Substation Communications Design - Legacy to IEC 61850
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1 Substation Communications Design - Legacy to IEC Part 2/3: Practical Application Tim Wallaert Chris Jenkins
2 Your Utility Customer Tells You We re doing our first IEC substation and we want you to design the communication infrastructure to support it 2014 Belden Inc. 2
3 What What Do do You you Do do Now? now??? A. Take the job B. Panic C. Try to talk them out of it D. Tell them you know how to design them a great communication infrastructure for IEC (with help from presentations such as this!) E. All of the above 2014 Belden Inc. 3
4 Topics Here s Covered What We in Are this Going Presentation to Cover (and (and Why) Why) Why the utility is implementing IEC (so you know what they hope to get out of it!) IEC Overview (so you can speak their language) Environmental Conditions (so you can understand why the environmental requirements are important in selecting a switch) Communication Requirements (so you can design a solution that will work) Network Architectures (so you can select the right one for the job) 2014 Belden Inc. 4
5 What is is IEC 61850? IEC is A standard for communication networks and systems for power utility automation Defines an application-focused architecture Defines environmental conditions Translates all information into data models based on standard naming convention Efficient engineering process of an application and integration of devices from multiple vendors Much more than just a communication protocol IEC is NOT A guarantee of interoperability among different vendors 2014 Belden Inc. 5
6 Why Does the Utility Care?? Project Stage Design Install Startup Operate IEC Feature Substation Configuration Language (SCL) Data available to all devices on LAN Reduced manual configuration of devices Data available to other substations Utility Benefit Eliminates procurement ambiguity get accurate quotes Reduces wiring costs (no more point to point wiring) Lower commissioning costs Wide area protection schemes are now possible Maintain Device status data Prevent unplanned downtime Upgrade Same naming convention in similar devices New devices added without costly rework Bottom line: Utilities can do more with their substation automation for less 2014 Belden Inc. 6
7 Topics? IEC Environmental Conditions Communication Requirements Network Architecture 2014 Belden Inc. 7
8 Historical Substation Protocols Vendor-based Alstom Courier ABB SPA Siemens Profibus Schneider Modbus Standard DNP3 (mostly North America) IEC (mostly Europe) Problem Proprietary structures Different functionality No interoperability 2014 Belden Inc. 8
9 IEC and UCA2 GOAL: One International Standard IEC Belden Inc. 9
10 International Electro Technical Commission The IEC is the world's leading organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies collectively known as electro technology IEC 61850: COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS FOR POWER UTILITY AUTOMATION 2014 Belden Inc. 10
11 IEC TC57 System Reference Architecture 61970/968 Application communication Security Power Utility control system reference architecture from IEC TC 57 Source: IEC Belden Inc. 11
12 What is IEC 61850? A standard for communication networks and systems for power utility automation Defines an application-focused architecture Defines environmental conditions Translates all information into data models based on standard naming convention Efficient engineering process of an application and integration of devices from multiple vendors Much more than just a communication protocol 2014 Belden Inc. 12
13 What is IEC 61850? Scope of application of IEC Source: IEC Belden Inc. 13
14 Modeling Basic Idea: Complete description of a technical system (e.g. Substation) based on an object-oriented model Not new, but in this dimension and kind of application very innovative Reference model for information flow in the configuration process Source: IEC : Belden Inc. 14
15 The Substation Configuration Language Engineer develops Tool creates:.ssd <.ssd> Source: UTInnovation & NettedAutomation <.scd> Tool creates:.scd <.icd> = Siemens ssd: substation specification description icd: ied capability description scd: substation configuration description <.icd> = ABB <.icd> = Areva 2014 Belden Inc. 15
16 The Standard IEC Edition 1 International standard since 2003 MMS: Manufacturing Massaging Specification 2014 Belden Inc. 16
17 The Standard IEC Edition 2 IEC ongoing work in IEC TC57 Extensions of the existing standards (Edition 2) Addresses additional topics: part Hydroelectric power plants - Communication for monitoring and control part Communications systems for distributed energy resources (DER) part 80-1 Guideline to exchange information from a CDC based data model using IEC /104 part 90-1 Using IEC for the communication between substations part 90-2 Using IEC for the communication between substations and control centres part 90-3 Condition Monitoring part 90-4 Communication Network Engineering Guideline part 90-5 Use of IEC to transmit synchrophasor information Target: approval in IEC : Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants based on IEC Belden Inc. 17
18 Hirschmann Is an Active Contributor IEC Communication Network Engineering Guideline Provides definitions and specifications for the Ethernet network architecture of IEC based systems Belden Inc. 18
19 Network Engineering Guideline 2014 Belden Inc. 19
20 Network Engineering Guideline IEC Traffic Classes MMS, GOOSE, SV Station Bus and Process Bus 2014 Belden Inc. 20
21 Network Network Engineering Engineering Guideline Guideline Criteria to be considered when planning a substation network 2014 Belden Inc. 21
22 Network Network Engineering Engineering Guideline Guideline Introduction to Ethernet specific aspects (cabling, physical layer, filtering, QoS, VLANs, redundancy) 2014 Belden Inc. 22
23 Network Network Engineering Engineering Guideline Guideline Reference Topologies for station bus and process bus (star, ring, bus, mesh, ) 2014 Belden Inc. 23
24 Network Network Engineering Engineering Guideline Guideline IP addressing schemes 2014 Belden Inc. 24
25 Network Network Engineering Engineering Guideline Guideline Latency and delay aspects 2014 Belden Inc. 25
26 Network Engineering Guideline Traffic management (multicast control, segmentation, VLAN management) 2014 Belden Inc. 26
27 Network Engineering Guideline Time synchronization (use of NTP, PPS, IRIG-B, PTP) 2014 Belden Inc. 27
28 Network Engineering Guideline Network management (use of SNMP, services) 2014 Belden Inc. 28
29 Network Engineering Guideline Testing the communication network 2014 Belden Inc. 29
30 Network Engineering Guideline Case studies: IEC project examples 2014 Belden Inc. 30
31 Hirschmann Contributes to Many Standards Hirschmann is actively working in many standardization organizations: Member of DKE K 952 (German national committee Netzleittechnik ) Member of IEC TC57 WG10 (Power system IED communication and associated data models) Member of IEC SC65C WG 15 (High Availability Automation Networks) Member of IEEE1588 (Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems) Contributing to IEEE PSRC H7 (IEEE 1588 Profile for Protection Applications) Working in IEEE802.1 (LAN/MAN Standards Committee) 2014 Belden Inc. 31
32 Contents IEC Environmental Conditions Communication Requirements Network Architecture 2014 Belden Inc. 32
33 Substation Environmental Conditions Electric fields Magnetic fields Electrostatic discharge High energy power surges Ground potential rise during ground faults Temperature & humidity Vibration Condensation 2014 Belden Inc. 33
34 Some More Examples 2014 Belden Inc. 34
35 RFI Immunity Requirements IEC Communications Systems and Networks in Substations (Section 5.7) IEEE IEEE Standard Environmental and Testing Requirements for Communications Networking Devices in Electric Power Substations 2014 Belden Inc. 35
36 EMI for Substations IEC Communications Networks and Systems in Substations Part 3: General Requirements. General immunity standard: IEC x series basic immunity standard IEC /-4 for industrial devices IEC special enhancements for substations 2014 Belden Inc. 36
37 EMI Immunity Requirements IEC Communications Networks and Systems in Substations Part 3: General Requirements IEC Immunity for Power Station and Substation Environments IEC /-4 for industrial devices IEC x Series Basic Immunity Standards 2014 Belden Inc. 37
38 Climatic Requirements IEC Class A: air-conditioned locations 2. Class B: heated or cooled enclosed conditions 3. Class C: sheltered locations 4. Class D: outdoor locations Class C Operating Temperature Ranges: 1. Class C1: -5 to +45 C 2. Class C2: -25 to +55 C 3. Class C3: -40 to +70 C 4. Class Cx: Special (defined by manufacturer) 2014 Belden Inc. 38
39 What about the network equipment? No standard substation switch The network should not be the weakest link Switches must pass the same EMI tests as the IEDs 2014 Belden Inc. 39
40 Transmission Media Fibre Immunity to electrical interference Avoidance of ground loops Large bandwidth Extended distances Copper Control room cabinets Links to IEDs 2014 Belden Inc. 40
41 Contents IEC Environmental Conditions Communication Requirements Network Architecture 2014 Belden Inc. 41
42 Logical communication substation Source: Working Draft IEC TR Belden Inc. 42
43 Logical communication substation Vertical Bay to Substation level Control and monitoring Client / Server Low priority Horizontal Time critical data between IEDs Automation High priority 2014 Belden Inc. 43
44 Communication- conventional cabling (yesterday) Source: UT Innovation, Netted Automation 2014 Belden Inc. 44
45 Communication - Station bus LAN Process bus conventional (today) Substation Station bus LAN / Process level conventional (today) 2014 Belden Inc. 45 Source: UT Innovation, Netted Automation
46 Communication- Station and Process LAN (future) Substation Station and Process LAN (tomorrow) 2014 Belden Inc. 46 Source: UT Innovation, Netted Automation
47 Power Distribution - In the Past kV 3-30kV Power T&D Network Generation Consumer 2014 Belden Inc. 47
48 Power Distribution - In the Future (present) Power Plants Conventional Power Plants Solar Conventional Wind Solar Fuel Cell Wind Fuel Cell Distribution network Distribution network Generation / Consumer Generation / Consumer Consumer Consumer Industry Household Industry Household 2014 Belden Inc. 48
49 Decentralized Power Generation and Smart Grid Decentralized power generation is increasing strongly Photovoltaic Wind energy Combined heat and power Fuel cells Biomass Hydro power Strong fluctuations of produced energy results in need of Decentralize Energy Management System to balance supply and demand in real time = SMART GRID IT and communication are necessary not influenceable consumer Consumer with energy management system switchable consumer Source: EWE AG 2014 Belden Inc. 49
50 IEC Communication Management Fast Event MMS: monitoring device information MMS: Reports Ethernet: IEC GOOSE Sensor data Ethernet: Sampled Values MMS = Manufacturing Messaging Specification GOOSE = Generic Object Oriented Substation Event 2014 Belden Inc. 50
51 IEC Communication today Sampled Values and GOOSE: High MAC Multicast traffic Today: GOOSE Multicasts on Station level approx devices network uncritical Source: UTInnovation & NettedAutomation 2014 Belden Inc. 51
52 Adaptive GOOSE Transmission Time 2014 Belden Inc. 52
53 Adaptive GOOSE Transmission Time Status sent New status sent Status sent 1s 1s 1ms 1ms 1ms 10ms 100ms 1s 1s Event occurs Settings application specific Shortest GOOSE transmission time 1ms (triple-goose) Timing requirement 12ms: application application event reaction lightning strike open protection relay 2014 Belden Inc. 53
54 GOOSE protocol Fast and efficient communication Prioritization multicast GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) 2014 Belden Inc. 54
55 IEC Communication future Future: Sampled Values and GOOSE communication via Ethernet network new technology necessary need for intelligent Multicast control (MMRP) to handle SV and GOOSE Working group ( ) Source: UTInnovation & NettedAutomation 2014 Belden Inc. 55
56 IEC Communication Sensor data: Sampled Values Synchronized using IEEE1588 Sensors Merging Unit Voltage, current, phasing, Source: UTInnovation & NettedAutomation 2014 Belden Inc. 56
57 IEC Communication IEEE1588 Time Synchronization cascaded boundary clocks synchronises synchronises synchronises synchronises GM BC BC BC OC cascaded transparent clocks synchronises GM TC TC TC OC BC: point to point synchronization, cascading of control loops TC: corrects only residence time, transparent for end devices (Grandmaster, Master, Ordinary Clock) A TC causes less jitter in highly cascaded networks 2014 Belden Inc. 57
58 IEC Communication Sensor data: Sampled Values Each sensor data packet should reach the destination! (at least each second) Special requirements for the redundancy No data loss because of recovery times! No recovery time is acceptable RSTP, MRP or any other available technology does not fulfill the requirements. up to now 2014 Belden Inc. 58
59 Contents IEC Environmental Conditions Communication Requirements Network Architecture 2014 Belden Inc. 59
60 Network topologies 2014 Belden Inc. 60
61 Network topologies The standard describes several topologies: These reference topologies were chosen based on common practice in substation automation systems ranging from small distribution systems to large multi-voltage level substations. They are representative of the various networking issues described in this document. There is no best network topology and no best redundancy protocol. They all have strengths and weaknesses and the correct choice for a given application depends on many factors. Source: IEC61850 Network Engineering Guideline Included in the Guideline are Topologies: Star, Ring / Multi-Ring and double networks. There is no clear recommendation but a trend to ring structures. Redundancy technologies: RSTP IEC PRP HSR 2014 Belden Inc. 61
62 Cascade Architecture 2014 Belden Inc. 62
63 Ring Architecture 2014 Belden Inc. 63
64 Star Architecture 2014 Belden Inc. 64
65 Hybrid Architecture Star Ring 2014 Belden Inc. 65
66 Ring Extension: Sub-Ring Concept Based on RSTP MRP + SRM? 2014 Belden Inc. 66
67 STP RSTP CRP Protocol Most current Standard Typical re config Spanning Tree Protocol IEEE 802.1d Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol IEEE 802.1D 2004 Cross Network Redundancy Protocol IEC :2010 BRP Beacon Redundancy Protocol IEC :2010 Distributed Redundancy DRP Protocol IEC :2010 MRP Media Redundancy Protocol IEC :2010 Fast MRP Media Redundancy Protocol IEC :2010 Optimized RSTP HSR Comparison of Redundancy Protocols defined in IEC62439 IEEE 802.1D 2004 (configuration requirements described in IEC :2010) ms per switch Available since Remark any topology/mesh, diameter 30s limited 1990 any topology/mesh, diameter 2s limited s worst case for 512 end any topology/ duplicated nodes networks ms worst case for 500 Two top level switches with star, end nodes line or ring topologies ms worst case for 50 switches ring, double ring ms worst case for 50 switches ring 1998/ ms worst case for 50 switches 10ms worst case for 15 switches ring 2010 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ring 2010 High Availability Seamless Redundancy IEC : ms ring 2010 PRP Parallel Redundancy Protocol IEC : ms (1) pre-standard Hiper Ring since 1998, MRP since 2007 (2) pre-standard Fast Hiper Ring since 2007 any toplogy/ duplicated networks Belden Inc. 67
68 IEC62439 Redundancy PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) Zero failover duplicated networks No packet loss 2014 Belden Inc. 68
69 IEC62439 Redundancy PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) Zero failover duplicated networks No packet loss PRP Sender Red Box 1 Lan A PRP Receiver Red Box 2 Port A Port B Lan B Two redundant networks By doubling the packets no data loss if one packet fails PRP-Redundancy-Box = bidirectional splitter and combiner 2014 Belden Inc
70 IEC62439 Redundancy PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) Zero failover duplicated networks No packet loss 2014 Belden Inc. 70
71 IEC62439 Redundancy PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) Zero failover duplicated networks DAN - - Dual attached node implementing PRP Single attached nodes DAN DAN 2014 Belden Inc. 71
72 IEC62439 Redundancy PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) Zero failover duplicated networks example standard LAN with RSTP No packet loss 2014 Belden Inc. 72
73 IEC62439 Redundancy PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) Zero failover duplicated networks example standard LAN with MRP No packet loss 2014 Belden Inc. 73
74 IEC62439 Redundancy PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) Zero failover duplicated networks example standard LAN with MRP No packet loss MRP MRP 2014 Belden Inc. 74
75 IEC62439 Redundancy PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) Zero failover duplicated networks example standard LAN with wireless No packet loss BAT-R Wireless LAN BAT-R MRP 2014 Belden Inc. 75
76 IEC62439 Redundancy PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) Zero failover duplicated networks example standard LAN with wireless No packet loss BAT-R Wireless LAN 2.4 GHz WLAN BAT-R RSP RSP BAT-R Wireless LAN 5 GHz WLAN BAT-R 2014 Belden Inc. 76
77 IEC62439 Redundancy PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) Zero failover duplicated networks example standard LAN with MRP and several Red boxes No packet loss MRP MRP 2014 Belden Inc. 77
78 IEC62439 Redundancy PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) Net 6 No packet loss Net 1 Net 5 Net 2 Net 4 communication connections: net 1,2,4,5 net 1,2,3,4,5,6 net 3 net 1,2,3,4,5 not 6 net 6 net 1,2,4,5,6 not 3 Net Belden Inc. 78
79 HSR (High Available Seamless Ring) Zero failover Redundant Ring No packet loss 2014 Belden Inc. 79
80 HSR (High Available Seamless Ring) No packet loss PRP Packet PRP Packet 2014 Belden Inc. 80
81 IEC Integration in Switches Management of Switches by use of IEC Mechanisms IEC Services IEC Server IEC SCADA Workstation 2014 Belden Inc. 81
82 Additional Resources & Assistance 1. Obtain further Substation Communication resources from our website: This webpage includes substation communication diagrams and other useful tools 3. Contact a Belden representative for assistance: Call if you are in the U.S. or Canada Or complete the form at Thank you for your interest in this presentation! 2014 Belden Inc. 82
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