25 4 2006 7 GEO GRA P HICAL RESEA RCH Vol125, No14 J uly, 2006,,,, (, 100871) :,,,,,, :, : ; ; ; : 100020585 (2006) 0420596210,,,, :,,,,, [ 1 ], [2,3 ],,,,,,,,,,, 1,,, 20,,, : 2005212205 ; : 2006203220 : ( 863) ( 2002AA601021) ; ( 973) (2005CB724205) : (19532),,
4 : 597,,,, 1938, Seifert,, [4 ] 50,,, [5 ] 1962, H1 T1 Odum, [6,7 ] 80,,, 1990,, [8 ],, [9 ] 80,, [10 ],,,,, [11 ] 1830,, [ 12 ] 60 [ 13 ],, 90,, [14 ], : [ 15 ] 863 ( ) 3 [3 ] (1), 1 Fig1 1 The stage of development in urban water system control
598 25,, 3,, 2 211 [16 ], ( ),, (),,,,,,,, : (1) [1719 ] :,, 3 : : ; : ; - : (2) [20,21 ] :,,, (3) [22,23 ] :,, (4) : [24 ],, 212,,, 4 (2) : (1) :,,, GIS [ 25,26 ] (2) :, GIS () GIS,,,,,, (Delp hi) [ 27,28 ],
4 : 599, (3) : [29 ], : / () ( ) [2,30,31 ],,,,,, [32,33 ],,, ;, ;,,,,, (4) :, [34,35 ],,, [3638 ],,, ( ) 2 Fig12 The methodological framework of functional control in urban water system
600 25 3 311, 6,,( 3) 1219615km 2, 63193 km 2 312,, 3 : (1992 2003) GIS, GIS, 3,, Fig13 The layout of Hanyang water system (1),, N P,, 2003, ( I) [39 ] : n Ci I = W i (1) i = 1S i, Ci ; S i ; W i, p H DO CODCr CODMn BOD5 N H32N TP TN, : 4615 7110 1715 401 0 2515 2718, 6, V, V, V, TP, 78185 % (2), [40 ] : = L/ 3 ( v - 2) ; = L - v + 1/ (2 v - 5) (2), ; ; L ; v [29 ], 0158, 0129,, 1, 1, 12, 6,,, (3), [41,42 ] : FI1 = 1 - A i A, FI2 = 1 - A 1 A, FI1 FI2 2 ; A i (3)
4 : 601 ; A 1 ; A, FI1FI201895 01958,,,,,, (4), ( E) : m k E = ( A ij Qij ) (4) i = 1j = 1, A ij, ; Qij [43 ] A ij,,, 013, 015, 012 :,,,,, ( ) : 12 ; 4 4 ; 4 4 (1 4) 313,,, (1, 2, 3 4) (1) :, [44,45 ], ;, () ;,,,
602 25 1 Tab11 The functional control design of joint points of Hanyang water system,,,,,,,, ; (, ),,,,,,,,,, 2 Tab12 The functional control design of lake polluted areas and riparian area,,,,,,,,,, A B C D 3 Tab13 The functional control design of canal polluted areas and riparian area, E,,,,, F,, G,,, H,
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4 : 605 The framework for functional control of urban water systems and its application GUO Huai2cheng, WAN G Jin2feng, L IU Yong, MAO Guo2zhu, WAN G Zhen (College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China) Abstract :The urban water system is a complete ecosystem t hat has dual f unction of ecology and landscape1 The water body pollution worsens t he water quality and makes the urban a2 quatic environment lose it s ecologic f unction, such as providing water resource, defending flood, etc1 The degradation of water system landscape could lower t he image of t he city1 The water system control can not only be limited to pollution control, but also include wa2 ter environment rehabilitation and landscape beautification1 At present, systemic control is t he most pop ular and adoptive met hod for water pollution control and aquatic environment repair1 Systemic control takes t he whole water eco system as a research object, and, based on diverse water problems, makes all kinds of aquatic environment rehabilitation met hods and ecological engineering measures integrated1 But, systemic co nt rol emp hasizes t he eco2 logical aspect of engineering design and neglect s t he main factor in water landscape1 Tak2 ing landscape element s into account in water synthesized controll is a trend of reearch at ho me and abroad, so a new met hod including facto rs of landscape sho uld be fo und out1 This paper tries to make t he "f unctional control" as a new concept which brings water systemic control and landscape design toget her1 Functional control is an extension of t he concept " systemic control"1 In virt ue of GIS and water quality records t he water f unctional control first gives qualitative and quantitative analysis of the water system problems, t hen chooses some key positions (like water connecting point s, badly polluted areas, lakef ront etc1), and t hen select s suitable ecological rehabilitation met hods according to water envi2 ronment rehabilitative t heories, makes those project s ecological and landscaping, and fi2 nally gives a macro scopical landscape designing p roject of t he urban water system1 This study aims to give a new view t hat we should t hink about landscape factors in water control and pollution will never be the only problem t hat we should take into ac2 co unt1 Basing o n t heories of Water Enviro nment Rehabilitatio n, Landscape Ecology, En2 vironmental Aest hetics and Ecosystem Services, t his paper brings forward a met hod f rame of water f unctional control, and makes an application of it to t he Hanyang water system1 The case st udy shows t hat t hrough f unctional control, not only t he water quality but also t he landscape of the Hanyang water system has been improved, which is important to ur2 ban areas1 This means t hat doing water enviro nment repair and landscape design at t he same time is better t han doing them separately1 Key words :urban water system ; water environment rehabilitation ; systemic control ; f unc2 tional control