LIVABLE CITIES FOR THE 21st CENTURY People oriented City Planning as Strategy JAN GEHL, PROFESSOR, DR. LITT. FOUNDING PARTNER: GEHL ARCHITECTS URBAN QUALITY CONSULTANTS, COPENHAGEN
Graduation as Architect 1960 The all time low point of City planning
4 decades Life Between Buildings 1st edition 1971 Published in many versions in 22 languages of research New City Spaces - 2001 Public Spaces Public Life - 1996 New City Life - 2006
Making People Visible
Bangladesh, Vietnam Iran,
Cities for People Available in all major languages!!
1960 CHANGE OF PARADIGME
After 1960 Rapid growth, Large units City Plan Scale Birdseye view / Aircraftperspective Site Plan Scale Rooftop / Helicopterperspective People Scale Eyelevel / 5 km/h perspective
1960 CHANGE OF PARADIGME From 1955. Carinvasion Perth, West Australia Elsinore, Denmark
All Cities have Traffic Departments and perfect statistics concerning traffic and parking * * Do you know of any Citydepartment for pedestrians and public life? Hardly any City have statistics and data concerning the people who use the city
2013: After 50 years: Another change of Paradigme
Lively City / Livable City
Safe city
Sustainable City A good Public Realm is a crucial factor for good Public Transportation
Healthy City Houston -the City with the fattest people of the World
Suggestion for simple City improvement Policy In this City everything will be done to invite people to walk and bicycle as much as possible in the course of their daily day doings (Keyword is indeed inviting)
Copenhagen 1962 2013 From traffic place to People Place 50 Years Anniversary
Strøget (main street) pedestrianized 1962 1962 1986
In 1962 all 18 squares were parking lots - now they are all people squares 1953 1974
A gradual reduction of Parking in the City Center 2-3% pr. year
Public Space-Public Life Surweys: Copenhagen 1968, 1985, 1995 (+2005)
Many more People are walking in the city
We do not have to think and act as 1960s traffic engineers for ever - times are changing and traffic engineers are by now much smarter Copenhagen Street: 2 Sidewalks, 2 proper bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street
Priority for pedestrians and bicyclists Sidewalks and bicycle tracks across side streets
City of Copenhagen New Strategy 2009 Best City in the World for People
Bicycling in Copenhagen -on a citywide network of bicycle lanes
-an efficient, citywide transportation system
Bicycles are taken straight through the street crossings and the lanes are marked with blue Bicycle signals turns green six seconds before the car signals
Regulations: All Taxis must provide racks for 2 bicycles
Trains & Metro welcoming bicycles
A bicycle culture have step by step been developed Everybody bikes
Cello- and bass players cycle
-All Age Groups bicycle from 5-85+ Age 92 Mother in law:age 85
The Danish Crown Prince is doing it too Two guys on the road towards the throne Princes Frederik and Christian on their way to the day care
Going to work in the City of Copenhagen 37% use bicycle 27% drive car 33% use public transit 5% walk
70% continue to bike in the winter
Major complaint : Serious congestions -on the bicycle lanes
Bicycling has doubled in 10 years
Green routes - separate double directional routes for bicycles only
Dublin
City of Copenhagen: Bicycle Strategy 2011 From rather good to being best in the World
Oct 2011: New Danish Government arriving on bicycles at the Palace to be commissioned by the Queen. No Limousines no more?
Congratulations Copenhagen: Worlds most livable city (Monocle 2013)
Melbourne, - 3 mio. Inh.
The Age c. 1980
Melbourne, Australia, 1994 - Swanston Street- before Swanston Street- after
MELBOURNE City Center 1994-2004 Pedestrian traffic weekdays daytime: +40% Pedestrian traffic evening: +100 % Stationary activities +200-300%
Retail Residential Office Vacancies Employment Bars and Pubs
Copenhagen Melbourne oct 07
SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA. (4 Mio.)
Main Street in Sydney to be transformed to Pedestrians, Bicycles and Light Rail Present situation George St. After conversion
WORLD S MOST LIVEABLE CITIES, MONOCLE 2013 1. Copenhagen 2. Melbourne 3. Helsinki 4. Tokyo 5. Vienna 6. Zürich 7. Stockholm 8. Munich 9. Sydney 10. Auckland YELLOW = GEHL Architects have been advisors
GREATER ER, NEW YORK
9 th Avenue after, with Copenhagen style bike lane New York, USA, 2007-2009 9 th Avenue- before
New York, USA 2007-2009 Broadway, Herald Square - before Broadway Herald Square - after
New York, USA 2007-2009 Broadway, Times Square - before Broadway, Times Square - after
Broadway Boulevard 23 May 2009 When you can make it there you can make it anywhere, New York, New York!!
Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize (Singapore) 2010 1. Bilbao 2. Melbourne 2012 1. New York 2. Copenhagen / Malmø YELLOW = GEHL Architects have been advisors
Moscow, Russia: Where car is King
Tverskaya Main Street,Moscow December 2011
Towards a great city for people Gehl Architects, July 2013
Mayor of Moscow Sergei Sobyanin
July 2013
July 2013
Tverskaya Main Street Moscow December 2011 July 2013
Moscow, City Hall Square December 2011 July 2013
Moscow, City Hall Square July 2013
Sustainable Cities, Fine! People Cities, will do more - Lively City - Safe City - Sustainable City - Healthy City
WELCOME TO THE 21st CENTURY
Spectacular structures as City improvement strategy
High and / or fancy buildings as City Improvement Strategy
Fancy Structures and Funny Figures as City Improvement Strategy
OR PROVIDING A FINE CITY FOR PEOPLE AS STRATEGY BARCELONA LYON COPENHAGEN MELBOURNE
We can design a City Sustainable Buildings full of
But it does not mean that the City is Sustainable