Chapter 4: Body Tissues and Membranes 1. Which tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities? A) connective B) epithelial C) muscle D) connective and muscle 2. Epithelial tissue A) prevents drying. B) secretes mucus. C) absorbs molecules. D) accomplishes all of these. 3. Glands secreting products into ducts are called A) exocrine. B) endocrine. C) hormonal. D) endocrine and hormonal. 4. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue is found in (on) the A) skin. B) trachea. C) blood vessels. D) digestive tract. 5. Which tissue contains an extensive extracellular matrix? A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial 6. Which is a type of loose connective tissue? A) tendons C) adipose tissue D) ligaments Page 26
7. Which connects muscles to bones? A) tendons C) adipose tissue D) ligaments 8. Which tissue has lacunae? A) bone C) tendons D) bone and cartilage 9. Which is the most common type of cartilage? A) hyaline B) elastic C) fibrocartilage 10. Where may cartilage be found? A) windpipe B) outer ear C) knee joint D) in all of these locations 11. Of what does bone consist? A) calcium salts B) protein fibers C) both calcium salts and protein fibers 12. Central canals contain A) blood vessels. B) nerve fibers. C) both blood vessels and nerve fibers. 13. Which contains central canals? A) bone C) both bone and cartilage Page 27
14. Which is connective tissue? A) bone C) blood D) all of these 15. Which type of muscle tissue contains branched fibers? A) skeletal B) smooth C) cardiac D) skeletal and cardiac 16. Cardiac muscle is A) striated and voluntary B) striated and involuntary C) smooth and involuntary 17. Intestinal muscle is A) striated and voluntary B) striated and involuntary C) smooth and involuntary 18. Skeletal muscle is A) striated and voluntary B) striated and involuntary C) smooth and involuntary 19. Actin and myosin are found in A) muscle. B) bone. C) blood. D) cartilage. 20. A neuron is a A) muscle cell. B) nerve cell. C) fiber cell. D) cartilage cell. Page 28
21. A neuron consists of A) dendrites. B) a cell body. C) an axon. D) all of these. 22. Which contains a nucleus? A) axon B) dendrite C) cell body D) axon and dendrite 23. Nerves are primarily composed of A) axons. B) dendrites. C) cell bodies. D) all of these. 24. Neuroglial cells are associated with A) bone cells. B) neurons. C) muscle fibers. D) blood cells. 25. Glands are made of A) epithelial cells. B) muscle cells. C) nerve cells. D) blood cells. 26. What type of tissue lines the small intestine? A) squamous epithelium B) loose connective C) simple columnar epithelium D) simple cuboidal epithelium Page 29
27. Which are examples of body membranes? A) meninges B) synovial membranes C) serous membranes D) all of these 28. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with A) meninges. B) synovial membranes. C) mucous membranes. D) all of these. 29. Mucus is a protection against A) bacteria. B) viruses. C) digestive juices. D) all of these. 30. The peritoneum A) is a serous membrane. B) is found in the abdomen. C) forms the mesentery. D) is described by all of these characteristics. 31. Which is a multinucleated cell? A) skeletal muscle fiber B) smooth muscle fiber C) red blood cell D) white blood cell 32. What are found in lacunae? A) blood vessels B) cells C) nerves D) blood vessels and nerves Page 30
figure 4.1 33. Which letter in figure 4.1 points to the red blood cells? Ans: c 34. Which letter in figure 4.1 points to the white blood cells? Ans: a 35. Which letter in figure 4.1 points to the platelets? Ans: b 36. Compare loose connective tissue and fibrous connective tissue. Ans: Only fibrous connective tissue contains bundles of white collagenous fibers closely packed together. 37. Compare the appearance of the three types of muscle tissue. Ans: Skeletal muscle fibers are cylindrical, striated, and multinucleate. Cardiac muscle fibers are branched, striated, and uninucleate. Smooth muscle fibers are nonstriated, spindleshaped, and uninucleate. 38. What is a neuron? Describe its structure. neuron is a specialized cell composed of three parts: dendrites, which conduct impulses to the cell body; the cell body, which contains most of the cytoplasm and nucleus of the neuron; and the axon, which conducts impulses away from the cell body. 39. Simple squamous epithelium forms the alveolar walls in the lungs and the walls of the capillaries. Why would you expect diffusion to occur more easily through simple squamous epithelium? ecause the cells are flat and single layered, making diffusion easier than it would be across multiple layers of cells. 40. A person with a collagenous disease reports symptoms in many organs of the body. How do you explain this? ecause many internal organs contain collagenous fibers. Page 31
41. Epithelial tissues are classified according to cell shape and stratification. List and describe the classification of cell shape and stratification. Ans: Squamous = flat cell shape Cuboidal = cube cell shape Columnar = column cell shape Simple = single layer of cells Stratified = several layers of cells Pseudostratified = single layer of cells that appears multilayered 42. Distinguish between carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia, and lymphoma. arcinoma = cancer of epithelial tissue Sarcoma = cancer of striated muscle or connective tissue Leukemia = cancer of the blood Lymphoma = cancer of reticular connective tissue 43. Distinguish between neuroglial cells, Schwann cells, and myelin sheath. Ans: Neuroglial cells support and protect neurons. Schwann cells are neuroglial cells that encircle long nerve fibers thus forming a myelin sheath. 44. Distinguish between a neuron and a nerve. neuron is a single cell with dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. A nerve is a collection of axons (nerve fibers) from various neurons that are wrapped in connective tissue. 45. Compare the three types of fibers found in connective tissue. Ans: White fibers contain collagen and are flexible and strong. Yellow fibers contain elastin and are elastic but not as strong as collagen fibers. Reticular fibers also contain collagen but are thinner than white fibers and highly branched. 46. What is the matrix of blood tissue and how does it differ from the matrices in other connective tissues? Ans: The fluid component of blood, or plasma, is the matrix of this connective tissue. Blood plasma differs from other connective tissue matrices in that plasma is fluid whereas the other matrices are solid or semisolid (jellylike). Also, whereas all other connective tissues contain matrices that are produced by cells of the tissue, blood plasma is not produced by blood cells. 47. Describe how the parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum, and mesentery are related to one another. Ans: The parietal peritoneum lines the abdominopelvic cavity, the visceral peritoneum covers the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity, and the mesentery is formed where these two membranes come together. All three structures are continuous. Page 32
48. Which extracellular junction allows for the transfer of materials between adjacent cells? A) adhesion junction B) gap junction C) tight junction D) Both adhesive junction and gap junction are correct. 49. Why are carcinomas more common than other forms of cancer? Ans: The chance of cancer occurring in a tissue is related to the rate of cell division in the tissue. Epithelial cells divide more often than cells of other tissues so carcinoma (cancer of epithelium) is the most common form of cancer. Page 33