RESUMEN UNIDAD Conditional tenses Present conditional. a) Forma: Afirmativa. S WOULD V I You He She It We You They. I would like I d like

of 12 RESUMEN UNIDAD 7 1. Conditional tenses 1.1. Present conditional a) Forma: Afirmativa S WOULD V I He She It We They would like I would like I d like Negativa I He She It We They S WOULD NOT V would not like I would not like I wouldn t like Interrogativa WOULD S V SHORT ANSWER Would I you he she it we you they like? Yes, she would. No, she wouldn t. Preferencias, deseos, opiniones, peticiones educadas, etc. I'd like to study Biology "Would you do me a favour?" Ofrecimientos "Would you like some coffee?" Hábitos o rutinas en el pasado. When I was a child, I would go running every morning. Oraciones condicionales de 2º tipo If I were you, I wouldn't do it

of 12 1.2. Past conditional a) Forma: Afirmativa I He She It We They S WOULD HAVE PAST PARTICIPLE would have liked I would have liked I d have liked Negativa I He She It We They S WOULD NOT HAVE PAST PARTICIPLE would not have liked I would not have liked I wouldn t have liked Interrogativa WOULD S HAVE Would I you he she it we you they PAST PARTICIPLE SHORT ANSWER have liked Yes, she would. No, she wouldn t. Oraciones condicionales de 2º tipo I would have done it if I had known it.

of 12 2. Oraciones condicionales 2.1. Zero conditional a) Estructura: IF + PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE If he spends much time reading, he has a headache. b) Uso: Ideas generales, a hechos o acciones que se aceptan como ciertos o que son habituales. If you have a dishwasher, you have more time to do other things. 2.2. First conditional (primer tipo de oraciones condicionales) a) Estructura: IF + PRESENT SIMPLE WILL + V If you go to bed late, you will feel tired tomorrow. IF + PRESENT SIMPLE NEGATIVE = UNLESS PRESENT SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE WILL + V If he doesn't arrive soon, Unless he arrives soon, we'll call the police. b) Uso: Hechos o situaciones posibles o probables en el futuro. If you go to the party, you'll see Alan Promesas y advertencias. If I win the championship, we will go to Bombay. won't pass the test if you don't study.

of 12 2.2. Second conditional (segundo tipo de oraciones condicionales) a) Estructura: IF + PAST SIMPLE WOULD + V If I won the lottery, I would buy a new car. IF + S + WERE WOULD + V If he were here, If I were you, he would play the guitar for you. I'd study English. If I were you, I wouldn't swim in that pool. b) Uso: Situaciones o acciones posibles pero poco probables. If I had a new car, we'd go to the beach. Situaciones hipotéticas e imaginarias. If we were rich, we would buy a very big house. Consejos. If I were you, I wouldn't go to bed so late. Futuras ambiciones o esperanzas. If I found a new job, we would move to Manchester. 2.3. Third conditional (tercer tipo de oraciones condicionales) a) Estructura: IF + PAST PERFECT WOULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a new car.

of 12 b) Uso: Hipótesis sobre acciones o situaciones pasadas que nunca podrán cumplirse. If he hadn't woken up at ten, he wouldn't have missed the bus. 2.4. Otras estructuras para expresar oraciones condicionales: as long as; providing (that); provided (that); even if; in case of. 2.4.1. As long as; providing (that); provided (that) : AS LONG AS + SIMPLE PRESENT As long as you do your homework, WILL + V we ll go bicycle riding. PROVIDING THAT + SIMPLE PRESENT Providing that there isn't much traffic, we'll go by car. WILL + V PROVIDED + SIMPLE PRESENT Provided the weather is good, WILL + V we'll go to the mountains. c) Uso: Para exponer una condición indispensable para que se cumpla la acción de la oración principal: "pero solo si", "siempre que". ll pass your exam as long as you study hard. d) Transformaciones ORACIÓN ORIGINAL TRANSFORMACIONES He'll win the match but only if he plays well He'll win the match as long as providing that provided that he plays well. 2.4.2. Even if EVEN IF + PAST SIMPLE WOULD + V Even if he was very rich, he wouldn't give money to charity

of 12 EVEN IF + PAST PERFECT Even if he had studied more, WOULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE he wouldn't have passed the test SIGNIFICADO Refuerza la condición en el pasado, presente o futuro: ni aunque. Even if he was very rich, he wouldn't give money to charity Even if he had studied more, he wouldn't have passed the test. Referencia al presente y/o futuro. Referencia al pasado. a) Transformaciones ORACIÓN ORIGINAL He wouldn't take any exercise if he had time. TRANSFORMACIONES Even if he had time, he wouldn't take any exercise. 2.4.3. In case of IN CASE OF + NOUN PHRASE In case of a fire, IMPERATIVE leave the factory immediately. c) Usos: Para hacer advertencias: if there is Please phone me in case of an accident. b) Transformaciones ORACIÓN ORIGINAL If there is an emergency, phone emergency services. TRANSFORMACIONES In case of an emergency, phone emergency services.

of 12 3. I wish / If only 3.1. Referido al presente I WISH / IF ONLY* + S + SIMPLE PAST I wish / If only I played tennis well. *If only se usa en lenguaje formal. I WISH / IF ONLY + S + WERE* I wish/ If only I were rich. *Were se emplea en lenguaje formal. I WISH + S + PAST CONTINUOUS I wish / If only Tom was studying English. I WISH / IN ONLY + S + COULD What a good car! I wish/ If only I could drive it Lamentarnos de algo que sucede en el presente y expresar nuestro deseo de que fuera diferente. I wish / If only I had a car. Expresar deseos. I wish / If only you were here. 3.2. Referido al pasado: I WISH / IF ONLY + S + PAST PERFECT SIMPLE I wish / If only he had told me the truth. I WISH / IN ONLY + S + COULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE It's a pity I didn't go to London. If only I could have gone to London. Lamentarnos de algo que sucedió en el pasado y expresar nuestro deseo de que hubiese sido diferente. I wish / If only I had a car. I wish / If only you were here.

of 12 3.3. Referido a una persona distinta del sujeto: a) Estructura: I WISH / IN ONLY + S * + WOULD + V I wish you would stop making noises. * El sujeto debe ser distinto de I. Expresar una queja sobre una situación en el presente que nos molesta. I wish / If only you would drive slowly. 4. Otras formas de expresar preferencias y deseos 4.1. Would like WOULD LIKE + NOUN I would like some water. WOULD LIKE + TO + V I would to go shopping. WOULD LIKE + PERSONAL OBJECT + (NOT) TO + V We would like you to study English. Expresar que algo se desea o no se desea. I would like some water. I wouldn t like any black coffee. Expresar que desearíamos que otra persona hiciera algo. I'd like Mark not to be here.

of 12 4.2. Would prefer: WOULD PREFER + NOUN "Would you like a magazine?" "No, I'd prefer a newspaper." WOULD PREFER + TO + V They would prefer to go back home.. WOULD PREFER + PERSONAL OBJECT + (NOT) TO + V I'd prefer her to help me. Expresar preferencia. I would like some water. I wouldn t like any black coffee. Expresar que desearíamos que otra persona hiciera algo. I'd like Mark not to be here. 4.3. Prefer: PREFER + NOUN + + TO + NOUN I prefer football to tennis. PREFER + GERUND + TO + GERUND Ralph prefers writing to reading.. PREFER + (NOT) TO + V I prefer to have a rest in this park. Expresar preferimos una cosa sobre otra o una acción sobre otra. Expresar preferencia. I prefer London to Paris. I prefer riding my bike to driving. I prefer to have lunch in a pub.

of 12 4.4. Would rather / would sooner: WOULD RATHER / WOULD SOONER + (NOT) + V He'd rather / He d sooner stay at home. WOULD RATHER / WOULD SOONER + PERSONAL OBJECT + PAST SIMPLE I'd rather / I d sooner she didn't go out today.. WOULD RATHER / WOULD SOONER + PERSONAL OBJECT + PAST PERFECT I'd rather/ I d sooner you hadn't gone to London. Expresar preferencia por hacer algo en el presente o el futuro. He'd rather / He s sooner play basket. I d rather / I d sooner you went to the football match today. Expresar preferencia por haber hecho algo en el pasado. I'd rather/ I d sooner he had gone out. 5. Clauses of result ESTRUCTURA so + adj. + that + S + V+... EJEMPLO He's so funny that he makes me laugh. so + adv. + tha t+ S + V+... Sam lives so fast that he never listens to me. so much + nombre incont. + that + S + V+... I drink so much coffee that I can't sleep well. so many + nombre plural + that + S + V+... We knew so many people that we had fun. such a(n)+ adj. + nombre singular + that + S + V+... such + adj. + nombre plural + that + S + V+... It's such a long book that nobody likes it. They're such good players that they never lose. such + adj.. + nombre incont.+ that + S + V+... It's such bad weather that we prefer to stay in.

of 12 6. Formación de palabras: Adjective suffixes NOMBRE O VERBO SUFIJO ADJETIVOS comfortable, -able enjoyable, fashionable comfort, enjoy, fashion environment, music, politics colour, help, success divide, horror, sense amuse, disgust, excite compete, destruct, effect, care, colour, need day, live adventure, danger, fame anger, fun, hunger -al -ful -ible -ing -ive -less -ly -ous -y environmental, musical, political colourful, helpful, successful divisible, horrible, sensible amusing, disgusting, exciting competitive, destructive, effective careless, colourless, needless daily, lively adventurous, dangerous, famous angry, funny, hungry 7. Leer y escribir: Composición de textos escritos 7.1. Clauses of result (oraciones subordinadas consecutivas) LINKERS OF RESULT SIGNIFICADO EJEMPLO As a consequence, Como consecuencia He has trained a lot. As a consequence, he has won the race. As a result, Como resultado She has spent the summer in London. As a result, she has improved her English. Consequently En consecuencia They haven't sold anything. Consequently, they'll have to close. For this/that reason, Por este /ese motivo It was raining. For that reason, they didn't go out., so así que I was tired, so I went to bed. Therefore Por lo tanto I've read a lot about Egypt. Therefore, I've become an expert in it.

of 12 7.2. A biography 7.2.1. Paragraphs Paragraph 1: Reasons why that person is famous and/or important. Details about his/her date and place of birth and his/her childhood. Paragraph 2: Information about his/her life and main achievements. Paragraph 3: What he/she did in his/her last years or what he/she is doing now and personal opinion. 7.2.2. Useful expressions Para describir etapas de la vida Para secuenciar los hechos Para expresar resultado Para añadir información Para describir el carácter de la persona Para describir su importancia e influencia was born in + place was born on + date At an early age, As a teenager,...... grew up in... lived in... spent... years...... retired... died At first,... After that,... Afterwards,... Later,... Then,... Finally,... From 1987 to 1997,... In the 1970s, As a consequence, As a result, Consequently, For this/that reason,, so Therefore, What's more, In addition, Furthermore, Moreover,, too. as well. also generous brilliant influential hard-working inspiring over-ambitious cowardly jealous creative talented He /She influenced... He /She revolutionized... He /She managed to... He /She became a respected leader He /She broke a record He /She won an award/a prize... He /She became... He /She is considered... He /She is known for...