Sustainable Inclusive Cities as drivers of Global Transformation Bonn Conference for Global Transformation From Politics to Implementation Bonn, 12 th May 2015 Aromar Revi @AromarRevi Indian Institute for Human Settlements, Bangalore, India Co-Chair, SDSN Sustainable Cities Thematic Group & #urban SDG Campaign 1
Is urban transformation possible?
RBAN TRANSFORMATION BERLIN (1945)
URBAN TRANSFORMATION BERLIN: REMEMBERING THE WALL (2011)
URBAN TRANSFORMATION SHANGHAI (1987)
URBAN TRANSFORMATION SHANGHAI (2014)
Can cities & regions enable global transformation?
Largest cities in the World (2025) Source: IIED, 2014
Cities and regions are the 21 st century engines of inclusive growth & sustainable development
How cities could enable global transformation?
How Cities enable growth & (sustainable) development? INVESTMENT / PRODUCTIVITY/ RISK Ln (output/ mean output) Risk & Conflict < 50% Productivity & Innovation β = 1.2 Integrated Infrastructure β = 0.8 2x Ln (population/ mean population) CITY SIZE Source: West & Bettencourt et al, 2007, 2013 Scaling laws of infrastructure & connectivity: Cities and regions as physical & social networks
But will this be inclusive & sustainable?
Core challenges of the 21 st century Sustainability Transition Present consumption requires ~2.0 worlds 21 st century Population growth needs 1.5+ worlds Ending poverty at present throughput ~2.0 worlds Available only One World
Cities concentrate poverty, informality, risk and the potential for strife
CITIES CONCENTRATE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY & INFORMALITY JAKARTA
CITIES CONCENTRATE RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS HURRICANE KATRINA NEW ORLEANS
CITIES CONCENTRATE VULNERABILITY CARACAS
CITIES CONCENTRATE INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENY RISK BHOPAL (1984)
CITIES CONCENTRATE TECHNOLOGICAL RISK FUKUSHIMA/SENDAI (2011)
CITIES CONCENTRATE CLIMATE RISK CITIES > 0.75m (2050s)
CIVIL STRIFE KIEV
CIVIL STRIFE HONG KONG
OPPORUNITIES OF CITIZEN MOBILISATION CAIRO
How Cities enable growth & (sustainable) development? INVESTMENT / PRODUCTIVITY/ RISK Ln (output/ mean output) Risk & Conflict < 50% Productivity & Innovation β = 1.2 Integrated Infrastructure β = 0.8 2x Ln (population/ mean population) CITY SIZE Source: West & Bettencourt et al, 2007, 2013 Scaling laws of infrastructure & connectivity: Cities and regions as physical & social networks
SDG SUMMIT: 25-27 TH SEPTEMBER 2015 UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY: NEW YORK
What could the SDGs deliver by 2030?
Education + health care: for all 5 billion urban citizens
Move 1-2 billion from slums: into secure housing + adequate services
600 million meaningful new jobs: addressing informality & better working conditions
Build resilience & address informality: $90 trillion urban economy
How could cities & regions enable global transformation?
1.1 BILLION NEW PRODUCTIVE JOBS BY 2030 GUANGZHOU
SAFE, ADEQUATE & WELL-SERVICES HOUSING FOR 1-2 BILLION+ LIVING IN SLUMS HONG KONG
SECURE & INCLUSIVE BUILT ENVIRONMENT & UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO GREEN PUBLIC PLACES LONDON
SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY & UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES BANGKOK
SECURE REGIONAL FOOD SYSTEMS & SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE VANCOUVER
SUSTAINABLE & ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORTION BOGOTA
RELIABLE, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & CLEAN MANUFACTURING COPENHAGEN
DEPLOYMENT OF DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES HONG KONG
END EXTREME URBAN POVERTY, INCREASE PROSPERITY & REDUCE INEQUALITY SINGAPORE
END EXTREME URBAN POVERTY, INCREASE PROSPERITY & REDUCE INEQUALITY PORTO ALEGRE
BATTLE FOR THE URBAN SDG WILL BE WON IN THE CITIES OF ASIA, AFRICA & LATIN AMERICA DALIAN
What have we (almost) gained? Beginning of global synergy across urban groups A urban SDG that we can (almost) live with Urbanisation & localization of the SDG frame Possible pathway via FFD, SDG Summit & CoP21 to Habitat III
What may we have (partially) lost? Urban productivity and employment Fractured infrastructure mandate Balance & synergy between rural & urban Localisation agenda
Where are we most at risk? I. Limited political conversation on emerging (local to global) urban governance frame II. III. Global institutional vacuum Deeply unprepared for cross-scale implementation IV. No clue about new financing mechanisms V. Local and national institutional capacity deficit
How do we finance sustainable urban development?
Financing Sustainable urban development Estimated annual financing requirements for infrastructure & WSS SDGs: $ 0.7 to 1.4 trillion This cannot be bridged by legacy aid mechanisms Private flows will have to make up > 50% of this Global net savings is many times investment required Huge gap in financial architecture to enable this
What do we need to do in the next 17 months?
Seven key steps on the way forward I. Recognise that cities & regions are the key success factor for successful SDG implementation II. III. Recognise #urban SDG:a powerful opportunity to strengthen member-state economy, society & polity Open an urban implementation focus at G-20 & WEF IV. Build a new architecture for localizing FFD V. Recognize local Govts & communities @SDG Summit VI. Cities as implementation frontrunners at Paris CoP21 VII. Establish a global geospatial M&E architecture
New GLocal Partnerships: ~ 200 countries & 2,000 local & regional governments i.e. new political, governance and fiscal arrangements
It s all about 600 million+ local jobs and universal provision of public goods & services
It s also about multi-trillion $ urban, infrastructure and housing financing opportunity: same conversation as the global financial architecture
The viability of the 21 st century state system depends on urban security, peace and safety that the #urbansdg is a key driver of sustainable development
Build governance & institutional capacity at local, regional, national and global scales at warp speed
Mobilise institutionally & politically: G-20, FFD, HLPF, WEF, Mayors & SDG Summit, CoP21, Habitat III