The effect of experimental cadmium poisoning on hepatopancreas, kidney, skeleton in Ctenopharyngodon idella

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28 2 2004 4 :1000-0615(2004) 02-0195 - 06 JOURNAL OF FISHERIES OF CHINA Vol. 28, No. 2 Apr., 2004 1, 1, 1, 1, 2 (1., 510275; 2., 510000) : 200 10. 8 1. 2g 4, 50 :1/ 10 LC 50 80 g L - 1,1/ 50 LC 50 16 g L - 1,1/ 100 LC 50 8 g L - 1, < 1 g L - 1, 120d : ( 1 ) 24h LC 50 800 g L - 1 ; (2) 64 %,24 %,20 %,4 % ; (3) ( ) ( P < 0. 01) ; (4), ( P < 0. 05) ; (5) ( ) ( P < 0. 05), ( P < 0. 05) ; (6) :,,, ; : ; ; ; :S941. 91 :A The effect of experimental cadmium poisoning on hepatopancreas, kidney, skeleton in Ctenopharyngodon idella FENG Jian 1, LIU Yong2jian 1, TIAN Li2xia 1, WANG Yong 1, GAO Ling 2 (1. Institute of Aquatic Animal and Key Lab of Breed on Aquatic Seed in Guangdong, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China ; 2. Department of Lab of Medical in No. 1 Hospital, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China) Abstract : Experimental cadmium (Cd) poisoning was conducted on 200 grass carp with weight of 10. 8g 1. 2g. The content of Cd in the water of each experimental group was 80 g L - 1 for 1/ 10 LC 50 group, 16 g L - 1 for 1/ 50 LC 50 group,8 g L - 1 for 1/ 100 LC 50 group, the control group < 1 g L - 1. This experiment lasted 120 days. The results indicated (1) the 24h LC 50 in grass carp was 800 g Cd kg - 1 weight. (2) the mortality rates in 1/ 10 LC 50 group, 1/ 50 LC 50 group, 1/ 100 LC 50 group and control group were : 64 %, 24 %, 20 %, 4 %. ( 3) the contents (wet) of Cd in hepatopancreas, kidney, vertebra in experimental groups were very significantly higher than those of control group ( P < 0. 01). ( 4) the contents of glucose ( GLU), cholesterol ( CHOL ) glutamic2 oxalacetic2transaminase ( GO T), alkalinephosphatease ( AL P ) in blood plasma in experimental groups were significantly higher than those of control group ( P < 0. 05 ), but total protein ( TP) is lower significantly ( P < 0. 05). ( 5) the contents ( wet ) of Ca in vertebra and Ca, P, Mg in serum in experimental groups were :200229217 : (2001382) : (1958 - ),,,,, Tel :020-84036107

196 28 significantly lower than those of control group ( P < 0. 05). ( 6) The pathology showed that hepatocytes, nenal tubule and globule epithelial cells were granular degeneration, hydropic degeneration and fatty degeneration, dissolved necrosis, cyrtosis, silks of gill sinked, osteodysplasty. Ultrastructural changes showed that mitochondria in hepatocytes and kidney epithelial cells were swollen with disintegration and lysis of cristaes, endoplasmic reticulum was hyperplastic and fragemented. The thickness of basal membrane of the kidney glomerulus was found. Key words : Ctenopharyngodon idella ; cadmium poisoning ; biochemical index ; pathology (cadmium) 1817 Soromeyer, 1931 Fox kg - 1, 420 mg kg - 1 [5 ],,, 1 1. 1 200 10. 8 1. 2g, 23 % 4 % 40 % 24 % 9 %, 0. 6mg kg - 1 2 %, 2, 9 :00 16 :00 2, 1. 2 4, 50, 3m 2m Ramage [1 ] 1. 5m, 1 4,, 80 g L - 1, 16 g L - 1, 8 g L - 1 <, 1 g L - 1 2, 120d,, 1. 3 1972 FAO WHO ( CdCl 2 2H 2 O,,,, 990401-2), IRIS Advantage ( HR), [2 ] 1984 12, [3 ] Y/ T015-1996 (Hitachi),, 1982 204t,20 770t [4 ] 1. 4, (120d) 6, 11 20, 10 3 10 5, 10 5, 10 6,, 0. 05mg, 10 %,, H2E, 2. 5 %,,, 1. 5 Newman Keuls Dumcan, 0. 05 2 2. 1 90, 10. 8 1. 0g, 9, 10 0. 25m 3, 1d, 24h LC 50 0. 800mg L - 1

2 : 197 2. 2 1/ 10 LC 50 9, 2 3 4, 32, 64 % 1/ 50 LC 50 1/ 100 LC 50, 2. 3 12 10, 24 % 20 % 2, 4 % 1/ 10 LC 50 1/ 50 LC 50 1/ 100 LC 50,,,,,, 2 1/ 10 LC 50, 4 1/ 50 LC 50 1/ 100 LC 50, : 1/ 10 LC 50 1/ 50 LC 50 1/ 100 LC 50 ( P < 0. 05) ( P < 0. 01) ( 1) 1 Tab. 1 Contents of Cd in hepatopancreas, kidney, muscle and vertebra( wet) mg kg - 1 wet weight group 1/ 10 LC 50 1/ 10 LC 50 group 1/ 50 LC 50 1/ 50 LC 50 group 1/ 100 LC 50 1/ 100 LC 50 group control group hepatopancreas kidney muscle vertebra 41. 294 5. 140 C 9. 275 2. 131 B 8. 528 1. 762 B 0. 491 0. 102 a 188. 437 21. 316 C 57. 268 6. 799 B 47. 545 4. 318 B 0. 903 0. 128 a 0. 413 0. 095 C 0. 125 0. 011 d 0. 086 0. 009 b 0. 065 0. 008 a 18. 892 2. 310 C 4. 140 0. 852 B 3. 257 0. 792 B 0. 101 0. 028 a : ( P < 0. 05), ( P < 0. 01) Notes : values with different superscript letters within same column indicate significantly different ( P < 0. 05) ; values with different superscript letters within same column indicate significantly highly different ( P < 0. 01) : 1 / 1 0 LC 50 1 / 5 0 LC 50 1 / 1 0 0 LC 50 1 / 1 0 LC 50 1 / 5 0 LC 50 1 / 1 0 0 LC 50, ( P < 0. 0 5 ) ; ( P < 0. 0 5 ) ( 2 ) 2 Tab. 2 Biochemical indexes of blood serum, plasma and concents of Calcium in vetebra item AST( g L - 1 ) ALP( g L - 1 ) GOT(nmol L - 1 ) CHOL (nmol L - 1 ) GLU (nmol L - 1 ) TP(g L - 1 ) Ca (plasma) (g L - 1 ) P(plasma) (g L - 1 ) Mg (plasma) (g L - 1 ) ( ) (g kg - 1 ) Ca on vertebra (wet) 1/ 10 LC 50 1/ 10 LC 50 group 1/ 50 LC 50 1/ 50 LC 50 group 1/ 100 LC 50 1/ 100 LC 50 group control group 382 58 C 327 52 C 166 43 b 80 26 a 190 31 b 166 26 b 130 28 b 87 16 a 4. 8 1. 6 B 3. 5 0. 8 B 1. 3 0. 4 a 0. 8 0. 2 a 6. 74 1. 46 b 5. 28 0. 76 a 4. 53 0. 61 a 5. 04 1. 04 a 10. 1 1. 1 b 8. 9 0. 9 b 8. 5 0. 2 b 6. 7 0. 3 a 22 7 b 26 8 b 29 7 b 37 9 a 1. 62 0. 33 b 1. 73 0. 35 b 1. 92 0. 39 b 2. 59 0. 47 a 3. 10 0. 42 b 2. 03 0. 51 b 4. 09 0. 49 c 5. 36 1. 51 a 1. 08 0. 23 b 1. 06 0. 26 b 1. 08 0. 19 b 1. 84 0. 51 a 33. 74 2. 11 b 33. 93 3. 12 b 33. 98 2. 95 b 38. 88 2. 43 a : ( P < 0. 05), ( P < 0. 01) Notes : values with different superscript letters within same column indicate significantly different ( P < 0. 05) ; values with different superscript letters within same column indicate significantly highly different ( P < 0. 01)

198 28 2. 4,,,,, ( - 1),, 1/ 10 LC 50 75 %, 1/ 50 LC 50 1/ 100 LC 50 36 % ( - 2),,,, ( - 3) ;,, -, ( - 4) ;,, ( - 5),, ( - 6),,, ( - 7),, ;, ( - 8),,,,, ( - 9) ( - 10) 3 120d,,,, ( P < 0. 01), Conto Petit [4 ] Brown Shurben [6 ],,, Conto Petit [4 ] Brown Shurben [6 ],, 20 % ;, (MT), ( Cd MT), Cd MT MT, [7 ],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [8,9 ],,,,,, [8,9 ],,,,,,,, Ca 2 + [9 ], Cd 2 + Cd 2 +, Ca 2 +, Ca 2 +, Cd 2 + Ca 2 +,

2 : 199 Ca 2 + VD 3 [10 ],,,,,,,,,, [8,9 ],,,,,,,,, : [ 1 ] Wang K. The trace elements in life science ( 2 volume) [ M ]. Beijing : China Measure Press, 1992. 177-182. [. ( ) [ M ]. :, 1992. 177-182. ] [ 2 ] Li G H, He P X. The diseases of trace elements in domestic animals [ M ]. Hefei : Anhui Science & Technology Press, 1998. 233-239. [,. [ M ]. :,1998. 233-239. ] [ 3 ] Wang Z Y. The diseases of animal nutrition and poisoning[ M ]. Beijing : China Agriculture Press, 1997. 204. [. [ M ]. :,1997. 204. ] [ 4 ] Conto C C, Petit2Ramel M. Kinetics of cadmium accumulation and elimination in carp Cyprinus carpio tissues [ M ]. Comp Biochem Physiol, 1999. Part C(122) :345-352. [ 5 ] Allen P. Chronic accmulation of cadmium in edible tissues of Orechromis auratus (Steindachner) : modification by wercury and lead[j ]. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 1995,29 :8-14. [ 6 ] Brown V, Shurben A M. Bioconcentration of trace metals in rainbow trout : a field study [J ]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 1995 ; 31 :33-41. [ 7 ] Gu Xu Q. China Medicine Cyclopaedia : Toxicology [ M ]. Shanghai :Shanghai Science & Technology Press, 1981. 5-73. [. M. :,1981. 5-73. ] [ 8 ] Feng J, Yue X Y, Feng Z G. The pathology of experimental cadmium poisoning in meat chicken [ J ]. Chinese Journal of Animal and Vet Sci, 2001,32 (5) 468-475. [,,. [J ].,2001,32 (5) 468-475. ] [ 9 ] Yue X Y, Feng J, Feng Z G. The pathology of experimental Cadmium poisoning in duckling [J ]. Chinese Journal of Animal and Vet Sci,2001,32 (2) 162-169. [,,. [J ].,2001, 32 (2) 162-169. ] [10 ] Liu Y Y, Chen Y, Chen W F. The effect of Se on Cd absorbition and Ca stabilization in liver cell [J ]. Chinese Journal of Commonality Hygiene, 1995,14 (1) :54-57. [,,. [J ]., 1995, 14 (1) : 54-57. ] Explanation of Plate 1., ; 2. ; 3. H2E, 400 ; 4., H2E, 200 ; 5., H2E, 100 ; 6., H2E,100 ; 7., H2E, 200 ; 8., H2E, 400 ; 9.,, 20000 ;10., 20000 1. hepatopancreas atrophy and yellow, gall bladder swelling ; 2. vertebra bended and abnormality ; 3. hepatocytes degeneration and necrosis H2E 400 ; 4. nanal globule epithelial cells glass deg, macrophages infiltrated H2E 200 ; 5. silks of gill sinked, osteodysplasty H2E 100 ; 6. Vertebra cyrotosis, chondrocytes accumulated H2E 100 ; 7. arrangeof cardiac muscle foul - up,muscle fibres wax deg, H2E 200 ; 8. hydrocephalus, nerve cells bited H2 E 400 ; 9. mitochondria in hepatocytes swollen, disintegration and lysis of cristaes 20000 ; 10. node thickness of basal membrane in glomerulusb epithelial cell 20000

200 28

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