BIKE PARKING IN SHOPPING STRIPS

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "BIKE PARKING IN SHOPPING STRIPS"

Imogen Shepherd
8 years ago
Views:

1 BIKE PARKING IN SHOPPING STRIPS Alison Lee Senior Consultant, Booz & Company, Melbourne Mob: Masters of Urban Planning thesis, 2007 University of Melbourne, Research Supervisor: Dr. Alan March Lee, A. and March, A. (2007) What is the economic contribution of cyclists compared to car drivers in inner Melbourne s shopping strips? Melbourne: Unpublished Master of Urban Planning Thesis, University of Melbourne 0

2 Other uses of parking in public spaces Clockwise from right: Designer Michael Rakowitz's P(LOT), Vienna, Austria Parking Day in London and Fairfield (Aust), Sept Designer Adrien Rovero s Bike Rack Restaurant, Avignon France 1

Austria Parking Day in London and Fairfield (Aust), Sept.

3 1. What is the role of public space? 2. Inherent challenges in installing bike parking 3. Lygon Street case study Lee, A. and March, A. (2007) What is the economic contribution of cyclists compared to car drivers in inner Melbourne s shopping strips? Melbourne: Unpublished Master of Urban Planning Thesis, University of Melbourne 2

4 1. What is the role of public space? 2. Inherent challenges in installing bike parking 3. Lygon Street case study Lee, A. and March, A. (2007) What is the economic contribution of cyclists compared to car drivers in inner Melbourne s shopping strips? Melbourne: Unpublished Master of Urban Planning Thesis, University of Melbourne 3

5 Public space for social and economic activity FOR EXAMPLE Public seating = Social On street dining = Social/Economic Parking = Economic 4

6 Changing uses of public space with more traffic 1950s Today High street, Northcote 5

7 more landscaping, wider footpaths s Today Lygon St, Carlton 6

8 more parking 1910 Today Smith St, Collingwood 7

9 and more bike parks Cycling to Work: Residents of Inner Melbourne Region 1 % of total population who ride to work 6,000 4% Male 5,000 Female 4,000 3% +125% 3,000 2% 2,000 1, ) Includes Cities of Melbourne, Yarra and Port Phillip Source: ABS Census, Journey to Work data, 1996, 2001 and

3,000 2% 2,000 1,000 0 1996 2001 2006 1) Includes Cities of Melbourne, Yarra

10 Location options for bike parking Footpaths Capacity limited Bike parking buildings Kerb extensions at intersections Use green space On street car parking Expensive Only needed where demand is very high Only possible in some location Likely to be unpopular Applicable widely Useful in locations which have limited capacity for footpath bike parking Others 9

where demand is very high Only possible in some location Likely to be unpopular

11 1. What is the role of public space? 2. Inherent challenges in installing bike parking 3. Lygon Street case study Lee, A. and March, A. (2007) What is the economic contribution of cyclists compared to car drivers in inner Melbourne s shopping strips? Melbourne: Unpublished Master of Urban Planning Thesis, University of Melbourne 10

12 Parking changes are controversial Implementing ANY plan that requires changes to car parking is difficult Traders are concerned about loss of revenue People going elsewhere Lack of convenience Bike riders don t spend money Some recent media headlines: Lygon St traders fight parking meter plans 1 Heidelberg traders parking mad 2 Plan to turn Sydney Road into a cycle way 3. the idea has outraged local traders 1) The Age online, 24/5/06 2) Heidelberg Leader online, 17/6/09 3) The Age online 22/8/08 11

headlines: Lygon St traders fight parking meter plans 1 Heidelberg traders parking mad 2 Plan to turn Sydney Road into a

13 KEY QUESTION What is the economic value of replacing car parking with bike parking in shopping strips? Environment RESULT Increasing the rate of bike parking can have economic benefits Economy? THIS PRESENTATION 7 Findings Health 12

Environment RESULT Increasing the rate of bike parking

14 1. What is the role of public space? 2. Inherent challenges in installing bike parking 3. Lygon Street case study Lee, A. and March, A. (2007) What is the economic contribution of cyclists compared to car drivers in inner Melbourne s shopping strips? Melbourne: Unpublished Master of Urban Planning Thesis, University of Melbourne 13

15 LYGON STREET Study Background ELGIN STREET Case study selection Demand for Car Parking Petrol Station Demand for Bike Parking Limited Footpath Space Used by locals Used by metro visitors CARDIGAN STREET MILLER LANE 219 Readings Bookstore Cinema Nova Courthouse Theatre 160 DRUMMOND STREET Application of Findings Shopping strips (not stand alone malls) TYNE STREET Borders Bookshop Safeway Supermarket Inner Melbourne Method 1: Visitor Travel Survey to determine: Expenditure of cyclist/drivers Trip types Origin (residence) King & Godfrey Brunetti s Wine Shop & Deli Cake Shop FARADAY STREET Case study area: Lygon St Carlton (2007) Method 2: Public Space Mapping How much space is allocated to cars compared to bikes? KEY: Public Space Private Space: Commercial Private Space: Residential Off Street Public Parking Stations Bus Route and Stop Tram Route On-road bike lane On-street bike parking hoop Pedestrian only 14

Supermarket Inner Melbourne Method 1: Visitor Travel Survey to determine: Expenditure of cyclist/drivers Trip types Origin (residence) King & Godfrey Brunetti s Wine Shop & Deli Cake Shop FARADAY

16 Many visitors arrived by car and come to shop Mode Split Lygon Street, Carlton 12% Bike Car Walked Public Transport Trip Purpose Lygon Street, Carlton 31% 20% 18% 39% 16% 15% 5% 7% 9% 29% In- Transit (through 15 strip) Café/ Entertainment Restaurant Grocery Shopping Other Shopping Services Work

Carlton 31% 20% 18% 39% 16% 15% 5% 7% 9% 29% In- Transit (through 15

17 FINDING 1: Car users spend more money and more time Expenditure by mode ($) Projection: Per trip +91% Average Time Spent by Mode Per trip Trip duration $ 62 $ 118 $ 79 $ 80 Bike Car 1 hour 18 min 1 hour 49 min Bike Drove or was driven Walked Caught public transport Expenditure: Per minute +37% $0.79 per min $1. 30 per min Bike Drove or was driven Walked Caught public transport * Based on car occupancy of 1.2 people per car 16

or was driven Walked Caught public transport Expenditure: Per minute +37% $0.79 per min $1. 30 per min 0.79 1.

18 FINDING 2: Space used by bikes generates 3.6 times more expenditure $78* Per hour Expenditure generated by Parking Space Car Area of Parking space 13m2 Expenditure $7 per m2/ hr Bike 1.5m2 $31 per m2/ hr $47 Per hour $47 $47 Per hour Per hour $47 Per hour $47 Per hour $47 Per hour 13m2 $283 Per hour * Based on car occupancy of 1.2 people per car 13m2 17

of Parking space 13m2 Expenditure $7 per m2/ hr Bike 1.

19 Lygon Street project replaced 2 car spaces with 12 bike spaces Before: 2 Cars After: 12 Bikes 100% occupied = $156 p/h revenue generated 100% occupied = $565 p/h revenue generated ~30% occupied = >$156 p/h revenue generated 18

$156 p/h revenue generated 100% occupied = $565 p/h

20 Where will I park? It might rain Is it safe? Is it convenient? I need exercise! Infrastructure influences mode choice How will I get to Lygon Street? 19 Will I have to pay to park? PRELIMINARY FINDING 3: Where will I park? I m not sure I ll find a convenient on-street park I know I will get a convenient park Will the roads be congested? My cars really nice!

19 Will I have to pay to park? PRELIMINARY FINDING 3: Where will I park?

21 PRELIMINARY FINDING 3: Infrastructure influences mode choice Would you cycle more with better infrastructure? Intercept Survey Responses: Eltham and Diamond Creek Car to Cycling 25% Yes No 75% Source: Booz & Company for Shire of Nillumbik, Nillumbik Sustainable Transport Study and Strategy,

22 FINDING 4: Equitable = up to 10 car parking spaces used for bike parking Lygon St: Supply of Car Parking and Bike Parking Compared to mode split No. of parking spaces (2007) Parking ratio Mode split ratio No. of parking spaces (fair) Bike 30* 1 bike park 1 cyclist 60 Requiring 10 car parking spaces Introduced incrementally + monitored. Car 173** 6 car parks 3 car users 163 * Includes only formal bike parking spaces (excludes poles) 1 hoop = 2 spaces ** Excludes off-street parking spaces 1:3 (2007) 21

23 FINDING 5: Clothing retail and food/drink premises benefit most from bike parking Car use greater than average Bike use greater than average 22 9% % 21% 25% 26% 29% 30% % 100% Average 91% 81% 79% 75% 74% 71% 70% 76% Bike Car Services Shopping: Grocery Entertainment Shopping: Clothing / Comparison Goods Work In Transit (through strip) Food/ Drink Premises AVERAGE 22

24 Cycling isn t available to everyone Cycling catchment = SMALL 3 top places of residence for cyclists: 21% Carlton North 13% Carlton 11% Brunswick/Brunswick East Lygon Street Suburb of residence Visitors travelling by bike 23

25 FINDING 6: Car access ensures metro accessibility Driving catchment = LARGE Lygon Street Variety of residential postcodes for: Car drivers and passengers = 250 Public transport users = 58 Cyclists = 39 Pedestrian = 25 Suburb of residence Visitors travelling by car 24

26 FINDING 7: Many drivers drive to Lygon Street (who don t have to) 3 top places of residence for car users: 8% Brunsw /Brunsw East (4km) 6% Carlton North (2.5km) 6% Carlton (>1.5km) = 20% Same as cyclists Lygon Street 20% car users are from top 3 cycling origins Suburb of residence Visitors travelling by car Some people have to drive, eg: Mobility impairment; Heavy shopping; Stopping en route Unlikely to be 20% of car trips 25

27 In summary 7 Findings: 1. Car users spend more money 2. Space used by bikes generates 3.6 times more expenditure 3. Infrastructure influences mode choices (prelim. finding) 4. Fair = Parking provision commensurate with mode split 5. Highest economic benefit: Food/Drink premises and clothing/comparison goods retailers 6. Car ensures Metro accessibility 7. Many driver choose to drive (but do not have to)

WHAT IS THE ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF CYCLISTS COMPARED TO CAR DRIVERS IN ALISON LEE MASTERS OF URBAN PLANNING

WHAT IS THE ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF CYCLISTS COMPARED TO CAR DRIVERS IN INNER SUBURBAN MELBOURNE S SHOPPING STRIPS? 2008 ALISON LEE MASTERS OF URBAN PLANNING FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE BUILDING AND PLANNING