International Steam Tables IAPWS IF97 develoed by Matthias Kunick, IAPWS Member Zittau/Goerlitz University of Alied Sciences www.thermodynamics-zittau.de Overview: The "International Steam Tables IAPWS IF97" a has been develoed by active members of the International Association for the Proerties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) at the Zittau/Goerlitz University of Alied Sciences. The research grou at the Deartment of Technical Thermodynamics in Zittau articiated in the develoment of the "Industrial Formulation IAPWS IF97 for the Proerties of Water and Steam" and develoed four sulementary standards for backward equations. The "International Steam Tables IAPWS IF97" a is available on the A Store: htt://itunes.ale.com/de/a/international steam tables/id502937992?mt=8&ls=1. This universal a can be used on iphone, ipad, and ipod touch, and is designed for comfortable use. The calculations of the thermodynamic roerties are based on the Industrial Formulation IAPWS IF97 and cover its full range of validity. In addition, transort roerties, thermodynamic derivatives, and backward functions can be calculated. This a is intended to be used by students and engineers in their daily work. For more detailed information on the features of the "International Steam Tables IAPWS IF97" a refer to the User s Guide below.
International Steam Tables IAPWS IF97 User s Guide 1. IAPWS IF97 Range of Validity This alication is based on the Industrial Formulation IAPWS IF97 [1], sulementary backward equations [2,3,4,5] and the latest standards for transort roerties [6,7]. A comrehensive descrition of the entire equation set is given in [8]. The range of validity and the calculation regions are illustrated in this T diagram: Temerature: 0 C t 800 C 32 F t 1472 F Pressure: 0.00611 bar 1000 bar 0.0886 si 14503.77 si High temerature region 5: 800 C < t 2000 C a 1472 F < t 3632 F a 0.00611 bar 500 bar 0.0886 si 7251.89 si a The uer temerature limit of the transort roerties (,,, Pr and a) is 900 C / 1652 F. 2. User s Guide 2.1 Navigation within the International Steam Tables a At the bottom of the screen you will find a tab bar to switch between three different views: Home, Units and Hel & Info. Home: Perform calculations (see Section 2.2) Units: Select units (see Section 2.3) Hel & Info: View this manual and get additional information (see Section 3)
2.2 Calculations To erform a calculation, carry out the following stes: 1. Ta the Home button on the tab bar to switch to the Home view 2. Select the inut variables from the inut button bar. The following combinations of inut variables are available:,t,x t,x,h,s h,s u,v h,v Pressure and temerature t Pressure and vaor fraction x for wet steam region Temerature t and vaor fraction x for wet steam region Pressure and secific enthaly h Pressure and secific entroy s Secific enthaly h and secific entroy s Secific internal energy u and secific volume v Secific enthaly h and secific volume v Examle: choose,t 3. Enter the values of the inut variables by taing the corresonding text boxes and tying via the keyboard which aears. Please note that, deending on the country and language settings on your device, either a comma, or a dot. is used as decimal searator. Ta the return button of the keyboard to comlete inut value editing. If you want to change the inut units refer to Section 2.3 of this manual. Examle: enter a ressure of 100 bar enter a temerature t of 500 C 4. Results are shown in the scrollable outut view. The calculated roerties are shown in this table: Pressure Saturation ressure Temerature Saturation temerature Vaor fraction Secific volume Density Secific internal energy Secific enthaly Secific entroy Secific isobaric heat caacity Secific isochoric heat caacity s t t s x m m v 1 v u huv s c c v h T u T v Isentroic exonent Seed of sound Isobaric cubic exansion coefficient Isothermal comressibility Thermal conductivity Dynamic viscosity Kinematic viscosity Prandtl number Thermal diffusivity v v s w v v 1 v v vt 1 v T v c Pr a c s T
Scroll down in the outut view to see more calculated roerties: Using the values for v, s, c, v and T, all thermodynamic derivatives can be calculated. The rocedure to obtain all thermodynamic derivatives from these roerties is described in [8]. Remarks on results: If the inut values are outside the range of validity (see Section 1), the values of the roerties will aear as 1. Note that the uer temerature limit of the transort roerties (,,, Pr and a) is 900 C / 1652 F If inut values corresond to a state oint in the wet steam region but not exactly to a saturated liquid or saturated vaor state the value 1 will be shown for the following roerties: Secific isobaric heat caacity c Secific isochoric heat caacity c v Isentroic exonent Seed of sound w Isobaric cubic exansion coefficient v Isothermal comressibility T Thermal conductivity Dynamic viscosity Kinematic viscosity Prandtl number Pr Thermal diffusivity a The vaor fraction x is not defined in the single hase regions (1, 2, 3 and 5 of IAPWS IF97) and will be set to 1 in these regions. The results are automatically udated whenever the combination of inut variables is changed (via the inut button bar), the values of the inut variables are changed, or the units are changed (as described in Section 2.3). Note: If you switch from one inut variable combination to another, the values reviously given or calculated will be assigned to the new inut values and the outut will be calculated automatically. For examle, if you calculate a certain state oint from ressure and temerature t and afterwards you switch to a calculation from ressure and secific entroy s, the reviously calculated value for s (from and t) will be assigned as inut value for s. This eases the calculation of thermodynamic rocesses in which one roerty is ket constant, e. g. of an isentroic exansion.
2.3 Unit Settings 1. Select the Units view from the tab bar controller. 2. Preselect the unit system (SI and I P unit systems are available). 3. In order to select a unit for a certain roerty, ta the roerty in the scrollable table and select the unit from the table which then aears. Note: When units are changed the corresonding values are immediately converted to these new units. 3. Information For more information on roerty libraries for various fluids and interfaces available for Excel, MATLAB, Mathcad, EES, Dymola, SimulationX or LabView, ta the Hel & Info button on the tab bar and ta the Info button at the bottom of the screen. We recommend visiting the following websites: For more information on thermodynamic roerty libraries for various fluids and software alications, lease visit: 4. Contact www.thermodynamic-roerty-libraries.com. In order to calculate thermodynamic roerties of various fluids online, lease visit: www.fluid roerty-calculator.com. For details on the book and the authors of the International Steam Tables, visit the website: www.international-steam-tables.com. To learn more about the International Association for the Proerties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), visit the official website: www.iaws.org. Zittau/Goerlitz University of Alied Sciences Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Deartment of Technical Thermodynamics Prof. Hans Joachim Kretzschmar, IAPWS Member Dr. Ines Stoecker, IAPWS Member Tel.: +49 3583 61 1846 or 1881 Fax: +49 3583 61 1846 E mail: info@thermodynamics zittau.de Website: www.thermodynamics-zittau.de
5. References [1] IAPWS (2007), Revised Release on the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Proerties of Water and Steam, available at the IAPWS website htt://www.iaws.org. [2] IAPWS (2001), Sulementary Release on Backward Equations for Pressure as a Function of Enthaly and Entroy (h,s) to the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Proerties of Water and Steam, available at the IAPWS website htt://www.iaws.org. [3] IAPWS (2004), Revised Sulementary Release on Backward Equations for the Functions T(,h), v(,h), and T(,s), v(,s) for Region 3 of the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Proerties of Water and Steam, available at the IAPWS website htt://www.iaws.org. [4] IAPWS (2004), Sulementary Release on Backward Equations (h,s) for Region 3, Equations as a Function of h and sfor the Region Boundaries, and an Equation Tsat(h,s) for Region 4 of the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Proerties of Water and Steam, available at the IAPWS website htt://www.iaws.org. [5] IAPWS (2005), Sulementary Release on Backward Equations for Secific Volume as a Function of Pressure and Temerature v(,t) for Region 3 of the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Proerties of Water and Steam, available at the IAPWS website htt://www.iaws.org. [6] IAPWS (2008), Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2008 for the Viscosity of Ordinary Water Substance, available at the IAPWS website htt://www.iaws.org. [7] IAPWS (2011), Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2011 for the Thermal Conductivity of Ordinary Water Substance, available at the IAPWS website htt://www.iaws.org. [8] Wagner, W., Kretzschmar, H. J., International Steam Tables, Sringer Verlag, Berlin (2008), see also at htt://www.international stem tables.com.