Its Influence on American Architecture, Culture, and Government

1 Its Influence on American Architecture, Culture, and Government by Susan Hardin

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3 Essential Questions: 1. How can you locate Athens, Greece on a world map? 2. How did ancient Athens, Greece influence American architecture? 3. How did ancient Athens, Greece influence American culture? 4. How did ancient Athens, Greece influence American government? Use the first pages for whole class viewing. We view them on our smartboard in a notebook document, but for the purpose of resale, I have written them in a pdf file. In the lessons that follow, I will refer to whole class viewing pages as the smart board (SB) lesson. I have included additional pages in black and white for more economical printing of multiples as well as clipart or photos for cut and paste activities.

4 Part 1 Location of Greece And Greece s Influence on American Architecture and Culture

5 Locate Greece on a map. Notice the pink boot? That is the country of Italy. ************************* Greece is just to the right of the heel. So, the next time you need to locate Greece, just look for the boot!

6 Locate Greece on this map. What is the body of water that borders Greece? Border means to surround or touch on the edges. Look at the body of water that touches Greece on the edges.

7 Can you find Athens, the capital of Greece? On this map, the capital is located with a star next to it.

8 We get many architectural ideas from the ancient Greeks. (Architecture means how buildings are designed.) Athens ancient Parthenon is one example. This building, The Lincoln Memorial, is located in Washington, D.C. and looks very similar to the ancient Greek building, the Parthenon.

9 Many of our buildings today use this same style. Compare the architectural design of the Parthenon to another building in the U.S., The Supreme Court. Architectural Similarities: *Columns *Carvings *Marble steps This building, The Supreme Court, is located in Washington, D.C. and looks very similar to the ancient Greek building, the Parthenon.

10 We get our Olympics from the ancient Greeks. The Olympic rings represent both Olympics. Here is a word from the Greeks:

11 Olympics We get our Olympics from the Ancient Greeks. Ancient Greeks competed in marathon running games, and so do we today. Another word from the Greeks:

12 marathon We get our Olympics from the ancient Greeks. This is where people come see the Olympic games. Two more words with Greek origins: coliseum

13 stadium We get our Olympics from the ancient Greeks. Winners were recognized in both Olympics for success.

14 Can you compare the Olympics of today with the Olympics of Ancient Greece? Directions: Come to the Smart board. Choose from the word bank around the sides, and compare by writing words or phrases in the correct area of the Venn diagram.

15 Answer Key

16 Part 2 Greece s Influence on American Government

17 What is democracy? Democracy started in Athens, Greece. It most likely started with Greek political ideas. Democracy means rule by the people. A democracy is a government in which the leaders are elected. A democracy is a way of governing, in which the whole group of citizens takes charge of its own affairs.

18 Why did Athenians want democracy for their city? In Athens, the middle -class citizens made up the largest part of the army. If the middleclass were unhappy about the government, the army might change sides in the event of war. The purpose of democracy was to assure the middle class that they had a voice in government. Having this voice in the government allowed them to have their ideas count in the decisions that were made. The threat of war was always present. A country without a strong army would easily be taken over by another country.

19 People of Athens believed that citizens should be the ones to choose their leaders. If we, the citizens, choose our leaders, then our leaders should feel they must do what we wish. If the leaders don t do what the citizens want, then on the next voting day, Election Day, the citizens may vote someone else to take the leaders place. They will lose their elected job.

20 In ancient Athens, jury members were chosen by lottery from among the citizens. A lottery is a process of choosing people, like drawing a name out of a hat. A jury is a group of people, in a court of law, who decide if a person is innocent or guilty of a crime they have been accused of.

21 We, the United States, used Athens democracy as a model for our government, but... There was a unique problem with the democracy of the Ancient Greeks. Here is the problem: MOST PEOPLE COULD NOT VOTE! Why? Because, First... you had to be a citizen to vote. Second... most people were not citizens. Women and slaves were not citizens. Conclusion Athens was not a true democracy.

22 There are 2 different types of democracies. Representative Democracy Verses Direct Democracy A group of citizens send a person to government to represent them, or vote for them. United States has this form. All the citizens vote. This means all the citizens go to the government. Athens, Greece had this form.

23 Written law was recorded for the first time in Greece during the sixth century B.C.

Click anywhere on the picture below, and learn more about Greek life. 24 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks/greek_world/

25 Name Date Influence of Ancient Greece: Architecture, Culture, and Government Matching Review Directions: Write the letter of the word or phrase in the box that matches the sentences below. a. Parthenon b. written law c. political ideas d.. columns e. democracy f. lottery g. jury h. representative democracy i. direct democracy 1. A form of government where all citizens directly participate in the decision making process. 2. What was first recorded in Greece in the 6 th century? 3. What did democracy most likely begin with? 4. How were jury members selected in ancient Greece? 5. A form of government where people choose others to represent them. 6. Which architectural element is often seen in buildings and often associated with Greece? 7. A form of government where the citizens take charge of their own affairs by electing their leaders. 8. Which ancient Greek building looks similar to the U. S. Supreme Court and Lincoln Memorial? 9. A group of people in a court of law that decide if a person is innocent or guilty of a crime they are accused of committing.

26 Clip art needed for cut and paste activity on day 1. Ancient Greek Parthenon Lincoln Memorial

27 U. S. Supreme Court U. S. Supreme Court

28 Name Date Can you find Greece on this map of Europe? Directions: *Color Italy green. *Color Greece yellow. *Draw a red dot where the capital city of Athens is located. *Color the Mediterranean Sea that boarders Greece, light blue.

29 Role Play Voting Activity as a Direct Democracy and then as a Representative Democracy activity After a short discussion of how ancient Athenian democracy worked, begin to explain to students the difference between a direct democracy and a representative democracy. Then, students will participate in each type of election as a class. Election number one will be using the direct democracy approach in which each child votes individually on a topic. Some possible topics may include voting on playing kickball or free play for recess, eating lunch in the cafeteria or the classroom, or choosing a class nickname or motto, etc. The second election will be using the representative democracy approach. Each group chooses a leader to represent the whole group. Make sure the group leaders know that their vote is supposed to represent majority rule not their personal feelings. Vote on the same issue as you did for the direct democracy and compare the results. Let each group take turns choosing a new leader so that students see how the views of the group as a whole should influence the decision of the group leader. After the elections are completed, students will create a Venn diagram (or a double bubble map if you are familiar with thinking maps) to compare and contrast both types of democracy. Discuss as a group the pros and cons of both elections. Have students think about these questions: Did each voting topic still have the same outcome? Why did the elections turn out the way they did? Explain to students that we are a representative democracy in the United States; modeled after the ancient Greeks.

30 The Olympics by Susan Hardin If you have ever seen the Olympics, they might seem modern, but they are really from ancient times. The first Olympics were held in Greece over 2,700 years ago. Athletes from the area around Greece came to compete in games. They ran races, wrestled, and competed in other sports. In ancient days, only men competed in the Olympics. The Olympics of today, are based on those of long ago. Today both men and women participate. In 1996, the Olympics were held in Atlanta, Georgia, here in the United States. Athletes from 197 countries came to compete in many of the same games. For some of the winners of ancient Greece, a laurel wreath was made from olive leaves, and placed on their heads. For others, valuable pottery was the ancient reward. Today, medals of gold, silver and bronze are given to the winners placing first, second and third in their competitions.

31 Name Date 1. How many years ago were the first Olympics in Greece held? 2. In ancient times, where did the athletes come from to compete in the Olympic Games? 3. In ancient times, what were two of the competitions? 4. In ancient times, who competed in the Olympics? 5. In 1996, in which city and state was the modern day Olympics held? 6. How many countries were represented in the 1996 Olympics? 7. What were two items given to winners of the Olympics in ancient time? 8. What is given to winners of modern day Olympics?

32 Name Test Date The Influence of Greece Study Guide 1. Democracy is a government in which leaders are elected. 2. Democracy means rule by the people (citizens). 3. In a direct democracy, citizens meet together to make decisions about governing their city, state, or nation. 4. In a representative democracy, citizens choose other citizens to represent, or stand for, them in government. 5. Athens had the first democracy. 6. The United States is a representative democracy. 7. Athens was a direct democracy. 8. Athenians believed that the people should be able to choose their own leaders. 9. Leaders in the United States government are chosen by its citizens. 10. Greece is located in Europe. Be able to locate it on a map of Europe. 11. The architecture, or building design, of many government buildings in The United States were influenced by Greek architecture, as seen in the use of columns, marble steps, and carvings. 12. The U.S. Supreme Court building and The Lincoln Memorial are two example of Greek architectural influence. The U.S. Supreme Court building and The Lincoln Memorial look much like the Ancient Greek building called The Parthenon. 13. The Olympics began in Greece. 14. Be able to compare and contrast the Olympics of today with the Olympics of Ancient Greece. They are similar in that... i. the Olympic symbol of the rings represented both of the Olympics. ii. They both held marathons iii. They both recognized their athletes

33 They are different in that... In Ancient Greece i. Only males could compete. ii. Olympians were given laurel wreaths and pottery as recognition. iii. The place where people come to see the Olympics was called the Coliseum. Today... i. Both males and females can compete. ii. Olympians are given medals as recognition. iii. One of the places where people come to see the Olympics is a stadium.

34 Name Test Date The Influence of Greece Unit Test Circle the answer to the following questions. 1. Democracy means a. ruled by a king b. ruled by a small group c. ruled by the people or citizens 2. In this type of democracy, citizens meet together to make decisions about governing their city, state, or nation. a. direct democracy b. dictatorship c. representative democracy 3. In this type of democracy, citizens choose other citizens to represent, or stand for, them in the government. a. direct democracy b. dictatorship c. representative democracy 4. Athenians believed that the people should be able to choose their own. a. leaders b. king c. president 5. Leaders in the United states government are chosen by its a. men only b. citizens c. jury

35 6. Democracy originated, or started in a. Athens, Greece b. Washington, D. C. c. Rome, Italy 7. Who was given the right to vote in ancient Athens? a. adult males b. adult females c. foreigners living in Athens 8. What type of democracy was practiced in ancient Athens? a. free b. direct c. representative 9. What type of democracy is practiced in the United States today? a. free b. direct c. representative 10. Which of the following structures in Washington, D.C., most shows influence of Greek architecture as seen in the Parthenon? a. Washington Monument b. U. S. Supreme Court building c. White House 11. Which architectural element, often seen in government buildings, is associated with ancient Greece? a. domes b. columns c. porches 12. Where is Greece located? a. in North America b. in Italy c. in Europe

36 13. Where did the Olympics begin? a. the United States b. Atlanta c. Greece 14. How are the Parthenon and the Lincoln Memorial building alike? 15. 23. Use the words in the word/phrase bank to fill in the double bubble map, to compare and contrast the Olympics of ancient Athens to the Olympics of today. Word / Phrase Bank marathons coliseum rings stadium recognized their athletes only males could compete medals given as recognition laurel wreaths as recognition both males and females could complete Olympics of Ancient Athens Modern Day Olympics

37 24. Which letter shows the location of Greece. a. A b. B c. C A B C

38 Lesson Plans Influence of Ancient Greece: On American Architecture, Culture, and Government By Susan Hardin Lessons based on the following Georgia Performance Standards. SS3H1 The student will explain the political roots of our modern democracy in the United States of America. a. Identify the influence of Greek architecture (Parthenon = U. S. Supreme Court building), law, and the Olympic Games on the present. b. Explain the ancient Athenians idea that a community should choose its own leaders. c. Compare and contrast Athens as a direct democracy with the United States as a representative democracy. K-5 EU: The student will understand that people s ideas and feelings influence their decisions. K-5 EU: The student will understand that laws and people's beliefs help decide who gets to make choices in government. K-5 EU: The student will understand that where people live matters.

39 Prior to lessons, have students begin a circle map with the words Ancient Greece in the center circle. They will add to this thinking organizer each day. A Big Idea question can go at the top, here. Ancient Greece New information is to be written inside the outer circle, bullet style. Day 1: View Part 1 of smart board lesson Influence of Greece on Location of Greece and Greek Influence on American Architecture and Culture pages 4-6. Have students write new information learned on their circle maps. Preparation: make copies of map of Europe (page 27). A Big Idea answer can go at the bottom, here. Hand out copies of the map page and have students locate and color the following: The country of Italy (the boot), the country of Greece, the city of Athens, and the Mediterranean Sea that boarders Greece.

40 Day 2: Preparation: Make copies of building pages = 1 picture of each building per student. (Note: There are 2 pictures of the Supreme Court on one page for half the printing.) Hand out copies of buildings and long (12x17) construction paper. Fold the paper in half (hamburger style). Have students paste the ancient Greek Parthenon on top half. Have them paste the other buildings on the bottom half. Have students label the similarities on each building: carvings, columns, marble steps (This is a good activity to post on bulletin board or in hall with the standard.) Day 3: Click on link of last slide of SB lesson (page 23), to explore The Greek World. Use SB lesson (page 13) to have students come to smart board and write in the Venn Diagrams, to sort topics by Ancient Greek Olympics, Modern Day Olympics or Both. See SB lesson (page 14) for answer key. Have students add to their circle maps. Day 4: Preparation: Make copies of The Olympics with questions printed on the back (pages 29-30). Read the article I wrote called, The Olympics, and have students read to locate the answers for the comprehension questions. Afterwards, have students add new information learned to their circle maps. Day 5: Preparation: You will need to register at one of the following links. It is free. http://www.gpb.org/education or http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/

41 Watch United Streaming Video My Big Fat Greek Olympics. Have students add new information learned to their circle maps. Use construction paper and fold it so there are eight squares. Inside the four on the left, have students illustrate and label items associated with ancient Greek Olympics (i.e. laurel wreaths, marathon, coliseum, only males). Inside the four squares on the right, do the same but with items associated with modern day Olympics (i.e. medals, marathons, ice skating or other activities, both males and females, many countries). (This is a good activity to post on bulletin board or in hall with the standard.) Day 6: View SB lesson (pages 15-20). Read and discuss voting in Ancient Greece. Have students add to their circle maps. Day 7: View SB lesson (pages 21). Read and discuss the two types of democracy. Give instructions for role playing activity (see page 28). Have students add to their Circle maps. Day 8: Hand out the study guide. Have students work with a partner to quiz each other over the material. Give Matching Review (page 24) for a grade. I have provided a key (page 26). You may choose to allow them to use their study guide to locate the answers. Day 9: Have students make a double bubble map to compare and contrast ancient Olympics to modern day Olympics (pg 48). This is similar to the Venn Diagram. Draw two circles bubbles with the names of the topics to be compared. Draw circles between the two title circles to list items that are similar between the two of them (how they are alike). Draw lines connecting bubbles (see test answer key). Then draw more circles on the outsides to list differences, and

42 connect with lines. Note: The number of circles bubble do not have to be the same on each side. See the double bubble map on the test key for an example. Day 10: Play this simple whole class game Mystery Phrase, using the study guide to review. Divide the class into table teams or simply girls and boys. Think of a unit-related phrase, like The United States was influenced by Greek Architecture and Culture. Write this phrase on the board, but use blanks instead of letters. Using the study guide, ask a student from one group a question. If he or she answers correctly, he or she gets to guess a letter (no vowels). If the letter appears in the phrase, let the student roll the dice to determine points. Now fill in all the blanks in the mystery phrase where that letter belongs. For scoring, multiply the point value on the dice times the number of blanks revealed with their letter choice. (example: If a student choose the letter t in the phrase above, and rolled a 5 on the dice, the score would be 35 = 7 x 5). Record that score on the board under that team s name and now call out a question for the next player on the second team. (I draw an area called the Used Letter Board, where I list letters that have already been called out but were not in the puzzle.) When all blanks are revealed, and there are only vowels left, I allow that team to try and guess the phrase for an additional 30 points. If they can t do it, then the next team gets to try. Another option would be to allow them to spend some of their points to buy vowels, like in Wheel of Fortune. Day 11: Give Test

43 KEY Influence of Ancient Greece: Architecture, Culture, and Government Matching Review Directions: Write the letter of the word or phrase in the box that matches the sentences below. b. Parthenon b. written law c. political ideas d. columns e. democracy f. lottery g. jury h. representative democracy i. direct democracy i 1. A form of government where all citizens directly participate in the decision making process. b 2. What was first recorded in Greece in the 6 th century? c 3. What did democracy most likely begin with? f 4. How were jury members selected in ancient Greece? h 5. A form of government where people choose others to represent them. d 6. Which architectural element is often seen in buildings and often associated with Greece? e 7. A form of government where the citizens take charge of their own affairs by electing their leaders. b 8. Which ancient Greek building looks similar to the U. S. Supreme Court and Lincoln Memorial? g 9. A group of people in a court of law that decide if a person is innocent or guilty of a crime they are accused of committing.

44 KEY The Influence of Greece Unit Test Circle the answer to the following questions. 16. Democracy means a. ruled by a king b. ruled by a small group c. ruled by the people or citizens 17. In this type of democracy, citizens meet together to make decisions about governing their city, state, or nation. a. direct democracy b. dictatorship c. representative democracy 18. In this type of democracy, citizens choose other citizens to represent, or stand for, them in the government. a. direct democracy b. dictatorship c. representative democracy 19. Athenians believed that the people should be able to choose their own. a. leaders b. king c. president 20. Leaders in the United states government are chosen by its a. men only b. citizens c. jury

45 21. Democracy originated, or started in a. Athens, Greece b. Washington, D. C. c. Rome, Italy 22. Who was given the right to vote in ancient Athens? a. adult males b. adult females c. foreigners living in Athens 23. What type of democracy was practiced in ancient Athens? a. free b. direct c. representative 24. What type of democracy is practiced in the United States today? a. free b. direct c. representative 25. Which of the following structures in Washington, D.C., most shows influence of Greek architecture as seen in the Parthenon? a. Washington Monument b. Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall c. U. S. Supreme Court building d. White House 26. Which architectural element, often seen in government buildings, is associated with ancient Greece? a. domes b. columns c. porches 27. Where is Greece located? a. in North America b. in Italy c. in Europe

46 28. Where did the Olympics begin? a. the United States b. Atlanta c. Greece 29. How are the Parthenon and the Lincoln Memorial building alike? both include the following architectural elements: columns, marble steps, and carvings 15 23. Use the words in the word/phrase bank to fill in the double bubble map, to compare and contrast the Olympics of ancient Athens to the Olympics of today. Word / Phrase Bank marathons coliseum rings stadium recognized their athletes only males could compete medals given as recognition laurel wreaths as recognition both males and females could complete laurel wreaths as recognition marathons stadium only males compete Olympics of Ancient Athens rings Modern Day Olympics both males and females compete coliseum recognized their athletes medals given as recognition

47 24. Which letter that shows the location of Greece. a. A b. B c. C A B C

48 Name Date Double Bubble Activity for Comparing and Contrasting Directions: Use the word / phrase band to compare and contrast ancient Greece to the United States today. Word / Phrase Bank marathons coliseum columns rings stadium recognized their athletes in Olympics medals given as recognition only males could compete in Olympics laurel wreaths as recognition both males and females could complete in Olympics direct democracy representative democracy Ancient Athens United States