Atomic Structure & Periodic Table Test Study Guide VOCABULARY: Write a brief definition of each term in the space provided. 1. Atoms: smallest unit of an element that has all of the properties of that element containing a nucleus within an electron cloud 2. Element: pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means 3. Nucleus: very dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom 4. Protons: + charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom & contributes to the mass of the atom 5. Neutrons: tiny, very dense, + charged region in the center of an atom; made up of protons & neutrons 6. Electrons: - charged subatomic particle of the electron cloud; involved in the formation of chemical bond 7. Electron shell, energy level, or electron ring: grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom 8. Valence electrons: electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom that influence how an element will react with other substances 9. Chemical symbol: capital letter or capital letter followed by a lower case letter that symbolizes an element 10. Atomic number: number of protons in the nucleus of one atom of an element 11. Atomic mass: average mass of protons and neutrons in an element 12. Periods: rows in a periodic table that classifies the elements by the number of atomic shells 13. Groups/Families: columns on a periodic table that arranges the elements by the number of electrons that are in the outside shell 14. Noble Gases: Un-reactive non-metals in Group 18 of the Periodic Table ATOMIC STRUCTURE: SUBATOMIC PARTICLE CHARGE LOCATION WITHIN THE ATOM Proton 15. + 16. Nucleus 17. 1 18. Neutron None 19. Nucleus 20. 1 21. Electron 22. - Electron Cloud 23. ~0 ATOMIC MASS (AMU)
24.-30. Below is an excerpt from the Periodic Table of Elements. Identify/explain each piece of information. 24. Atomic number: number or protons 25. Chemical symbol 26. Chemical name 27. Atomic mass: protons + neutrons 28. Period: #3 29. Group: #1 30. Metal 31. Most of the volume of an atom is empty space. 32. Identify the atom shown at the left: Lithium 35. What is the name of the atom that has 79 protons? Gold 33. How many valence electrons does the atom in the diagram have? 1 34. What is the atomic mass of the atom in the diagram? 6 amu 36. What electrically neutral atom has 30 neutrons and 25 electrons? Manganese 37. What is the net charge of an atom that has 20 protons and 18 electrons? +2 (# protons + # electrons = net charge) 38.-40. Matching: Draw lines to connect the appropriate pieces of information; a sample has been done. Sample Helium 1 Valence electrons 38. Lithium 4 Family 39. Chlorine 7 Valence electrons 40. Calcium 2 Period PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS: 41. Elements in the Periodic Table are arranged according to increasing numbers of protons, which is called the atomic number on an element key.
42. Each element in the same row (these rows are called periods) has the same number of energy levels. The energy levels are also called electron shells. 43. Each element in the same column (these columns are called groups or families) has the same number of valence electrons. 44.-48. Complete the chart below GROUP/FAMILY PERIOD ELEMENT TYPE 2 44. 2 Beryllium 45. Metal 16 3 46. Sulfur 47. Nonmetal 18 6 48. Radon Noble Gas 49. All elements in Group 18 are called noble gasses and are inert, which means they don t readily react with other elements. 50. What is true about elements A, B, C, and D? A. They are in the same group C. They are all in the same period B. They are all nonmetals D. They are all gasses 51. What is true about elements W, X, Y, and Z? A. They are in the same group C. They are all in the same period B. They are all nonmetals D. They are all metalloids
52. Elements to the left of the zigzag line on the periodic table are called metals and share similar characteristics; name three of these characteristics: 53. Good conductor of heat & electricity 54. Malleable 55. Ductile 56. Elements to the right of the zigzag line on the periodic table are called nonmetals and share similar characteristics; name three of these characteristics: 57. Poor conductors of heat & electricity 58. Brittle 59. 60. Elements on the zigzag line are called: metalloids Draw a Bohr model of a Neon atom in the space below and to the right: 61. Protons: 10 62. Neutrons: 10 63. Electrons: 10 64. Number of electron shells: 2 65. Group #: 18 66. Period #: 2 67. Number of valence electrons: 8 68. An electrically neutral atom has an atomic mass of 30.973 and an atomic number of 15. How many neutrons does this atom have? 16
******* PRE-AP ******* ******* KEY ******* Draw the Lewis Dot structure for the Argon atom. Ar What is the atomic mass for this atom of Argon? 40 amu What is the overall charge for this atom of Argon? neutral How can you determine what period the above atom of Argon is in without looking at a periodic table? Number of electron shells (3 shells = period 3) What is the name of the group Argon is located in? 18 An atom that has 24 protons and 25 electrons is called a(n) ion (-1 anion) An atom that has 1 proton and 1 neutron is called a(n) isotope What is the one thing that cannot change about an atom? number of protons Which element does this model represent? Lithium represents neutrons represents protons represents electrons