Review of Nominative and Objective Case Pronouns

Transcription

1 Review of Nominative and Objective Case Pronouns Exercise 35 Identify the personal pronouns in the following sentences. Tell whether each is in the nominative case or the objective case. 1. You have really improved your backstroke, Beth. 2. Lewis gave me the binoculars. 3. My sister said that she might go with us to the zoo. 4. It is the largest bee that I have ever seen! 5. They picked up Don and her at the airport. 6. Mary Ellen invited them to the picnic. 7. How did you know that was he? 8. Roberto said he would show us some magic tricks. 9. I was surprised that they had not tasted artichokes before. 10. We Americans have the eagle as a national symbol. Identify the personal pronouns in the following sentences. Give the person, number, gender, and case of each. 11. He is an excellent chess player. 12. I will see you at one o'clock. 13. How did they know about it? 14. She gave me a pair of earrings. 15. We taught them how to walk on stilts. Exercise 36 Select the correct personal pronouns in the following sentences. Give the reason for your choice. 1. Jack and (I, me) built a snow fort and prepared for the attack. 2. Plants make an interesting hobby for my mother and (she, her). 3. Ricardo and (he, him) changed all the light bulbs. 4. Bernadette drove Jacqueline and (we, us) to the mall. 5. I can't believe the culprit was (he, him). 6. The rug belonged to (they, them) before it belonged to (we, us). 7. Kevin and (she, her) added the numbers accurately. 8. Clare showed (we, us) the picture of her family. 9. Can you believe that Marita and (he, him) won the chess prize? 10. In the afternoon, Ernie and (she, her) cleaned the whole house. 265

2 11. Paul, Paula, and (I, me) are in the same carpentry class. 12. The unexpected quiz surprised all of (we, us). 13. Figuring out math problems is challenging to Amanda and (they, them). 14. Yesterday afternoon, Don, Justin, and (he, him) went jogging. 15. The books were arranged in alphabetical order by Tony and (she, her). Exercise 37 Complete the following sentences with personal pronouns, as indicated. 1. is going to work on his balsa models this afternoon. (Third person, singular; masculine, nominative) 2. Carolyn, will help mail these invitations? (Second person, singular, feminine, nominative; first person, plural, masculine or feminine, objective) 3. promised to sing a song.at the assembly next week. (Third person, plural, masculine or feminine, nominative) 4. When Henry told a funny story, Kelly couldn't stop laughing. (Third person, singular; feminine, objective) 5 will meet at the library tonight. (First person, plural, masculine or feminine, nominative; second person, plural, masculine or feminine, objective) 6. Lee brought Cecile and to the street carnival. (First person, singular, masculine or feminine, objective) 7. love to watch the commercials on television. (First person, singular; masculine or feminine, nominative) 8. Mary Jane said that stayed up to see the movie, too. (Third person, singular; feminine, nominative) 9. My mother will take biking in Wisconsin. (First person, plural, masculine or feminine, objective) 10. The fish in this tank is making faces at I (First person, singular, masculine or feminine, objective) Sharpening Your Skills You and your friend have taken a vacation trip to Mars. Write a short narrative about how your Martian tour guide helped you. Use both nominative and objective case pronouns. Underline them when you are finished. 266

3 Lesson 3 Possessive and Compound Personal Pronouns Possessive Pronouns A possessive pronoun takes the place of a noun that shows possession or ownership. The possessive pronouns are mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, and theirs. They are used to take the place of possessive nouns. The skis are Lila's. (Possessive noun) The skis are hers. (Possessive pronoun) A possessive pronoun can be used in various ways in a sentence. Mine is in the oven. (Subject) Have you seen his? (Direct object) The plants are theirs. (Subjective complement) My, ow; you); his, he); its, and their are possessive adjectives. They modify nouns. Lionel's paper is on the top. (Possessive noun) His paper is on the top. (Possessive adjective that modifies the noun paper) Both possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives indicate ownership. Do not confuse them, however. Possessive pronouns stand alone. Possessive adjectives always modify nouns. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS Mine is new Hers is broken. That is his. Ours is painted gray. Did you see theirs? POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES My bike is new Her skateboard is broken. That is his car. Our house is painted gray. Did you see their stereo? 267

4 Exercise 38 Identify the possessive pronouns in the following sentences. 1. They traded theirs for ours. 2. I think that stuffed kangaroo is his. 3. That card fluttering through the air is not mine. 4. Mine was broken, and so Rosalita gave me hers. 5. When we received the money, Rene put hers in the bank. 6. Theirs glows brighter than ours. 7. Yours has a second hand; mine does not have one. 8. Hers was a great contribution to medical science. 9. Mine came from a garden and yours from a farm, but his came from a supermarket 10. I think mine is a very smart parrot. Write five sentences of your own with the possessive pronouns listed below mine yours his ours theirs hers Compound Personal Pronouns Compound personal pronouns are made by adding self or selves to certain forms of the personal pronouns. Forms of the Compound Personal Pronouns SINGULAR PLURAL First Person myself ourselves Second Person yourself yourselves Third Person himself, herself, itself themselves 268

5 Compound personal pronouns have two uses: they can be intensive or reflexive. An intensive pronoun is used to emphasize a preceding noun or pronoun. A reflexive pronoun is used as an object referring to the same person, place, or thing as the subject. INTENSIVE PRONOUNS He himself went. You yourself must go. We will do it ourselves. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS Toby hurt himself. You must prepare yourself for the speech. We bought them for ourselves. Exercise 39 Identify the compound personal pronouns in the following sentences. Tell whether each is intensive or reflexive. 1. You yourself are responsible for this. 2. Sit down and make yourselves comfortable. 3. He completed the crossword puzzle himself. 4. Bernardo taught himself to ride the old unicycle. 5. I myself fixed the handle on my bike. 6. Betty stitched every inch of the quilt herself. 7. Having followed the rabbit, Alice found herself in a strange world. 8. We taught ourselves Spanish by practicing regularly. 9. I want you to tell me the story yourself 10. I gave myself a reward for studying hard a piece of strawberry shortcake. 269

6 Agreement of Compound Personal Pronouns Compound personal pronouns agree with their antecedents in person, number, and gender. They have two distinct uses, as intensive and as reflexive pronouns. The coach herself trained the team. (Intensive) Jay entertained himself by whistling. (Reflexive) Coach is the antecedent of herself. Both are third person, singular in number, and feminine in gender. Jay is the antecedent of himself. Both are third person, singular in number, and masculine in gender. Exercise 40 Complete the following sentences with the correct compound personal pronouns. 1. We cannot see as others see us. 2. He told me he saw a leprechaun. 3. James bought a new basketball. 4. The explorers found in a dense thicket. 5. The carpenter hit with the hammer. 6. None but the pilot realized the danger. 7. The travelers entertained for hours with the puzzle. 8. The committee disagreed among 9. The climbers prepared their equipment. 10. Charlotte made a jewelry box from toothpicks. Write two sentences of your own with intensive pronouns and two with reflexive pronouns. Sharpening Your Skills You and your brother or sister recently lost your bikes. A police officer finds two bikes and asks one of you to identify them. Using possessive and compound personal pronouns, write five or six lines of dialogue between you and the officer explaining why the bikes are not yours. 270

7 Lesson 4 Interrogative Pronouns An interrogative pronoun is used in asking a uestion. The interrogative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, and what. They are used in both direct and indirect questions. DIRECT QUESTIONS Who lost the package? Whom did you see? Whose is near the door? Which is yours? What did you see? INDIRECT QUESTIONS He asked who lost the package. They asked us whom we saw. We wonder whose is near the door. Sarah wonders which is yours. They asked us what we saw. Who, whom, and whose are used in speaking of persons. Which is used in speaking of persons and things and to indicate one of a definite class. What is used in speaking of things and in seeking information. An interrogative pronoun can be in the nominative or objective case. Look at the sentences below and tell why the pronoun is in the nominative or objective case. Are these sentences direct or indirect questions? 1. Who lives in that house? (Nominative case) 2. From whom did you receive the letter? (Objective case) 3. Which of the stories do you prefer? (Objective case) 4. What is the matter? (Nominative case) 5. What did she do? (Objective case) 271

8 Exercise 41 Identify the interrogative pronouns in the following sentences. Give the case of each. 1. What is in the basket? 2. Who is speaking? 3. To whom did Lawrence apply for the position? 4. Who is your favorite TV performer? 5. What was the background of the Battle of Wounded Knee? 6. Which of the songs on the album did you like best? 7. He asked with whom she went. 8. Which of the cats is a Manx? 9. What does the Spanish word do mean? 10. Consuelo asked which we liked best. 11. Who wrote A Wrinkle in Time? 12. What is a nautilus? 13. Who were the Vikings? 14. The waitress asked who ordered vanilla ice cream. 15. What are the steppes? Parts from prows of Viking ships 272

9 Correct Use of the Interrogative Pronouns Who and Whom The interrogative pronoun who is used when the sentence requires a pronoun in the nominative case. The interrogative pronoun whom is used when the sentence requires a pronoun in the objective case. Who won the World Series? (Subject) By whom was the Adventures of Tom Sawyer written? (Object of the preposition) Exercise 42 Complete each of the following sentences with who or whom. 1. From did the United States get the Statue of Liberty? 2 threw out my favorite hairbrush? 3. By was baseball invented? 4. With did Barb go? 5. _ has the lead role? 6 _ is Neil Armstrong? 7. By was Whistler's mother painted? 8. With are you speaking? 9. _ bought the house next door? 10. To shall I write for the information? 11. have you invited? 12. To did you give the toys? 13. does the baby resemble? 14 did you call so late? 15 _ invented the X-ray machine? Sharpening Your Skills Write eight questions using material from social studies, science, or current events. In four sentences, use the pronoun who and in four, use whom. An example might be "Whom did the United States support in the Vietnam War?" 273

10 Lesson 5 Relative Pronouns A relative pronoun joins a subordinate clause to its antecedent in the principal clause. The relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, and that. Study this complex sentence: The Lincoln Memorial is a monument that was built to honor Abraharri Lincoln. In the above sentence, the subordinate clause is joined to the principal clause by the relative pronoun that. PRINCIPAL CLAUSE: The Lincoln Memorial is a monument SUBORDINATE CLAUSE: that was built to honor Abraham Lincoln That is the subject of the verb was built in the subordinate clause. Its antecedent is monument. The antecedent of a pronoun is the word in the principal clause to which the pronoun refers. The relative pronouns who, whom, and whose refer to persons. Mother Teresa Mother Teresa, who works among the poor in India, won the Nobel Peace Prize in (Who refers to a person; its antecedent is Mother Teresa.) Mother Teresa, whom everyone admires, works among the poor in India. (The antecedent of whom is Mother Teresa.) Mother Teresa, whose work with the poor is well known, won the Nobel Peace Prize. (The antecedent of whose is Mother Teresa.) The relative pronoun which refers to animals, places, or things. A moat surrounds the castle, which was built in the Middle Ages. (Which refers to a place or thing; its antecedent is castle.) The relative pronoun that refers to persons, animals, places, or things. The man that left the umbrella soon came back to get it. (That refers to a person; its antecedent is man.) Epcot Center is the attraction that I want to see most. (That refers to a thing or place; its antecedent is attraction.) 274