Basics in Energy Information (& Communication) Systems Substation Automation

Basics in Energy Information (& Communication) Systems Substation Automation Dr. Johann Pohany,

Agenda Overview History and basic Idea Power Automation Solutions Applications Outlook 2

Overview High availability of a grid by using modern Power Automation systems Early detection of weaknesses in the grid Short response time in case of failures Prevention of switchgear against a single operation faults Automation functions 4

IEC TC 57 Working Groups about Standards WG13 IT-System 1 IT-System m WG 14 Control Center A EMS Apps. 61970 DMS Apps. 61970 61968 61968 Control Center B WG07 Communication Bus WG9 SCADA Inter-CC Datalink 60870-6 60870-5-102 61334 60870-5-101/104 60870-6-TASE.2 61850 Substation / Field Device 1 WG15 Security Substation / Field Device n WG3 RTU Substation Automation System WG10,11 60870-5-103 61850 Protection, Control, Metering 60834 Switchgear, Transformers, Instrumental Transformers 61850 WG10,12 WG5 5

IEC TC57 Harmonization with UCA2 6

Power Automation Communication IEC 61850: Basic applications and possible extensions Work completed Telecontrol of substations Seamless Information/Automation Architecture IEC TC57 / Ad Hoc Working Group 07 Work in Progress Addendum Power Quality, Monitoring, IEC 61850 Communication between control centers and substations, IEC 61850 Communication between substations, IEC 61850 Product standard for switchgear equipment, IEC 62271-003 Control and monitoring of wind power plants, IEC 61400-25 Control and monitoring of distributed energy resources, IEC 62350 Control and monitoring of hydroelectric power plants, IEC 62344 Settings for Protection, Logging and Disturbance Recorder IEEE PSRC H5 (some more groups dealing with IEC 61850, C3, H6, JTF4 Work in Discussion Metering (EPRI, IEEE), Gas, Water 7

Utility Communication today Communication highways, standard IEC protocols Generation Transmission S/S S/S little utility communication Page 8 8

Products and Solutions of Power Automation Protection Devices and Systems Substation Automation Systems, Telecontrol Systems, Bay units Measurement and Registration For Power Quality 9

Definitions Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) Any device incorporating one or more processors with the capability to receive or send data/control from or to an external source (e.g., electronic multifunction meters, digital relays, controllers) 10

xxxx x xxx xxx xx Substation Integration and Automation Levels Integrated utility business operation Added value network management & optimization (applications and systems) Network control & supervision (single-or multi-utility) Communicatio n Field data acquisition, local control & automation Clearing & Market Settlement Operator Enterprise Bus Network Advanced applications Network Meter data informati (EMS, DMS, EBM, Trading) planning management on Gateway Partner, market, etc. DB $ Trader Local automation SCADA etc. Asset Energy Sales management Data & Care warehouse...... Private & public networks Multi-site Information gateway Substation Protection RTUs Meters automation Power Exchange Business Services IT Integration ASP Administration Operation, BPO E-Commerce Maintenance 11

Substation Integration Integration of protection, control and data acquisition functions into a minimal number of platforms to reduce capital and operating costs, reduce panel and control room space, and eliminate redundant equipment and databases 12

Substation Automation Deployment of substation and feeder operating functions and applications ranging from SCADA and alarm processing to integrated volt/var control in order to optimize the management of capital assets and enhance operation and maintenance (O&M) efficiencies with minimal human intervention 13

Example of primary Substation and secondary Substation Primary Substation Secondary Substation 14

Architecture Functional Data Paths 15

New Versus Existing Substations 110 kv New Substations Unidirectional power flow IEDs With Digital Communications 20 kv PLCs for Direct I/O No Conventional RTUs Today 0.4 kv Simple distribution Existing Substations transformer May Integrate IEDs With Existing RTUs (No Support of Non-Operational and Remote Access Data Paths) Integrate Existing RTU as IED or Eliminate q Radial system q Simple protection q Simple or no automation q Simple or no communication Use Existing RTU and Use IEDs and PLCs for RTU I/O 16

History 1996 2010 Telecontrol and Substation Control for more than 70 years Power Automation for more than 20 years 18

World in a Conventional Substation > 50 cores/ bay for Remote Terminal Unit - Control - Monotoring - Protection Patch Panel > 20 cores / bay for Local Control Secondary Equipment: RTU Mimic panel Lots of protection relays Transducer Measuring instruments Local- /Remote switches Interposing relays Indicator lamps Position indicators Push buttons Auxiliary relays Marshalling racks Terminal blocks Extensive wiring. 19

LED Local Remote Test Normal CTRL RUN F1 F2 F3 F4 ERROR ESC 7 4 1. SIPROTEC 7SC64-0000- ABC MENU 8 5 2 0 ENTER 9 6 3 +/- LED Local Remote Test Normal CTRL RUN F1 F2 F3 F4 ERROR ESC 7 4 1. SIPROTEC 7SC64-0000- ABC MENU 8 5 2 0 ENTER 9 6 3 +/- LED Local Remote Test Normal CTRL RUN F1 F2 F3 F4 ERROR ESC 7 4 1. SIPROTEC 7SC64-0000- ABC MENU 8 5 2 0 ENTER 9 6 3 +/- What is Power Automation? TCP/IP SCADA Replacement of mimic boards by PC based system with HMI Use of numerical station and bay controllers with self monitoring & integrated functions Replacement of conventional control panels Modern communication using fibre optic links and bus systems Automated operation by logic functions Reduction of Hardware Easy expandability 1100 F1 F2 1503 1530 1530 2173 1530 2173 >1 8888 20

8 5 2 0 9 6 3 Cost Reduction at Station Level Marshalling cubicle Distributed System using fibre optic cables Increasing reliability Simple & easy mounting Faster Commissioning Simplified Documentation Easy troubleshooting Reduced total costs 21

Areas of Usage Energy supply Auxiliaries Systems Energy Transmissionnetwork Utilities Secondary h.v./l.v. Transforming station Wind farms Industry Transportation Trains Local Transportation Transrapid Infrastructure Automobile Data Center Mining Airports Chemistry Infrastructure projects Food Hospitals Paper Universities/ Refinery Colleagues Steel / Metal 23

Power Automation for all requirements of Power Transmission & Distribution Link to Control Center Automatic functions Switchgear Interlock Protection Remote Diagnostic Link to Control Center Automatic functions Switchgear Interlock Protection Remote Diagnostic Link to Control Center Automatic functions Switchgear Interlock Protection Remote diagnostic Link to Control Center Automatic functions Powerautomation Powerautomation Powerautomation Powerautomation A suitable solution for each voltage level. 24

Mapping of Power Grid onto Power Automation I The situation: Incoming Feeder -Q01 -A51 -Q0 630A -Q0 630A 1250A -T1 3 -A51 -T11 3 -Q01 200A -Q01 200A -Q01 630A -Q01 630A -Q01 200A -Q01 200A -F1 63A -F1 63A -F1 63A -F1 63A -Q0 1250A -T16 3 -T1 3 -A51 -A51 -T5 3 -T21 3 60/5A 1FS5 5VA -T21 3 60/5A 1FS5 5VA -T21 3 60/5A 1FS5 5VA -T21 3 60/5A 1FS5 5VA -T21 3 60/5A 1FS5 5VA -T21 3 60/5A 1FS5 5VA Hand over / Measurement LT 11 LT 12 LS 01 LS 02 LT 13 LT 14 For industrial Star Topology Network For industrial ring For industrial Star Topology Network 25

Mapping of Power Grid onto Power Automation II The solution: Server & HMI Corporate Netzwerk TCP/IP minirtu Seriel Hub IEC 60870-5-101 V o rfe rfe rti rti g u n g IEC 60870-5-103 24.06.2003 24.06.2003 24.06.2003 24.06.2003 24.06.2003 14:56:22.864 14:56:22.884 14:56:22.864 14:56:22.864 14:56:22.864 Ring Ost Ring Ost Ring Ost Ring Ost Ring W est V o rfe rti g u n g V o rfe rti g u n g M o n ta g e ta 24.06.2003 11:34:12.644 Rind W est Switch gear status, Indications, Commands for MV- main switchgear IEC 61850 - RJ45 IEC 61850 - LWL IEC 60870-5-103- Cu 26

Power Automation Solution Distribution 110kV-20kV Control Center IEC 60870-5-101 Control room Engineering Station Remote HMI Mobile HMI SICAM PCC Full Server Transformer monitoring IEC61850 ca. 10 km OSM OSM OSM OSM OSM IEC 60870-5-101 OSM OSM OSM 110kV section 25/6kV section 6kV section OSM OSM OSM Remote Substations 27

Power Automation Solution Ring main units IEC 60870-5-101 balanced or unbalanced Collecting Data Remote Terminals Automation Functions 28

Power Automation Solution Industry Main PC Visualization of all Substations FO-Ethernet Locale HMI Locale HMI Locale HMI Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 RS485 IEC103 LWL IEC103 RS485 IEC103 RS485 IEC103 LWL IEC103 48xMV Fields 24xTrafo. Stations 10xMV-Fields 20xMV-Fields 11xTrafo- Stations 29

Power Automation Solution Hospital Operator PC Operator PC Operator PC TCP/IP Building Technology Ind.Ethernet, CU SERVER FO,Ind.Ethernet Service Monitor Trafostation1 Trafostation2 Trafostation10 MV- Switchgear MV-Switchgear MV-Switchgear 30

Power Automation Solution Transport / Light Railway Redundante HMI Redundant Master Units FO-Communication / IEC 101 Trafostation x 8 Passenger Stations x 23 Digital Multiplexer IEC101, RS485 600m RS485/RS232 RTU Central I/Os MV-Field 34,5kV Profibus FDL PLC Process - Information IEC101, RS232 Central I/Os LV-Fields 0,4kV 31

Power Automation Solution Wind Turbine 32

Power Automation Solution Wind Turbine Automation Overview of a Wind Turbine 33

Power Automation Solution Wind Turbine The penetration of wind generation has increased in many areas to a significant level. In such areas, modern wind turbines are required to be able to endure deep voltage dips. Otherwise, major problems to the power systems stability would occur. In addition to staying connected during the fault, modern wind turbines should be able to support the grid voltage during the voltage dip by injecting reactive power. Doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine concept and full-power converter wind turbine concept. 34

Power Automation Solution Wind Turbine The automation concept of a wind turbine carries a variety of different tasks 35

Power Automation Solution Wind Turbine The automation concept of a wind turbine carries a variety of different protection systems 36

Power Automation Solution Wind Turbine Pitch Control Precise turning of the blade within 0,01 degree based on encoders with CANopen interface and fast PLC cycles to give fast feedback to the motors. Repositioning in each and every turn of the turbine 37

Power Automation Solution Wind Turbine Yaw System Control Precise positioning within 0,1 degree based on encoders with CANopen interface and fast PLC cycles to give fast feedback to the motors. 38

Power Automation Application VW Salzgitter Control room Hall 1 IEC 61850 IEC 61850 / IEC 60870-5-103 IEC 103 / RS485 OSM Local HMI 1 5 Substation Control Switchgear Hall 2 Hall 3 Hall 4 Central heading OSM OSM ESM Connection to Corporate Network general Station indications Ethernet TCP/IP IEC 61850 / IEC 60870-5-103 Station bus to production sections ESM ESM ESM IEC 61850 - RJ45 IEC 61850 - LWL IEC 60870-5-103- Cu 40

Power Automation Application Fault management system at BEWAG Control Center IEC 60870-5-104 Corporate Network TCP/IP Fault records TCP/IP Service Center Substation Control IEC 60870-5-101 Fiber optic connection ILSA-Protocol Fiber optic connection IEC 60870-5-103 Feeder 1 n Legacy Protections Units New Protection Units Switchgear IEC 61850 - RJ45 IEC 61850 - FO IEC 60870-5-103- Cu 41

Outlook New Standards for Metering Objects and Communication Gas Networks Objects and Communication Water Networks Objects and Communication As already seen, ongoing extensive usage of industrial off the shelf equipment (PLCs) More Automation even into rural areas due to lower automation costs 43