notice wispy clouds wwwaaaaayyyyyy above you. What type of cloud are you looking at? Do you suggest staying another night? Why or why not? 3. You are on your way to the waterpark with all of your friends and you are having a blast singing and taking pictures. You look up through the skylight and notice a very tall cloud moving towards you. It has a darker bottom and it seems very large and tall. What type of cloud are you looking at? Should you continue to go to the waterpark? 4. You are finally on summer break and it s time to relax! You are at the beach splitting your time between playing in the water, listening to music, building sand art, and soaking in the sun (you put your sunscreen on before you came since your Science teachers taught you about how terrible burning could be for your skin). You are having so much fun you never want to leave. When you look up you notice an elephant and a tiger floating in the bright sky. What type of cloud are you looking at? Should you start heading home? 5. You are at the beach in the summer and precipitation starts falling on you. Describe the air temperature and identify the type of precipitation. 6. You are on the ski slopes in Colorado when precipitation starts falling on you. Describe the air temperature and identify the type of precipitation. 7. You are at home when you finally decide to go outside. It s been storming all day and in addition to the dark skies and the tall clouds you also have very strong winds. You decide it's not safe so you go back inside. Besides rain, what type of precipitation is occurring? 8. It's been cold for the last two days but after watching the news you find out that warm air is starting to come in. You go outside and ice particles are falling on your head and on the trees. Describe the air temperature and identify the type of precipitation. Water Cycle Drawing In the space below, draw each step of the water cycle. Next to each step indicate the change in the state of matter and the process the step is driven by. 13
Guiding Questions 1. What forces move water through the water cycle? 2. What are the steps of the water cycle and how does water transform as it moves through it? Step of the Water Cycle Starting State of Matter Ending State of Matter 3. What are the four main cloud types and what are their main characteristics? 14
Cloud Name Basic Description Drawing Cirrus Cumulus Cumulonimbus Stratus 4. What are the 5 main types of precipitation and how are they formed differently? Precipitation Types Description Air Temperature Rain Snow Sleet Freezing Rain Hail 15