PRONOUNS A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence. Pronouns are used so that our language is not cumbersome with the same nouns being repeated over and over in a paragraph. Some examples of pronouns: - I, me, mine, myself, she, her, hers, herself, we, us, ours and ourselves You may have noticed that they tend to come in sets of four, all referring to the same person, group or thing. He, him, his and himself, for example, all refer to a male person or something belonging to him They, them, theirs and themselves all refer to a group or something belonging to a group, and so on.
TYPES OF PRONOUNS TYPES PERSONAL - shows the personality. EXAMPLES Subjective - I, He etc. Objective - me, him etc. Possessive - mine, his etc. REFLEXIVE reflects the subject. MYSELF, YOURSELF, HIMSELF, OURSELVES etc. I played the game myself. INDEFINITE is used when the identity is not definite. SOMEONE, EVERYONE, ONE, EITHER etc. Someone was standing at the door. RELATIVE relates the subject / the object. INTERROGATIVE for asking questions. DEMONSTRATIVE for indicating. WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHICH etc. He is the boy who won the match WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHAT etc. Who are you? THIS, THESE, THAT, THOSE etc. This mango is sweet. EMPHATIC for emphasising the subject. MYSELF, YOURSELF, HIMSELF, HERSELF etc. I myself played the match.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE AND PRONOUNS: POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES My/his/her/their/our/ POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS Mine/his/hers/theirs/ours/yours/ its your Eg. This is his house. This house is his. Eg. This is your doing. possessive adjectives +noun/gerund This doing is yours. Noun/gerund + helping verbs+possessive pronouns.
1. Rule: rules related to persons: 1 st person pronouns: I/we - Primary (me/us/my/mine/our/ours/ourselves/myself) - Additional 2 nd person pronouns: you Primary (your/yours/yourself/yourselves) - Additional 3 rd person pronouns: he/she/they/it - Primary (him/his/himself/her/hers/herself/itself/them/theirs/themselves) Additional The order of singular pronouns should be 2+3+1 in general usage: Eg: You, he and I must help smith with money. Note: but when the sentence conveys a negative meaning then the order of singular pronouns should be 1+2+3. Eg: I, you and he should be ashamed for what we did to him. The order of plural pronouns should be 1+2+3 in general usage: Eg: We, you and they must help smith with money.
2. Rule: it is/was takes subjective pronouns after them. Eg: It is I who am the best performer here. 3. Rule: Let takes objective pronouns after them. Eg: Let me participate in the match. 4. Rule: indefinite pronouns take gender-based relative pronouns. Eg: Someone has done his duty well. (his duty not one s duty) 5. Rule: in relative pronouns who/whom/which/that Who/whom is used for person/s. Which is used for things/persons/animals but for humans only while choosing. That is universally used. But with words like anything/nothing/all/much/little/none/none/the + superlative adjective + noun only that is used. Eg: All that glitters is not gold.
6. Rule: whose is used just before a noun. Whose book is this? 7. When the transitive verb is used without an object after it, a reflexive pronoun is used to complete the meaning of the subject. Eg: enjoyed/adjusted/helped/hanged/called + reflexive pronouns (in case there is no object present) He helped himself to qualify the paper. 8. Rule: one of is followed by a plural noun and a singular or a plural verb according to the noun just before the relative pronouns (who/which/that) One of his friends who was waiting outside. This is one of the books that have all the necessary topics for this exam.
Q1. We agreed amongst us that we will not do such a thing in future. Q2. The boy whom father is the principal of this school is a nice person. Q3. All which happened here showed your true colours. Q4. Every teacher and every staff member of this institute is doing their best for the betterment of this institute. Q5. Everyone in this institution is responsible for one s own work. Q6. There is no one who can stand against me in this locality. Q7. There is still much which is to be done in this aspect. Q8. It is he and them who are responsible for the death of the young boy. Q9. When it comes to making choices, he is better than her. Q10. This is one of the best institutes which have rendered a great service in the field of educating the poor.
Ans 1: ourselves should replace us here. Ans 2: whose should replace whom here. Ans 3: that should replace which here. Ans 4: his should replace their here. Ans 5: his should replace one s here. Ans 6: that should replace who here. Ans 7: that should replace which here. Ans 8: they should replace them here. Ans 9: she should replace her. Ans 10: that should replace which here.
VOCABULARY BUILDING OUT OF A PARA MONETARY (RELATING TO MONEY OR CURRENCY) policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, often targeting an INFLATION (A GENERAL INCREASE IN PRICES AND FALL IN THE PURCHASING VALUE OF MONEY) rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency. Further goals of a monetary policy are usually to contribute to economic growth and stability, to lower unemployment, and to maintain PREDICTABLE (ALWAYS BEHAVING OR OCCURRING IN THE WAY EXPECTED) exchange rates with other currencies.
Monetary economics provides INSIGHT (AN ACCURATE AND DEEP UNDERSTANDING.) into how to CRAFT (EXERCISE SKILL IN MAKING (AN OBJECT), TYPICALLY BY HAND) OPTIMAL (BEST OR MOST FAVOURABLE) monetary policy. Monetary policy is referred to as either being expansionary or CONTRACTIONARY (CAUSING OR RELATING TO THE CONTRACTION OF A COUNTRY'S ECONOMY), where an expansionary policy increases the total supply of money in the economy more rapidly than usual, and contractionary policy SHRINKS (BECOME OR MAKE SMALLER IN SIZE OR AMOUNT) it. Expansionary policy is traditionally used to try to combat unemployment in a RECESSION (A PERIOD OF TEMPORARY ECONOMIC DECLINE DURING WHICH TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES ARE REDUCED, GENERALLY IDENTIFIED BY A FALL IN GDP IN TWO SUCCESSIVE QUARTERS) by lowering interest rates in the hope that easy credit will entice businesses into expanding. The policy is intended to slow inflation in order to avoid the resulting DISTORTIONS (THE ACTION OF GIVING A MISLEADING ACCOUNT OR IMPRESSION) and DETERIORATION (THE PROCESS OF BECOMING PROGRESSIVELY WORSE) of ASSET (A USEFUL OR VALUABLE THING OR PERSON) values.
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