In accordance with the nature of the variables, it is based that the study was of

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK. 3.1 Type of Investigation. In accordance with the nature of the variables, it is based that the study was of three types: Descriptive, since it seeks to specify properties, characteristics and important features of any phenomenon that is analyzed; this type of investigation selects a series of questions and measures or gathers data, so it describes what is investigated. Correlational as by this way the variables are correlated through a predictable pattern for a group or population. This type of study also has the purpose to know the relation that could exist between two or more concepts, categories or variables in a context in particular. Exploratory the exploratory investigation serves to acquaint us with relatively unknown phenomena or that have not been really taken to an investigation of this magnitude. 13 It is important to mention that the information which was obtained after having administered the instruments to the student population of the districts 14-15, 14-02, 14-03 and 14-04 of the public sector of the department of The Union was used to 13 Hernández Sampieri Roberto, Metodología de la investigación. (Cuarta Edición) - 33 -

be analyzed and in accordance with the results, the conclusions and recommendations concerning the problem of study were formulated. 3.2 Design and techniques for gathering Information For the compilation of the information there was used the technique of the poll, through which, the necessary information was compiled in a systematical way that there are a part of the sample of chosen pupils from the districts 14-15, 14-02, 14-03 and 14-04 of the public sector of the department of La Union. To investigate the area related to the problem in study, an instrument was prepared taking as a base for its design the indicators of each of the variables. 3.3 Method of research study: To execute the investigation with intentions of obtaining reliable results, the scientific method was applied, based on its components as they are: The selection of a problem in study, in this case of the area of education from which hypotheses were formulated to guide the investigation, emphasizing his corresponding system of variables and indicators that served as base for the preparation of the questionnaires of opinion, and with the obtained information, the statistical test of the formulated hypotheses were done, in order to prepare the conclusions and recommendations on the problem under study. - 34 -

It is worth to mention that also the analytical synthetic processes was used as base to study the topic under investigation and this way, to explain its theoretical and practical beginning in an independent way; thus, at the end, to obtain the above mentioned information and to understand what is the stated problem about. 3.4.1 Population The investigation was done in the following institutions: Complejo Educativo Mario Gómez (14-03), National Institute Prof. Francisco Ventura Zelaya (14-15), National Institute of La UNION (14-04), Complejo Educativo Canton El Tamarindo (14-02) with the students who attend classes for the program COMPITE. 3.4.2 Sample: The sample was formed by 17 students belonging to the Complejo Educativo Mario Gómez, 25 students of the National Institute Prof. Francisco Ventura Zelaya, 10 students of the National Institute of La Union and 25 of the Complejo Educativo Canton El Tamarindo doing a total of 77 students. It was decided to take a non probabilistic sampling for convenience reasons since the whole population of each of the benefited institutions will be taken into the sample. The lists of the students who were in the sample are shown in the following charts: - 35 -

Teacher: ANGEL ORLANDO ARGUETA Course: ELEVENTH Program: COMPITE BACHILLERATO TECNICO Hour: 7:30-12:30 PM Section: A Place: CONCHAGUA No Class Hours 40 STUDENT'S NAME 1 BARCIA HERNANDEZ, ISAIAS ANTONIO 2 CORDOVA, CLAUDIA ESMERALDA 3 CORDOVA, DIANA BEATRIZ 4 GONZALEZ, KAREN JAQUELINE 5 GUTIERRES, JAIRO ISAI 6 HERNANDEZ DIAZ, ANTONIO ISABEL 7 MALDONADO, JEOVANY ALEXANDER 8 MARTINEZ INTERIANO, ANA RUTH 9 MARTINEZ INTERIANO, CARLOS ESAU 10 MARTINEZ MORENO, WELMAN ALEXANDER 11 PONCE SALINAS, LENNY GUADALUPE 12 RAMIREZ LIZAMA, HECTOR ANTONIO 13 RODRIGUEZ BONILLA, MIRIAN ROSSANA 14 RUIZ PONCE, HERNAN ANTONIO 15 VELASQUEZ, EVER ALEXANDER 16 VELASQUEZ HERNANDEZ, SERGIO OMAR 17 ZELAYANDIA MENDEZ, JEZZER OTONIEL Teacher: DAVID ISRAEL ALVARADO Course: ELEVENTH Program: COMPITE BACHILLERATO TECNICO Hour: 7:30-12:30 PM Section: A Place: EL TAMARINDO No Class Hours 40 STUDENT'S NAME 1 STUDENT'S NAME 2 CANALES, ANA GRISELDA 3 CARRANZA, ROXANA LIZETH 4 CERNA GARCIA, DINORA DEL CARMEN 5 CERNA GARCIA, FRANCISCA ESMERALDA 6 FERMAN HUMANZOR, JOSE AMILCAR 7 GONZALES FLORES, LISSETTE MARISELA 8 JURADO MARTINEZ, HUGO EDENILSON 9 LOPEZ GARCIA, NANCY ARELI 10 LOPEZ, WENDY JOHANA 11 POSADA UMAÑA, MILAGRO GUADALUPE 12 QUINTANILLA HENRIQUEZ, GERSON ISAAC 13 QUINTANILLA, CRISTIAN ALEJANDRO 14 REYES, KENY ALBERTO 15 SARAVIA, GLENDA VERONICA 16 SOLORZANO, WILBER ALEXANDER 17 SORTO FLORES ANGEL DE JESUS 18 SORTO FLORES, RONALD JEOVANNY 19 TORRES, JOHNNY WILLIAN 20 UMANZOR, BRENDA NOEMI 21 UMANZOR ROSA LISSETH 22 UMAÑA ZAVALA, MARICELA JOSSABET 23 VARGAS, CECILIA IDALIA 24 VASQUEZ, CITRY MAGDALENA 25 VELASQUEZ, JOSUE DANIEL - 36 -

Teacher: JOAB ELIAZAR CRUZ HERNANDEZ Course: ELEVENTH Program: COMPITE BACHILLERATO TECNICO Hour: 7:30-12:30 PM Section: A Place: INLU LA UNION No Class Hours 40 STUDENT'S NAME 1 DIAZ MANZANO, ROBERTO ARISTIDES 2 FUENTES ORELLANA, GERARDO ANTONIO 3 GOMEZ MENDOZA, NANCY LOURDES 4 JUAREZ PORTILLO, YONIS ALEXANDER 5 NAVARRETE BENITEZ, CLAUDIA LISSETE 6 NAVARRETE BENITEZ, WALTER NAUN 7 RODRIGUEZ H, ARACELY ROXANA 8 SANCHEZ HERNANDEZ, JOSE NOE 9 VENTURA, HEIDI CLEOTILDE 10 ZELAYANDIA, JOSE MAURO Teacher: MIGUEL ANGEL OLIVARES ALVARADO Course: ELEVENTH Program: COMPITE BACHILLERATO TECNICO Hour: 7:30-12:30 PM Section: A Place: SANTA ROSA No Class Hours 40 STUDENT'S NAME 1 ALVARENGA,DIGNA JOSELIN 2 AMAYA SALMERON, VICTOR JOSE 3 BAUTISTA RONALD DAVID 4 BONILLA CRUZ, KAREN YULISSA 5 BORJAS ORTIZ, SARA EMERITA 6 CARCAMO, ELVIA MARINA 7 CONTRERAS MORENO, HEISSER JUDITH 8 FUENTES RIOS, NOEL ANTONIO 9 GARAY, SONIA MARITZA 10 GARAY, VINA CONCEPCION 11 GARCIA CHAVARRIA, FLOR MARICELA 12 GARCIA CHAVARRIA, YENI GRISELDA 13 GRANADOS, NOHEMI CONCEPCION 14 GUZMAN JAIRO FRANCISCO 15 GUZMAN RIOS, EDWIN SALOMON 16 HERNANDEZ FUENTES, GLENDA LISSETH 17 HERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, INGRID ROXANA 18 LAZO GUTIERREZ, JUANA HAYDEE 19 LOPEZ MELGAR, NANCY ELIZABETH 20 MELGAR HERNANDEZ, FLOR MARIA 21 PORTILLO, BLANCA ROXANA 22 REYES, MORENA BEATRIZ 23 RIOS UMANZOR, YOSSELYN SARAI 24 VALLADARES, ROGER ALEXANDER 25 BONILLA CRUZ, ESTEFANY MARISOL - 37 -

3.5 Techniques of Analysis The technique of the poll was used to gather the investigation data. The necessary information was obtained from the sample of districts benefited in the department of La Union. 3.6 The research study instrumentation Previously, the application of the poll technique was justified. The respective instruments were designed; that is, the questionnaires of opinion that each one of the beneficiary persons (students and teachers) answered, taking the indicators of the variables under study as a base for its design, giving a total of 16 items. It is necessary to clarify that the items of the questionnaires have the same base in their content, but their wording is different for teachers and students. So they analyzed them and answered in accordance with their own criterion; on the other hand, the questions were closed (Yes No). The items were designed in accordance with the following order: Hypothesis Nº 1 (6 items) V.I 1-4 V.D 5-8 Hypothesis Nº 2 (6 items) V.I. 9-12 Hypothesis Nº 3 (6 items) V.I. 13-16 - 38 -

3.3.1 Statistical Method. Data, in this investigation, were processed through the application of the statistical formula of Chi-square (X): (Of Ef) 2 X 2 = -------------------- Ef Where Of = Observed frequency Ef = Expected frequency X 2 = Chi-square The observed frequencies were obtained by adding the information of the items that correspond to each of three hypotheses formulated in every category of response, after was elaborated the Contingency Table: (2x2) that contain in their two files (horizontal resources) the results of (yes-no) answers of the independent variable, and in the columns (vertical resources) and the measure of the dependent variables being the measuring data the observed frequencies (fo) and the procedure to calculate expected frequencies (fe) in according to the next formula: T.M.FXT.M.C FE = -------------------------- T.E After complete the contingency table its processed through the application of the statistical formula of Chi-square x 2 p the confirmation of hypothesis is obtained in a cording to the next relationships: If x 2 p>x 2 c is accepted Ho If x 2 p<x 2 c is rejected Ho. - 39 -

To determine expected frequency of chi-square its take in consideration the degree of liberty (v) through the application of the next formula: Where: V: Degree of liberty F: Number of files (2) C: Number of columns (2) From there that: V= (2-1) (2-1) V= 1 In the Chi-square table indicated the limit significance to accept or reject each hypothesis, taking in consideration the level of significance of 0.05% that is the margin of error. - 40 -