Technologies and Techniques for Collecting Floating Car Data. Mike Hayward Head of Vehicle Telematics WS Atkins Transport Systems

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1 Technologies and Techniques for Collecting Floating Car Data Mike Hayward Head of Vehicle Telematics WS Atkins Transport Systems

2 Presentation What is Floating Car Data? Why is FCD of interest for Network Management Potential Applications Current Trends Comparisons with other ITS Applications Available Detection Technologies Uplink & Downlink Data Future Possibilities

3 WS Atkins Infrastructure design Maintenance Transport Planning Transport Systems (ITS)

4 What is Floating Car Data? Real-time (or historical) average speeds for individual vehicles on a specific section of road; Use of Headlights, Windscreen Wipers on, etc. Origin-Destination (from In-Vehicle Route Guidance system); Vehicle Occupancy (number of passengers); Hazardous Goods; Vehicle Type / Classification; Emissions Performance; Road Centre Line v GPS data.

5 Why FCD? More cost effective method of data collection e.g. for turn distributions, O-D matrices, journey times; More consistent level of accuracy; Trend information; Can be real-time => forecasts; Complex & accurate models of traffic behaviour; May discover Nuggets of information.

6 Potential Applications Network Model Development / Maintenance Telematic Services e.g. Traffic Information, Dynamic Route Guidance (Dynamic) Network Traffic Control Vehicle Fleet Management Speed Enforcement Emissions Management Research - e.g. Travel Behaviour

7 Current Trends Fitment of GPS & GSM equipment to vehicles Caller location (mobile and land-line) Automotive Standards: GATS CAN, J1850, IDB-T MOST, 1394, D2B, MML, HiQOS Mobile internet access Web enabled phones

8 Vehicle Telematics Applications Route Guidance / Navigation / AVL Emergency Call Management Real-Time Driver Information RDS-TMC, Cellular, DAB Parking Guidance and Fee Collection Fleet Management Telemetry / Data Collection Accident Data Recording / Analysis Automatic Debitting / Access Control Vehicle Security

9 Available Floating Car Data Gathering (Detection) Techniques Non Real-time: Manual surveys; Video recording and manual search; In-vehicle data recording. Real-time: Not inductive loop (without transponder); Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR); GPS trace + mobile comms e.g. GSM; Radio Signal Triangulation; Roadside beacon + dedicated short range tag.

10 No infrastructure required No in-vehicle equipment needed - Subject to human error - Health & safety issues - Costly - Needs to be repeated frequently - Administrative on-cost of data input and analysis Non Real-time I: Manual surveys

11 Non Real-time II: Video recording & manual search Roadside surveys not required Available now - Coverage dependent on surveillance camera locations - Camera locations may be non-optimal - Significant manual analysis required - Data may be intermittent - No real-time capability

12 Non Real-time III: Data recording (no telematics) Roadside surveys not required Available now Data matches needs of traffic models Data entry not required - Needs to be repeated frequently - Generates additional journeys - No real-time capability

13 Easy to install at roadside Low operating costs Data available now Data matches needs of traffic models Will support the needs of future applications - Coverage limited off trunk road network - Vehicle specific currently not included Real-time I: ANPR

14 Real-time II: GPS + Mobile comms No roadside infrastructure required Main routes / conurbations covered by networks - Operating costs high - Data not available until vehicle owners have purchased in-vehicle units - Coverage limited in remoter areas - Subject to reception problems

15 Real-time III: Radio Signal Triangulation No roadside infrastructure required Main routes / conurbations covered by networks No additional in-vehicle equipment needed - Location data variable and mostly too coarse - Not available yet - Coverage limited in remoter areas - Reception problems

16 Real-time IV: Roadside beacon + tag Wide bandwidth can support multiple services Good localisation of information transfer from/to vehicle - Significant roadside infrastructure and furniture needed - Data not available until vehicle owners have purchased in-vehicle units

17 Uplink Average speed over link Vehicle type / Emissions Class Location / Destination / Route VASP account On-Board Camera System Status / Vehicle Diagnostics History logs / bulk data License Plate / VIN number Driver details / Driver status Road Centre Line Data

18 Expected Time of Arrival / Traffic Speeds Event Information Road Closure / Traffic Restrictions Recommended Route Points of Information Speed Advice Availability of Parking & PT Services Other Promotional Material Other Digital Data Downlink

19 Commercial Application Protocols Nav / POI GATS Emergency Call FCD Traffic Information Fleet Management Breakdown Diagnostics WAP Messaging Banking General Info WWW Call Control Call-Handling Mailbox-Control TPEG

20 Issues Data volume Up-date rate / Transmission frequency Choice of communications bearer Can mobile networks support service? Number of vehicles in service Geographic coverage Consistent level of quality of service Service / product differentiation Security / Privacy / Firewalls between fleets Data storage or Real-time only

21 Future Possibilities Multi-bearer services : DAB / GSM /. 3rd generation cellular (UMTS) Micro-Cellular High frequency beacons Convergence of cellphone and tag