Fukushima Fukushima Daiichi accident. Nuclear fission. Distribution of energy. Fission product distribution. Nuclear fuel
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1 Fukushima 2011 Safety of Nuclear Power Plants Earthquake and Tsunami Accident initiators and progression Jan Leen Kloosterman Delft University of Technology 1 2 Nuclear fission Distribution of energy radioactive Fissioning of 1 gram uranium yields as much energy as burning 2500 liters petrol or 3000 kilograms coal 3 4 Fission product distribution Sr-90 LW R 10 2 U-235 Pu Pu I-131 Cs-137 Nuclear fuel Yield (%) Mass number A 5 6
2 Fuel assembly Reactor safety Reactivity control Fuel cooling (in and outside reactor pressure vessel) Safe confinement of radioactivity 7 8 Feedback coefficients Decay heat production U-235 Doppler feedback Moderator Moderator feedback U-238 U-235 Decay power / MWth Decay energy / MWd Pu-239 1) Stable system 2) Loss of coolant stops fission chain reaction 3) Loss of moderation stops fission chain reaction 9 Time / day Also after shut down of the reactor, the fuel needs to be cooled for a long time! 10 Decay heat production Containments nuclear power plant Decay power / MWth Time / day Vervalenergie / MWd 300 kg/mwth water@sbp Fuel rod Primary system (steel) Containments (2x concrete+steel) 11 12
3 Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants Unit Type Containment Power (MWe) Core # Fuel type 1 BWR3 Mark I UO UO LEU 548 BWR4 Mark I MOX 4 - UO UO2 6 BWR5 Mark II UO2 Source: NRG Ground Acceleration Values Measured accelerations did not exceed design base values significantly Source: JAIF
4 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear site Fukushima Daiichi nuclear site Aerial view Fukushima Daiichi Fukushima Daiichi after Tsunami Plant design Plant design 23 24
5 Plant design Plant design Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 25 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 26 Plant design service floor 27 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 28 Plant design service floor Plant design reactor vessel head Lifting the containment closure head Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 29 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 30
6 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 31 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 32 15:41 14 m Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 33 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 34 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 35 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 36
7 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 37 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 38 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 39 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 40 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 41 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 42
8 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 43 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 44 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 45 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 46 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 47 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 48
9 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 49 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 50 Fukushima Daiichi Spent fuel pools Spent fuel pools Source: VGB Powertech 51 Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 52 Spent fuel pools Spent fuel pools Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 53 Source: Tepco, March 22,
10 Spent fuel pools Fukushima Daiichi Unit Flooded trenches Flooded trenches INES scale 59 60
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