International Conference on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles FR13 4-7 March 2013 Paris, France. Fast reactor development program in Russia Presented by Valery Rachkov ITC PRORYV Project, Moscow, Russia
Outline 1. Nuclear power in Russia. 2. Requirements to large scale NP. 3. Federal Program Nuclear Power Technologies of the New Generation.. 2
Nuclear power. Status and prospects. Present-day NP in Russia is based on use of thermal reactors (VVER/RBMK) and open nuclear fuel cycle technologies. NPPs with total capacity of around 24 GWe generate about 17% of electricity in the country, and 42 % in the Northwest part of Russia. Energy Strategy of Russia forecasts NP capacity increase to 52-62 GW(e) by 2030. The Institute for Energy Research consider an increase of NP to 100-140 GW(e) by 2050 to assure sustainability of energy supply for Russian economy. 3
GWe 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Energy strategy of Russia till 2030. Electricity generation млрд Квт.ч 953 629 149 163 175 168 2005 г. (факт) АЭС ГЭС, ГАЭС и ВИЭ ТЭС (КЭС+ТЭЦ) 1037 707 2008 г. (факт) 194-220 1245 1059 181-199 684-826 1555 247-282 1350 873-1039 224-240 356-437 2210 1800 1038-1378 319-422 1 этап 2 этап 3 этап 2030 500 400 300 200 100 Nuclear is green 0 млн квт 216,3 Electricity capacity 79,3 85,5 67,1 68,4 46,2 47,2 23,7 23,8 2005 г. (факт) ТЭЦ КЭС ГЭС, ГАЭС и ВИЭ 224,9 2008 г. (факт) 239-267 89-92 67-83 55-59 28-33 275-315 98-99 73-103 66-73 37-41 355-445 106-112 100-148 91-129 52-62 2030 1 этап 2 этап 3 этап 4
Present-day nuclear power. Challenges. Development of NP till 2030 can be realized on VVERs, while to assure large-scale NP development we have to address several challenges: A serious loss of public confidence in nuclear safety after severe accidents; Significant amounts of spent nuclear fuel accumulated in the world; Risk of proliferation of uranium enrichment and reprocessing technologies; Inefficient use of natural uranium. The new GEA project concluded: Nuclear energy is a choice, not a requirement. There is a possibility of a significant increase of NP role in sustainable energy supply if the new generation of nuclear power technologies is developed. 5
Russian strategy of the large-scale NP development. The Strategy of Nuclear Power Development in Russia in the first half of the 21st century defines the pathways for the development of large-scale nuclear power meeting natural safety criteria: Exclusion of the accidents which require evacuation or relocation of local population; Efficient use of natural U energy potential; Multirecycling of nuclear materials in a way preserving the natural radiation balance; Technological reinforcement of the nonproliferation regime; Competitiveness of nuclear power. 6
Technical requirements to the new generation of nuclear technologies: Ensuring the minimal reactivity margin in the reactor core, by achieving the core BR =1.05; Denial of direct disposal of irradiated fuel; Minimization of high-level wastes through multirecycling of MA with U - Pu mix; Minimization of the risk of nuclear materials proliferation, through elimination of the Pu breeding zones and of Pu separation. The above requirements as a whole can be met only as a result of FR and CNFC technologies development. 7
Development of sodium cooled fast reactor technologies in Russia Total reactor-years is ~ 140 BN-800 (planned for 2014) BN-600 (1980) BN-350 (1973 73) BR-5/10 (1959) 8
The stages of heavy metal coolant technology development Pb-Bi Pb Pb-Bi Pb-Bi Pb-Bi APL-705 serial (1976-1996) SVBR-100 (plan - 2017) BREST-300 (plan - 2020) APL-705 experimental (1971) Test facility (1951) 9
Status of CNFC technologies development in Russia. PUREX technology for reprocessing of spent UOX fuel from VVER-440 and BN-600 (RT-1 plant); MOX fuel testing (of about 50 assemblies with pellet fuel, and about 30 vibrocompacted fuel assemblies) in BN-350 and BN-600 reactors; Experimental technology of nitride uranium fuel; Technology of pyrochemical processing of irradiated nuclear fuel at laboratory level.. 10
Assessment of various FR and CNFC technologies The BREST system has the highest potential. The main challenge - none of the technologies involved in the BREST system has been demonstrated. 11
Federal Target Program Nuclear Power Technologies of a New Generation. The following major facilities are planned to be developed and commission by 2020: Multi-purpose fast research reactor MBIR; Prototype power unit with lead-cooled fast reactor - BREST-300; Commercial prototype power unit with a lead-bismuth fast reactor - CVBR-100; Total amount of funds allocated to the implementation of the Program is about 100 billion rubles or 2.5 billion Euro. 12
Federal Target Program Nuclear Power Technologies of a New Generation. Projects in compliance with the natural safety criteria: industrial line for production of mixed nitride U-Pu fuel (MNIT); R&D, design and construction of BREST-OD-300; R&D, design and construction of on-site closed fuel cycle facilities for BREST-OD-300; R&D and design of the sodium cooled fast reactor BN-1200; The goal is to select the best technological solutions for the design of the first-of a kind power module with 2 fast reactors of 1200 MW(e) capacity each and onsite closed fuel cycle facilities associated with these two reactors. 13
Conclusions The large-scale NP can be developed on the basis of new generation of CNFC and FR technologies being in compliance with natural safety criteria; Within the FTP we are planning to develop alternative technologies with the goal to select by 2020 the best technological option for the large-scale nuclear power development in Russia in 21 century. 14
Thank you 15