Substation Automation and Smart Grid

Transcription

1 GE Energy Substation Automation and Smart Grid John D. McDonald, P.E. GM, T&D Marketing IEEE PES Past President IEEE Division VII Director IEEE Fellow The Smart Grid POWERING POTENTIA L Current Situation Current Penetration 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% No s s A little more than half of existing T&D substations are equipped with s : The World Market for Substation Automation and Integration Programs in Electric Utilities: ; Newton-Evans Research Company, Inc. 2/ Current Situation (continued) Level of Integration 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% s - No integration s with some level of integration and automation 55% of substations have no integration (29% of total subs) 45% of substations have some integration (24% of total) 3/ 1

2 Plans for Retrofit Substations Retroft Substations 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% No s s - No Integration s with some level of integration 97% of retrofit T&D substations will have s 42% of retrofit T&D substations include integration and automation 4/ Plans for New Substations Plans for New Substations 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% No s s - No Integration s with some level of integration 97% of T&D substations will have s 85% of T&D substations will include integration and automation 5/ Why Needed? Why Now? DEREGULATION & COMPETITION Deregulation driving actions of most utilities Major driving forces: Improved power quality and service reliability New energy related services and business areas Lower cost of service Information needed for improved decision making SA: A proactive response to these forces 6/ 2

3 Why Needed? Why Now? DEVELOPMENT OF s Rapid development and deployment of Intelligent Electronic Devices (s) ective relays Meters Equipment condition monitors s have become an integral part of Substation Automation systems Technological developments have made SA Systems less expensive and more powerful Direct- Wired I/O RTU Concentrator LAN 7/ Why Needed? Why Now? ENTERPRISE-WIDE INTEREST IN INFORMATION FROM s Operational Amps, volts, watts, VARs, fault location, switchgear status Non-Operational Equipment condition Fault event and power quality data (waveforms) Persons working outside the control room want access for improved decision making EMS/DMS SA Platform Corporate Warehouse 8/ Why Needed? Why Now? IMPLEMENTATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF STANDARDS Confusion over industry communication standards is diminishing International standards have become reality UCA2 IEC61850 Standards based implementation projects underway at many electric utilities Widespread use of de facto standards for communications (DNP3, Modbus. Modbus) Some use of de jure standards (UCA2/IEC61850) 9/ 3

4 AM 50/51 50/51 50/51 A B TS 50/51 G R W WM VarM PF AM A VM WH VarH 50/51 50/51 50/51 50/51 A B C G R WM AM WH VarM VarH 50/51 50/51 50/51 50/51 A B C TS G R WM AM WH VarM VarH PF 50/51 50/51 50/51 50/51 A B C G R TS Level Benefits Construction Cost Savings Required functionality bundled in fewer components (21, 50/51, 79,, metering, etc) One may replace many E-M devices Electromechanical Devices s C N PF N N TPU DPU G AS CS AS 52 VS CS AS 52 CS AS 52 CS DPU DPU F1 F2 87T 87T 87T A B C TS TS Transformer T1 Main Bkr M1 Feeder Bkr F1 Feeder Bkr F2 11 / Construction Cost Savings Reduction in Physical Complexity Less inter-device wiring Fewer unique devices to inventory Some traditional devices eliminated altogether 12 / 4

5 Construction Cost Savings Relay/control house size (new construction only) Design & construction labor and materials 13 / Integration Level Benefits Integrated ection Functions Objective: Incorporate protection functions in the SA System Basic protection units (s) exchange current/voltage data via high speed LAN Relay trip signals exchanged over LAN Traditional (Electromechanical) Approach AC Hardwired DC Bus Diff Relay AC Hardwired DC 15 / 5

6 Integrated ection Functions Objective: Incorporate protection functions in the SA System Basic protection units (s) exchange current/voltage data via high speed LAN Relay trip signals exchanged over LAN Integrated Approach AC Relay Local Area Network Current/Voltage meas; Status/Trip signals Relay DC DC 16 / Integrated ection Breaker Failure at Remote End 17 / Integrated ection Breaker Failure Fault at Remote End 18 / 6

7 Integrated ection Breaker Failure O Relay C at Remote End 19 / Integrated ection Breaker Failure O Relay C at Remote End 20 / Integrated ection Breaker Failure O Relay C Breaker Failure at Remote End 21 / 7

8 Integrated ection Breaker Failure Hardwired Hardwired B O Relay F C Breaker Failure at Remote End 22 / Integrated ection Breaker Failure Hardwired Hardwired B O Relay F C Breaker Failure at Remote End 23 / Integrated ection Breaker Failure O Relay C Breaker Failure at Remote End 24 / 8

9 Integrated ection Breaker Failure Relay O Relay C Relay Substation LAN 25 / Integrated ection Breaker Failure Relay O Relay C Relay Substation LAN GOOSE Messages 26 / Integrated ection Breaker Failure Relay O Relay C Relay Substation LAN GOOSE Messages 27 / 9

10 Automation Functions Automatic Load Restoration: Supply Line Sectionalizing Nature of the problem Distribution substations often tapped off supply line without high side breaker or high side protection Considerable load may be out of service until field crews arrive on scene Objectives Identify faulted section of supply line Isolate faulted section Restore supply to substations fed off unfaulted section of supply line 29 / Supply Line Sectionalizing SA System 30 / 10

11 Supply Line Sectionalizing Permanent Fault Occurs SA System 31 / Supply Line Sectionalizing Line ection Operates SA System 32 / Supply Line Sectionalizing SA System Line ection Reports Fault Location 33 / 11

12 Supply Line Sectionalizing SA System Opens Appropriate MOD SA System 34 / Supply Line Sectionalizing SA System SA System Sends Reclose Signal 35 / Automatic Load Restoration: Intelligent Bus Failover Nature of Problem When a transformer failure occurs, simple bus failover scheme transfers load to healthy transformer Simple failover scheme may overload healthy transformer, especially during peak load Some schemes have been disabled because of this Substation firm capacity limited by amount of load that can be carried if a transformer fault occurs 36 / 12

13 Automatic Load Restoration: Intelligent Bus Failover Objectives Transfer as much load as possible to 2 nd substation transformer If necessary, transfer portion of load to alternate substation Shed portion of load if necessary 37 / Intelligent Bus Failover: How It Works 38 / Intelligent Bus Failover: How It Works Transformer Fault Occurs 39 / 13

14 Intelligent Bus Failover: How It Works Transformer Fault Occurs 40 / Intelligent Bus Failover: How It Works Trf ection Operates 41 / Intelligent Bus Failover: How It Works Bus Transfer Scheme Operates 42 / 14

15 Intelligent Bus Failover: How It Works Shed Load If Necessary To Adjacent Substation 43 / Intelligent Bus Failover: How It Works Restore Load Using Feeder Automation To Adjacent Substation 44 / Enterprise p Application Functions 15

16 SCADA Path (Operational ) Workstation Workstation Workstation Modem Radio tower Concentrator Local HMI 46 / SCADA Path (Operational ) Workstation Workstation Workstation Engineering PC Modem Firewall Warehouse Radio tower Concentrator Local HMI 47 / SCADA Path (Operational ) Workstation Workstation Workstation Operational Engineering PC Modem Firewall Warehouse Radio tower Concentrator Local HMI 48 / 16

17 SCADA Path (Operational ) Workstation Workstation Workstation Operational Engineering PC Modem Firewall Warehouse Radio tower Concentrator Local HMI 49 / SCADA Path (Non-Operational ) Workstation Workstation Workstation Operational Engineering PC Modem Firewall Router Firewall Warehouse Radio tower TCP/IP Corp WAN Concentrator Local HMI Router 50 / SCADA Path (Non-Operational ) Workstation Workstation Workstation Operational Engineering PC Modem Firewall Router Firewall Non- Operational Warehouse Radio tower TCP/IP Corp WAN Concentrator Local HMI Router 51 / 17

18 Disturbance Analysis Exploit Inherent Capabilities of s Sequence of Event reporting Digital Fault Recorder (DFR) Fault Location Disturbance from relay Computer Engineer s Desktop 52 / Intelligent Alarm Processing Prioritize alarm information Eliminate duplicate & nuisance alarms Route alarm info to appropriate party Expert alarm processing provides more informative and useful alarm messages Phase A Phase Overcurrent Alarm Phase B Overcurrent Alarm Ground Overcurrent alarm CB change of state Loss of voltage Etc.. Alarm Filter Feeder Fault A-B-G 53 / Power Quality Monitoring SA System and s able to detect power quality events and report the following information: Harmonic content of the voltage waveform Total harmonic distortion Oscillographic data (waveforms) Power Quality Info from s Computer Engineer s Desktop 54 / 18

19 Real-Time Equipment Rating Base equipment ratings on actual conditions rather than conservative assumptions Squeeze more capacity out of existing equipment Example: Transformer Hot Spot Monitoring Monitor the true winding hot spot temperature Derive loadability from the results 5-10% additional loading can be achieved 55 / Equipment Condition Monitoring Continuous On-line Diagnosis of SS Equipment (HV breakers, Transformers) Main objectives Support reliability centered maintenance Find/fix problems earlier Avoid forced (unscheduled) outages Reduce maintenance costs 56 / Equipment Monitoring Devices Dissolved Gas in Oil Monitors/Samples Moisture Detectors Load Tap Changer Monitors Partial Discharge/Acoustic Monitors Bushing Monitors Circuit Breaker Monitors (GIS and OCB) Battery Monitors Expert System Analyzers ective Relay s (I2t, Breaker timing) 57 / 19

20 Equipment Condition Monitoring Role of SA Monitor specialized sensors Perform expert system analysis Inform engineers or dispatchers of possible problems Supply non-operational data 58 / Equipment Condition Monitoring Traditional approach: Substation Maintenance Office Triggers, Alerts Modem Condition Monitoring Sensor Telephone Maintenance Management System 59 / Equipment Condition Monitoring SA approach Use Non-Operational Path: Workstation Workstation Workstation Operational Engineering PC Modem Firewall Router Firewall Non- Operational Warehouse Radio tower TCP/IP Corp WAN Concentrator Local HMI Router 60 / 20