A Correlation of Pearson To the Utah Core State Standards
Resource Title: Publisher: Pearson Education publishing as Prentice Hall ISBN (10 or 13 digit unique identifier is required): SE: 9780133242003 TE: 9780133235753 Media (text, software, internet, multimedia): multimedia Author: Miller, Levine Copyright: 2014 Review Date: August 28, 2013 Core Subject Area: Science 2
Science Benchmark Ecosystems are shaped by interactions among living organisms and their physical environment. Ecosystems change constantly, either staying in a state of dynamic balance or shifting to a new state of balance. Matter cycles in ecosystems, and energy flows from outside sources through the system. Humans are part of ecosystems and can deliberately or inadvertently alter an ecosystem. STANDARD I: Students will understand that living organisms interact with one another and their environment. Objective 1: Summarize how energy flows through an ecosystem. a. Arrange components of a food chain SE/TE: 73-75, 88, 89 according to energy flow. b. Compare the quantity of energy in the SE/TE: 77-78 steps of an energy pyramid. c. Describe strategies used by organisms to balance the energy expended to obtain food energy gained from the food (e.g., migration to areas of seasonal abundance, switching type of prey based upon availability, hibernation or dormancy). d. Compare the relative energy output expended by an organism in obtaining food energy gained from the food (e.g., hummingbird - energy expended hovering at a flower compared amount of energy gained from the nectar, coyote - chasing mice energy gained from catching one, energy expended in migration of birds to a location with seasonal abundance compared to energy gained by staying in a cold climate with limited food). e. Research food production in various parts of the world (e.g., industrialized societies greater use of fossil fuel in food production, human health related to food product). SE/TE: 102, 138-139, 706-707, 714, 813, 847 SE/TE: 20, 69-70, 71, 73-76, 77, 250, 264-265, 847, 868, 873 SE/TE: 80, 82, 84, 87, 109, 178, 305a, 305b, 429, 493, 715-716, 717, 718, 719, 721, 874, 1020-1023, 1025 Objective 2: Explain relationships between matter cycles and organisms. a. Use diagrams to trace the movement of SE/TE: 79-80, 81, 82-83, 84-85, 86, 89, matter through a cycle (i.e., carbon, 91, 92, 245, 246 oxygen, nitrogen, water) in a variety of biological communities and ecosystems. b. Explain how water is a limiting factor in SE/TE: 99, 100, 113, 137-141, 146 various ecosystems. c. Distinguish between inference and SE/TE: 7, 61a, 61b, 109, 125, 447a, 447b evidence in a newspaper, magazine, journal, or Internet article that addresses an issue related to human impact on cycles of matter in an ecosystem and determine the bias in the article. 3
d. Evaluate the impact of personal choices in relation cycling of matter within an ecosystem (e.g., impact of automobiles on the carbon cycle, impact on landfills of processed and packaged foods). SE/TE: 80, 82, 91, 95, 97, 109, 139, 152-153, 154-157, 158-165, 168-170, 172, 173-179, 180-181, 183 Objective 3: Describe how interactions among organisms and their environment help shape ecosystems. a. Categorize relationships among living SE/TE: 95, 100-104, 138-139, 169, 473, things according to predator-prey, 497, 783 competition, and symbiosis. b. Formulate and test a hypothesis specific effect of changing one variable upon another in a small ecosystem. c. Use data to interpret interactions among biotic and abiotic factors (e.g., ph, temperature, precipitation, populations, diversity) within an ecosystem. SE/TE: 76, 102, 103, 104, 125, 136, 138, 172 SE/TE: 53, 61b, 63, 66-67, 68, 91, 96-98, 100-101,103-104, 111, 115, 122-123, 126, 164-165, 168-170, 172, 175, 176, 177-179, 184, d. Investigate an ecosystem using methods of science to gather quantitative and qualitative data that describe the ecosystem in detail. e. Research and evaluate local and global practices that affect ecosystems. SE/TE: 92, 115, 172, 173-174, 175, 176, 177-179, 184 SE/TE: 95, 109, 117-121, 122-123, 126, 139, 152-153, 154-157, 158-165, 168-171, 172, 173-179, 180-181, 183, 184, 305a, 305b, 429 Language science students should use: predator-prey, symbiosis, competition, ecosystem, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, oxygen cycle, population, diversity, energy pyramid, consumers, producers, limiting factor, competition, decomposers, food chain, biotic, abiotic, community, variable, evidence, inference, quantitative, qualitative 4
Science Benchmark Cells are the basic unit of life. All living things are composed of one or more cells that come from preexisting cells. Cells perform a variety of functions necessary to maintain homeostasis and life. The structure and function of a cell determines the cell s role in an organism. Living cells are composed of chemical elements and molecules that form large, complex molecules. These molecules form the basis for the structure and function of cells. STANDARD II: Students will understand that all organisms are composed of one or more cells that are made of molecules, come from preexisting cells, and perform life functions. Objective 1: Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells. a. List the major chemical elements in cells SE/TE: 45, 245, 246, 671 (i.e., carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, trace elements). b. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids). SE/TE: 46-49, 200-201, 204, 209, 212, 245, 250-251, 287, 344, 363, 366-370, 403, 436, 869, 870 c. Explain how the properties of water (e.g., cohesion, adhesion, heat capacity, solvent properties) contribute to maintenance of cells and living organisms. d. Explain the role of enzymes in cell chemistry. SE/TE: 40-43, 210-211, 666, 672-673, 685-686, 869, 871, 986 SE/TE: 52-53, 403-405, 421, 785-786, 876-878 Objective 2: Describe the flow of energy and matter in cellular function. a. Distinguish between autotrophic and SE/TE: 69-71, 117, 228, 250, 610-611, heterotrophic cells. 612-613 b. Illustrate the cycling of matter and the flow of energy through photosynthesis (e.g., by using light energy to combine CO2 and H2O to produce oxygen and sugars) and respiration (e.g., by releasing energy from sugar and O2 to produce CO2 and H2O). c. Measure the production of one or more of the products of either photosynthesis or respiration. SE/TE: 70, 224-225, 226-227, 230-231, 232-234, 235-237, 238-239, 240-241, 242-243, 245, 246 SE/TE: 234, 246, 264 Objective 3: Investigate the structure and function of cells and cell parts. a. Explain how cells divide from existing SE/TE: 191, 272-273, 274-276, 277-278, cells. 279-283, 284-285, 286-288, 289-290, 291, 328 b. Describe cell theory and relate the nature of science development of cell theory (e.g., built upon previous knowledge, use of increasingly more sophisticated technology). SE/TE: 190-192, 193, 195 5
c. Describe how the transport of materials in and out of cells enables cells to maintain homeostasis (i.e., osmosis, diffusion, active transport). SE/TE: 203-207, 208-209, 210-211, 212-213, 214, 215-217, 219, 221, 222, 685-686, 687, 689, 794-798, 827-828, 829-830, 831, 833 d. Describe the relationship between the organelles in a cell and the functions of that cell. e. Experiment with microorganisms and/or plants to investigate growth and reproduction. SE/TE: 193, 194, 196-197, 198-199, 200-201, 202-205, 206-207, 218, 222 SE/TE: 67, 138, 283 Language science students should use: organelles, photosynthesis, respiration, cellular respiration, osmosis, diffusion, active transport, homeostasis, cell theory, organic, carbohydrate, fermentation, protein, fat, nucleic acid, enzyme, chlorophyll, cell membrane, nucleus, cell wall, solvent, solute, adhesion, cohesion, microorganism Science Benchmark Structure relates to function. Organs and organ systems function together to provide homeostasis in organisms. The functioning of organs depends upon multiple organ systems. STANDARD III: Students will understand the relationship between structure and function of organs and organ systems. Objective 1: Describe the structure and function of organs. a. Diagram and label the structure of the primary components of representative organs in plants and animals (e.g., heart muscle tissue, valves and chambers; lung trachea, bronchial, alveoli; leaf-veins, stomata; stem xylem, phloem, cambium; root tip, elongation, hairs; skin layers, sweat glands, oil glands, hair follicles; ovaries ova, follicles, corpus luteum). SE/TE: 662-663, 664-665, 666-668, 669-670, 672, 674-675, 676-677, 680-681, 696-701, 784-785, 789, 791-792, 797, 809, 810, 815, 817, 879, 880, 883, 885, 887, 889, 897, 898, 900, 902-903, 907, 911, 912, 923, 924-925, 927, 930, 931, 936, 937, 941, 949, 950, 951, 952, 957, 965, 967, 971, 979, 982, 983, 989, 990, 991, 996, 997, 998, 1002 b. Describe the function of various organs (e.g. heart, lungs, skin, leaf, stem, root, ovary). c. Relate the structure of organs function of organs. SE/TE: 662-662, 665-668, 671-673, 674-675, 680-683, 685-687, 688-689, 698-703, 784-786, 787-790, 791-793, 794-798, 800-801, 808-809, 810-811, 812-813, 814-818, 819-822 SE/TE: 662-662, 665-668, 671-673, 674-675, 680-683, 685-687, 688-689, 698-703, 780-781, 784-786, 787-790, 791-793, 794-798, 800-801, 806-807, 808-809, 810-811, 812-813, 814-818, 819-822 6
d. Compare the structure and function of organs in one organism structure and function of organs in another organism. e. Research and report on technological developments related to organs. SE/TE: 782-783, 786, 788, 789, 795-796, 797, 798, 810-811, 813, 814-815, 816-818, 820, 821, 824-825, 830 SE/TE: 11, 39, 435, 799, 859a, 859b, 951, 962 Objective 2: Describe the relationship between structure and function of organ systems in plants and animals. a. Relate the function of an organ SE/TE: 216, 862-863, 864, 948-951, 952- function of an organ system. 953, 964-967, 970-971, 982-985, 989-990, 991, 1002, 1003 b. Describe the structure and function of various organ systems (i.e., digestion, respiration, circulation, protection and support, nervous) and how these systems contribute to homeostasis of the organism. c. Examine the relationships of organ systems within an organism (e.g., respiration to circulation, leaves to roots) and describe the relationship of structure to function in the relationship. d. Relate the tissues that make up organs structure and function of the organ. SE/TE: 20, 44, 682-683, 711, 732, 827-830, 865-867, 886-887, 935, 937, 965-967, 967, 978, 984, 986-987 SE/TE: 216, 685-687, 863, 946-947, 948-953, 954-955, 956-957, 963-965, 966-967 SE/TE: 662-662, 665-668, 671-673, 674-675, 680-683, 685-687, 688-689, 698-703, 780-781, 784-786, 787-790, 791-793, 794-798, 800-801, 806-807, 808-809, 810-811, 812-813, 814-818, 819-822 e. Compare the structure and function of organ systems in one organism structure and function in another organism (e.g., chicken to sheep digestive system; fern to peach reproductive system). SE/TE: 782-783, 786, 788, 789, 795-796, 797, 798, 810-811, 813, 814-815, 816-818, 820, 821, 824-825, 830 Language science students should use: organ, organ system, organism, hormonal modification, stomata, tissue, homeostasis, structure, function 7
Science Benchmark Information passed from parent to offspring is coded in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules. The fundamental DNA structure is the same for all living things; the sequence of DNA differs between each organism and each species. Changes in the DNA sequence may alter genetic expression. The genetic information in DNA provides the instructions for assembling protein molecules in cells. The code used is virtually the same for all organisms. There are predictable patterns of inheritance. Sexual reproduction increases the genetic variation of a species. Asexual reproduction provides offspring that have the same genetic code as the parent. STANDARD IV: Students will understand that genetic information coded in DNA is passed from parents to offspring by sexual and asexual reproduction. The basic structure of DNA is the same in all living things. Changes in DNA may alter genetic expression. Objective 1: Compare sexual and asexual reproduction. a. Explain the significance of meiosis and fertilization in genetic variation. b. Compare the advantages/disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction to survival of species. c. Formulate, defend, and support a perspective of a bioethical issue related to intentional or unintentional chromosomal mutations. SE/TE: 323, 324-326, 327-329, 331, 333, 334, 698-699, 700, 701, 820 SE/TE: 19, 277-278, 400-401, 484, 558, 608-609, 621, 735, 819, 820-822 SE/TE: 372-373, 374-375, 376, 419-420, 435, 457-458, 460-464, 484 Objective 2: Predict and interpret patterns of inheritance in sexually reproducing organisms. a. Explain Mendel s laws of segregation and SE/TE: 311-312, 317-318, 328-329, 349, independent assortment and their role in 370, 482 genetic inheritance. b. Demonstrate possible results of recombination in sexually reproducing organisms using one or two pairs of contrasting traits in the following crosses: dominance/recessive, incomplete dominance, codominance, and sex-linked traits. c. Relate Mendelian principles to modernday practice of plant and animal breeding. SE/TE: 310-312, 313-315, 316, 319-320, 330, 333, 334, 394-395 SE/TE: 308-310, 311-312, 317-318, 328-329, 349, 370, 482, 715-718 d. Analyze bioethical issues and consider SE/TE: 14, 296, 402, 436-439, 441 the role of science in determining public policy. Objective 3: Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis. a. Use a model to describe the structure of SE/TE: 344-345, 347-348, 351, 352, 405 DNA. b. Explain the importance of DNA SE/TE: 350-353, 355, 357 replication in cell reproduction. 8
c. Summarize how genetic information encoded in DNA provides instructions for assembling protein molecules. d. Describe how mutations may affect genetic expression and cite examples of mutagens. e. Relate the historical events that lead to our present understanding of DNA cumulative nature of science knowledge and technology. f. Research, report, and debate genetic technologies that may improve the quality of life (e.g., genetic engineering, cloning, gene splicing). SE/TE: 342-343, 360-361, 362-363, 364-365, 366-367 SE/TE: 372-376, 377-378, 385, 387 SE/TE: 338-339, 340-341, 345-348, 349 SE/TE: 305a, 305b, 418-420, 421-425, 426-427, 428-429, 430-433, 433-434, 435,436-439, 440-441, 443, 444 Language science students should use: DNA, replication, fertilization, dominant trait, recessive trait, genetic engineering, gene splicing, phenotype, genotype, sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, chromosome, gene, mutation, cloning, inheritance, bioethics, pedigree Science Benchmark Evolution is central to modern science s understanding of the living world. The basic idea of biological evolution is that Earth s present day species developed from earlier species. Evolutionary processes allow some species to survive with little or no change, some to die out altogether, and other species to change, giving rise to a greater diversity of species. Science distinguishes itself from other ways of knowing and from other bodies of knowledge through the use of empirical standards, logical arguments, and skepticism, as science strives for explanations of the world. STANDARD V: Students will understand that biological diversity is a result of evolutionary processes. Objective 1: Relate principles of evolution to biological diversity. a. Describe the effects of environmental factors on natural selection. b. Relate genetic variability to a species potential for adaptation to a changing environment. c. Relate reproductive isolation to speciation. d. Compare selective breeding to natural selection and relate the differences to agricultural practices. SE/TE: 180, 460-461, 462-463, 464, 475, 477, 493 SE/TE: 166-168, 463, 820, 833 SE/TE: 494-495, 496-497, 517, 546-547 SE/TE: 457-458, 460-464, 472-473, 496-497, 715-717, 719 Objective 2: Cite evidence for changes in populations over time and use concepts of evolution to explain these changes. a. Cite evidence that supports biological SE/TE: 453, 464, 465, 466-467, 468-469, evolution over time (e.g., geologic and 470-471, 516-521, 546, 551-552, 554-555, fossil records, chemical mechanisms, DNA 559 structural similarities, homologous and vestigial structures). 9
b. Identify the role of mutation and recombination in evolution. SE/TE: 21, 372-376, 385, 387, 421-424, 430, 470-471 c. Relate the nature of science historical development of the theory of evolution. d. Distinguish between observations and inferences in making interpretations related to evolution (e.g., observed similarities and differences in the beaks of Galapagos finches leads inference that they evolved from a common ancestor; observed similarities and differences in the structures of birds and reptiles leads inference that birds evolved from reptiles). e. Review a scientific article and identify the research methods used to gather evidence that documents the evolution of a species. SE/TE: 13, 20-21, 450-453, 454-458, 459 SE/TE: 471-473, 475, 477, 487, 520, 547, 591, 752-756, 762-763, 764, 765-772, 774-775, 777 SE/TE: 763, 750a, 751, 775 Objective 3: Classify organisms into a hierarchy of groups based on similarities that reflect their evolutionary relationships. a. Classify organisms using a classification SE/TE: 511, 513, 515 tool such as a key or field guide. b. Generalize criteria used for classification SE/TE: 508-509, 510-512, 513-515, 521- of organisms (e.g., dichotomy, structure, 522, 530-531 broad to specific). c. Explain how evolutionary relationships are related to classification systems. SE/TE: 516-520, 521-522, 523-528, 529, 531, 534 d. Justify the ongoing changes to SE/TE: 521-522, 523-525, 531, 533 classification schemes used in biology. Language science students should use: evolution, fossil record, geologic record, molecular, homologous, vestigial structures, mutation, recombination, hierarchy, classification scheme, theory, natural selection, adaptation, evidence, inference, speciation, biodiversity, taxonomy, kingdom, virus, protist, fungi, plant, animal, dichotomy 10