THE FOUR RIVERS RESTORATION PROJECT

Transcription

1 JSCE-2014 International Forum Human-Friendly River Restoration and Management in Korea THE FOUR RIVERS RESTORATION PROJECT November 20, 2014 Myung Pil SHIM, Ph.D Professor of Inha University President, Korea Society of Civil Engineers 1

2 OVERVIEW OF WATER RESOURCES IN KOREA 2

3 HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN KOREA Annual averaged precipitation of Korea :1,277mm Precipitation During Rainy Season : 870mm (68% of the Total) Regular : 362.5mm(41.4%) Monsoon : 321.8mm(36.7%) Typhoon : 191.8mm(21.9%) Generally, Typhoon affected in late summer rainfall (Aug. ~ Sep.) * Recently, after 2000, Typhoon was overlapped with monsoon in Early Summer. 3

4 WATER USE OF KOREA Total amount of water resources (100%) * Unit: billion m 3 /year Total runoff 75.3 (58%) Evapo-transpiration and Loss 54.4 (42%) Runoff in flood period 56.0 (43%) Runoff in non-flood period 19.3 (15%) Water Vision 2020, (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, 2011 Outflow to sea 42.0 (32%) Used as stream water 10.8 (8%) Used as Dam water 18.8 (15%) Used as ground water 3.7(3%) Total amount of water available per capita in a year is approximately 12% of the world average Total amount of use : 33.3 (26%) Municipal : 7.5 Industrial : 2.1 Agricultural : 15.9 River maintenance flow : 7.8 4

5 MAJOR RIVERS IN SOUTH KOREA Han River Geum River Nakdong River Yeongsan River 5

6 WATER CRISIS? 20% of the world population is facing a severe water shortfall by The UN World Water Development Report 6

7 HOW ABOUT KOREA? DROUGHT DAMGES 7

8 CLIMAGE CHANGE, HEAVY STORMS FLOOD DAMAGE Annual flood damage: US$ 2.2 billion Restoration expenditure: US$ 3.5 billion Vicinity of the Nakdong River 8

9 WATER POLLUTION Lower reaches of the Yeongsan River 9

10 POLLUTED RIVER FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES Vinyl farm structures in the Nakdong River basin (Before) The influx of insecticides and fertilizers into the rivers 10

11 THE FOUR RIVERS RESTORATION PROJECT 11

12 REVIVAL OF RIVERS: A NEW KOREA Securing Water Improving water Quality Protecting Floods Promoting Local Economy Water Front Development 12

13 PROJECT SCOPES Dredging: 0.45 billion m 3 Building Weirs: 16 places Ecological Stream Restoration: 858 km Wetlands Restoration: 11.8 million m 2 Environmental Facilities: 1,281 Reinforcing old levees: 784 km Constructing Dams: 3 places Bicycle Paths: 1,757km Elevating Reservoir Banks: 93 places Project Period: 2009~

14 PROJECT SCOPES & EFFECTS Flood Control Dredging: 450 million m 3, Flood Control & Water Detention: 5 Reinforcing old Levees: 784 km lowering Flood Water Levels (2-4m) Water Security Weir Construction: 16 Elevation of Reservoir Banks : 94 Increase 1.17 billion m 3 of water Water Quality Improvement Sewage Treatment Facilities: 1,281 Farmland Relocation : km 2 Water Quality Grade III II Ecological Restoration Ecological Wetlands: 11.8 million m 2 Preserving natural wildlife habitat Fish-ways: 33 sites Improve Natural Ecology & Promote Ecotourism Waterfront Development Bicycle path: 1,757km Tourist attraction sites: 36 Better Quality of Life 14

15 PROJECT BUDGET & SCHEDULE Composition of Budget Improving Water Quality 3.4 Ecological Stream Restoration Reinforcing levees & Construction of Dams (unit : billion USD) Dredging Building weirs Embanking Agricultural reservoir Project Schedule Master Planning in 2008 / Project Started in 2009 & Completed in

16 Project Organization Structure 16

17 Flood Control 17

18 DREDGING OF SEDIMENTED RIVERBED & AGRICULTURAL LAND REMODELING Increasing drainage capacity of the rivers Lowering flood level by dredging (450 million m3) Water Level Declined by Dredging Dredging 18

19 River Topography Before After Riverbed changes due to dredging Mild slope levee, flood profile and sand-shoals Dredging <Flood Water level changes> (Drawdown in Flood Water Level) Nakdong River 19

20 Effects of Riverbed Dredging Significantly decreasing flood water level in the areas of the four rivers Mainstream Tributary Han Nakdong Geum Yeongsan Yeoju Sangju Baekje Naju 2.70m 3.78m 0.80m 2.13m Seom Hwang Miho Hwangryong 0.5m 1.3m 0.5m 0.6m Han River - Yeoju Geum River - Baekje 20

21 AGRICULTURAL LAND REMODELING Dredged soils are used for aggregate and improving agricultural lands Dredged accumulations are treated by the soil pollution standard BEFORE Farmlands AFTER Farmlands Sections for the agricultural land remodeling 21

22 FLOOD CONTROL DETENTION Flood Control Reservoir Detention Pond 22

23 REINFORCING OLD LEVEES Expanding the top of an embankment Smoothing the slope Existing Levee 23

24 ESTABLISHING MORE GATES AT ESTUARY River Project Width (m) Height, Length Nakdong More gates Yeongsan Num. Yeongsan lake gate Yeongam lake gate Expanding link channel ,

25 FLOOD CONTROL EFFECT IN 2011 Record-breaking rainfall during rainy season (June 20~July 17, 2011) - Rainfall over 640mm for 20days (2.6 times more than the average) * The annual mean precipitation : 1,277mm No damaged areas due to the low flood water level (2~4m ) by dredging Rivers 1.Han 2.Nakdong 3.Geum 4.Yeongsan Mainstream Tributary Yeoju Sangju Yungi Naju 2.54m 3.78m 3.36m 2.13m Seom Hyung Miho Hwangryong 0.5m 1.3m 0.5m 0.6m 25

26 2006 Flood at Yeojoo in Han River 2 26

27 Safe Water Security 27

28 WATER SECURITY (New reserve 1.17 billion m 3 ) 16 movable weirs (720 million m 3 ) Small & medium sized multipurpose dam (240 million m 3 ) - Yeongjoo dam, Bohyunsan dam, Connection between Andong and Imha Dams Elevating 93 agricultural reservoir banks (210 million m 3 ) 28

29 Ipo weir in Han River 29

30 MOVABLE WEIRS Discharging Sedimentations periodically Controlling water level by flood forecast Lift Type Rotary Type (Rising Sector) Turning Type Sedimentation Discharge Water Level Control 30

31 Panorama of 16 Multi-purpose Weirs 31

32 EFFECTS OF WATER LEVEL RISE DURING DRY SEASON Average 1.77m water level increase due to weir construction Han River 0.6m, Nakdong River 3.1m, Geum River 1.1m, Youngsan River 2.1m 32

33 Construction of Multipurpose Dams Water security of 240 million m³ Youngjoo Dam Bohyunsan Dam Dam Connection Embanking of 93 Agricultural Reservoir Additional Storage 210 million m³ Embanking concept 33

34 CONNECTION BETWEEN ANDONG & IMHA DAMS 34

35 Effects of Water Shortage Decrease during the Dry Season (After project) Definitely improving water intake conditions Intake pipe Before scene(2008) After scene(2012) Water level rise of 4.55m after Project Thus Stable water intake is possible despite the dry season 35

36 WEIR OPERATION BY THE INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Integrated River Management System Multi-purpose Weir (Small Scale Dam) Multi-purpose Dam & Flood Control Retention A comprehensive management through integrated approaches with weir, dam, flood control retention, etc. Agricultural Reservoir 36

37 Water Quality Improvement 37

38 Problems of Water Environment in Korea Water quality problem in four Rivers before the Project. - TP (0.16~0.20mg/L) level is in eutrophic condition by USEPA standard Namji in the Nakdong River 38

39 Measures for Water Quality Improvement CLEAN WATER (SWIMMABLE WATER) 76% (2006) 86% (2012) Structural measures Treatment Facilities : over 1,100 (Sewage 644, WW 226, T-P 237 etc.) Operational measures Air Diffusing System: Algae reduction of 10% Non-point pollution treatment facility: 21 Aquatic Ecology Restoration: <BOD, ppm> Current 20% 2.1 Movable Gate Operation Target Normal Flushing Before After 39

40 Modeling for Water Quality Improvement Prediction of water quality (BOD, TP) along the 4 rivers after the Project BOD(mg/L) 사업전 bef. the project 사업후 aft. the project Keumho river 0.0 상주2 상주3 산곡 site1 구미 site2 달성 site3 고령 site4 대암 site5 남지 물금 Head water estuary TP(mg/L) Keumho river 0.00 상주2 상주3 산곡 site1 구미 site2 달성 site3 고령 site4 대암 site5 남지 물금 Head water estuary 40

41 Hwamyung District of Nakdong River (Before & after Preject) Before Relocation of agricultural lands and removal of vinyl farm structures in the river basins After The agricultural land use is turned into ecological parks, bicycle pathways, sport facilities, etc. 41

42 Ecological Restoration 42

43 Preserving Endangered Species Propagation of Endangered Fishes Restoration of fish migration and natural wildlife habitat 43

44 Preserving Natural Wildlife Habitats Installing nature-friendly fish-ways and ecological wetlands Minimizing ecologically adverse effects during dredging period Pool Type Fish-way Ecological wetland Vacuum Dredging Channel Type Fish-way Double Silt protectors 44

45 Diversity of Fish Species Multiplication and release of the 8 endangered fish species - Making the natural habitat of fish diversity species & restoration of fish routes Gobiobotia naktongensis mori Gobiobotia macrocephalus mori Pseudopungturgia tenuicorpus Gobiobotia brevibarba mori Koreocobitis naktongensis Liobagrus obesus Pseudopungtungia nigra mori Acheilognathus signifer berg 45

46 Improvement of Eco-system Space Total amount of collecting garbage was 2.86 million tons from the River - equal to 190,000 full 15-ton Dump Trucks <Kinds of illegal garbage collected in the water front> (1/100 MT] Waste Concrete Recycled Asphalt Conc. Mixed Waste Mixed Waste Etc. 46

47 Waterfront Development 47

48 Waterfront Eco Parks: Coexistence of the People and Natures Promenades, Water leisure sports area : Cultural Activities 454 Sports Facilities - Including 65 Soccer fields, 45 baseball fields, 1,529 campsites, etc. 36 Landscape View Points 48

49 WATERFRONT PHOTOS Eco Park Bicycle Path Waterfront Amphitheater 49 Sports Park 49

50 Landscape View (36 Points) Providing a space for residence and economic activities Creating a waterfront landmarks & promenades - Eco Park with local features planting 140,000 trees & 5,460,000 shrubs Development of various contents based on the features of each river Historical Landscape View Point Main View Point Local Landscape View Point Structural Landscape View Point Ecological Landscape View Point Main View Point Main View Point Main View Point Cultural Resource Weir Alluvial Island Minor View Point: Terraced Land on the River Protected Lowland Minor View Point: A Group of Grasses Existing Forest Bicycle Path 50

51 Improving Access to Waterfronts Overcoming the disruption of space by roads, banks, etc. Reinforcing the interconnection between rivers and cities Eco-Friendly waterfront way 51

52 Gomanaru Waterfront Amphitheater in the Geum River 52

53 BICYCLE ROADS Total 1,757 km - Han: 310, Nakdong: 665, Geum: 305, Yeongsan: 377,Saejae: 100 Eco-friendly paving materials & Utilize existing road Promoting Green Transportation Reuse of Abandoned Rail Hwacheon 53

54 54

55 Water Cultural Center Han River Geum River Yeongsan river Nakdong River 55

56 The ARC (Cultural Center in Nakdong River) 56

57 57

58 Green Energy 58

59 Green Energy from Small Hydropower Generating electricity by stored water due to weirs - Installed Capacity : each 800 to 5,000 kw (16 weirs) Power Generation : 271 million kwh/yr (enough to supply 58,000 houses) 59

60 Saving Energy Used to Pump Water After the Project, head difference is smaller than before - The larger head, the more energy needed * About 3,000 pumping stations along the 4 Major Rivers Pump Pumping station levee Head Diff. Aft. Prj. farmland city Bef. Prj. stream 60

61 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION MOU with Morocco(2012.3), Peru(2012.5), Paraguay(2012.5), Thailand(2012.8), etc Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand visited to the project site on March 25, 2012 Signed technical cooperation MOU between Paraguay on May 29,

62 World River Forum(October 2011, September 2012) 62

63 PROJECT MANAGEMENT & FUTURE PLANS Project Management The central government supervises national river management, * While Public Enterprise(K-water) and local governments manages each site. Establishing the Integrated Water Resources Management System Monitoring of the project sites Increasing efficiency of the management through continuous monitoring * Water channel, sediment discharge, water quality, ecological environment, underground water, facilities, flood and water supply, etc Systematic restoration works on the other 43 national rivers and 3,772 local rivers Restoration of direct inflow tributaries is prior works, Other tributaries works must be run parallel 63

64 Thank you for your attention! 64