Priority Control in Japan Zuiki Yamashiro, National Police Agency of Japan Traffic Management and Control Division Hajime Sakakibara,Universal Traffic Management Society(UTMS) of Japan Yoshito Mashiyama,Universal Traffic Management Society(UTMS) of Japan
Today s Agenda 1. Who is Traff ffic Administrator in Japan 2. Publi lic Transportation Priority Systems on MODERATO 3. FAST Emergency Vehicle Preemption Systems
Government of Japan The Cab abinet Prime Minister s Off ffice Defense Agency National Public Safety Comm mmiss ssion EE National Poli lice Agency(NPA) Ministry of Finance Ministry of Transport EE
Organization of NPA Commiss ssioner General Community Safety Bureau Criminal Investigation Bureau Traffic Bureau Security Bureau EE
Roll of The National Police Agency in Japan Law Enforcement Traffic Regulation Traffic Management (cf.dot) Driver s License(cf.DMV) etc.
So Many Staff Police Officer: 1/4 Million Communication & Information Engineer: 4,000
Traffic Management Infrastructure in Japan Traffic Signals: 0.16 Million Road Traffic Signs: 7.6 Million Infrared Beacons: 20,000 Closed Circuit TV: 2,000 etc.
Traffic Signal
Traffic Light for Pedestrian
Road Traffic Sign
Infrared Beacon
Traffic Control Center
UTMS21 IIIS Intelligent Integrated ITV Systems DSSS Driving Safety Support Systems AMIS PTPS Public Transportation Priority Systems Advanced Mobile Information Systems MOCS Mobile Operation Control Systems ITCS Integrated Traffic Control Systems DRGS Dynamic Route Guidance Systems EPMS Environment Protection Management Systems HELP Help system for Emergency Life saving and Public safety PICS Pedestrian Information and Communication systems FAST Fast Emergency Vehicle Preemption systems
Infrared beacon & Installation condition Beacon Head Controller
Feature of Infrared Beacon Down-Link Up-Link
The features of communication ESpot Spot Communication and Lane by Lane Communication EPoint Point to Point Communication ESimple Simple Negotiation E High-speed interactive two-way communication
Specifications Down-Link Up-Link Wavelengths 850nm 850nm nm/950nm Communication Zone 3.5~3.7 3.7m 3.5~1.6 1.6m Transmission Speed 1024kbps 64kbps Data capacity 10kbytes 256bytes
Today s Agenda 1. Who is Traff ffic Administrator in Japan 2. Publi lic Transportation Priority Systems on MODERATO 3. FAST Emergency Vehicle Preemption Systems
Standardized configuration of MODERATO MODERATO Vehicle Detectors A : Image@Processing@type B : Ultrasonic type Traffic Control Traffic Signal LAN FEP NTCIP, TCP/IP A B C Vehicle Detectors Information Collection C : Infrared type Advanced Mobile Information Systems TEL & FAX Variable Message Sign VICS
Standardized configuration of MODERATO MODERATO Vehicle Detectors A : Image@Processing@type B : Ultrasonic type Traffic Control FEP LAN NTCIP, TCP/IP C : Infrared type Public Transportation Priority Control Traffic Signal A B C Vehicle Detectors Information Collection
Standardized configuration of MODERATO MODERATO Vehicle Detectors A : Image@Processing@type B : Ultrasonic type Traffic Control FEP LAN NTCIP, TCP/IP C : Infrared type Fast Emergency Vehicle Preemption systems Traffic Signal A B C Vehicle Detectors Information Collection
Concept of MODERATO Condition Light Nearsaturated Oversaturated Criterion Safe flow within speed limit Restraint of congestion 1. Balancing waiting time 2. Priority to arterial road Control Offset control with delay minimum Speed control Dilemma control Congestion control Balanced control Prior control Right turn actuation Flow rate maximization control
Outline of MODERATO Index for calculating of signal control parameters Lr = (Q in + k*e ) / S Where Lr : Load ratio Q in : Inflow (veh/2.5min) E : Vehicles in queue(veh) S : Saturation flow(veh/2.5min) k : Usage ratio of E (0<k=<1) Load demand (controlled) Outflow Q out Vehicles in queue E Inflow Q in Measurement
Outline of MODERATO Split control Lr i = Max(Lr i1, Lr i2 ) g i = Lr i / TLr Where Lr ij : Load ratio of direction j on an approach in phase i Lr i : Load ratio of phase i TLr : Load ratio of intersection(total of Lr i ) g i : Split of phase i Lr ij = (Q in + k*e ) / S
Outline of MODERATO Cycle control C = (a 1 *L+a 2 ) / (1.0 - a 3 *TLr) Where L : Loss time TLr : Load ratio of intersection(total of Lr i ) a1,a2 and a3 : Coefficients The coefficients a1=1.5, a2=0 and a3=1.0 are usually set so as not to give an excessive cycle length. Offset control It s calculated by the on-line simulation
PTPS(Public Transportation Priority Control) Traffic control center IR-beacon Bus operating center Bus Stop warning Warning message for the violating cars
PTPS(Public Transportation Priority Control) Traffic control center IR-beacon Bus operating center Bus Stop warning Bus approaching sign Warning message for the violating cars
PTPS(Public Transportation Priority Control) Traffic control center IR-beacon Bus operating center s @ QO Ž Travel time displayed in the bus Warning message for the violating cars Bus Stop Bus approaching sign
PTPS(Public Transportation Priority Control) Traffic control center Green-wave for the bus running through IR-beacon Bus operating center Travel time displayed in the bus Bus Stop warning Bus approaching sign Warning message for the violating cars
PTPS(Public Transportation Priority Control) Traffic control center Green-wave for the bus running through IR-beacon Bus operating center Bus Stop Bus approaching sign Travel time displayed in the bus Warning message for the violating cars
PTPS(Public Transportation Priority Control) Traffic control center Green-wave for the bus running through IR-beacon Bus operating center Bus Stop Bus approaching sign Travel time displayed in the bus Warning message for the violating cars
PTPS(Public Transportation Priority Control) Traffic control center Green-wave for the bus running through IR-beacon Bus operating center Bus Stop Bus approaching sign Travel time displayed in the bus Warning message for the violating cars
Results of Control In some prefectures which applied MODERATO in Traffic control center, MODERATO has made a reduction of approx.15% for traffic congestion. PTPS has made a reduction of approx.6% for travel time of the bus.
Today s Agenda 1. Who is Traff ffic Administrator in Japan 2. Publi lic Transportation Priority Systems on MODERATO 3. FAST Emergency Vehicle Preemption Systems
Emergency Calls to Police and Dispatches in Japan Emergency Calls to Police 6.5 Million Frequency Level of Emergency Calls 4.8 sec. Emergency Dispatches 3.5 Million Dispatched Emergency Vehicles 3.8 Million Average Response Time 5.45 sec.
Increase of Emergency Calls to Police Year 1988 1991 1993 1995 1997 Emergency Calls (Million) 3.9 4.7 5.0 5.7 6.5 Ratio of Increase @ 100 115 129 146 167
Response Time and Clearance Rate Response Time Less 3 min. 3-5 min. 5-10 min Emergency Dispatches 16,447 44,787 99,272 Clearances 11,825 4,343 7,476 Clearance Rate 11.1% 9.7% 7.5% Response Time: Time required for a policeman to arrive at the accident site after an emergency call is received
Aims Usage of Two-way Communication of Infrared Beacon Solve Accidents in Early Stages and Conduct Timely Rescue Actions Reduce the number of Accidents Involving Emergency Vehicles Improve Arrest Rate and Rescue Rate by Reducing Response Time
FAST System Image Optical Detector Optical Emitter Emergency Vehicle Information Board Infrared Beacon
Priority Traffic Signal Control 1. Coordinated Control System Priority Offset along the Emergency Vehicle Running Route 2. Site Control Extend Green Light or Shorten Red Light Infrared Beacon
Result of FAST 1st Verifying Test of FAST Date: June ~ July Place Trip Length Travel Time Tokyo Chiba 400m (1 int.) 1500m (3 int.) 40sec (50sec) 150sec. (180sec.)
E-mail: zyamashiro96@npa.go.jp http://www.npa.go.jp/ http://www.utms.or.jp/