Nuclear Regulation for SMR in India Current Perspectives

Transcription

1 Licensing and Safety Issues for Small and Mediumsized Reactors (SMRs) 29 July 2 August 2013 IAEA Headquarters, Vienna, Austria Nuclear Regulation for SMR in India Current Perspectives Dr. A. Ramakrishna, AERB and Shri Jose Joseph, BARC INDIA

2 Contents National Nuclear Power Programme Organisational Structure for Atomic Energy Development and Deployment of SMRs in INDIA Nuclear Regulation Role of Atomic Energy Regulatory Board Licensing Process for SMRs Review Experiences for SMRs Pre-licensing Design Safety Review of AHWR Current Perspectives for Licensing Approach for New NPPs New Provisions in light of Fukushima Accident General expectations for the Dialogue Forum INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 2

3 National Nuclear Power Programme Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) lays down the policies for National Nuclear Power Programme. Department of Atomic Energy executes the policies by engaging in Research, Technology Development, Commercial Operations in the areas of Nuclear Energy, related high technologies and basic research in Nuclear Sciences. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Frontline Multidisciplinary Research Centre and strong technical support organisation. Atomic Energy Regulatory Board is National regulatory body to frame safety policies, lay down safety standards and requirements with powers for enforcement. INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 3

4 Organizational Structure for Atomic Energy in India INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 4

5 Development and Deployment of SMRs in India (1/3) NPPs in operation: BWRs 2 x 160 MWe 320 MWe PHWRs 1 x 100 MWe 100 MWe 1 x 200 MWe 200 MWe 14 x220 MWe 3080 MWe 2 x 540 MWe 1080 MWe -----Total Units 4780 MWe INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 5

6 Development and Deployment of SMRs in India (2/3) Government accorded approval for additional new NPPs (PHWR- 700 MWe & LWRs-1000 MWe or above) Siting evaluation completed / in progress Kudankulam (Tamil Nadu) : 1000 MWe, VVER Jaitapur (Maharashtra) : 1650 MWe, EPR Gorakhpur (Haryana) : 700 MWe, PHWR New sites identified for : PHWRs 700 MWe - Inland Sites - Madhya Pradesh, Rajashthan, Karnataka LWRs 1000 MWe & above- Chhayamithi Virdi, Gujrat - West coast Kovvada, Andhra Pradesh - East coast INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 6

7 Development and Deployment of SMRs in India (3/3) NPPs under Construction/Commissioning Kundankulam 1 & 2 (1000 MWe, VVER) Unit 1 under commissioning. Unit 2 Construction nearing completion. Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (500 MWe, PFBR) at Kalpakkam Advanced state of construction Kakrapar 3 & 4 & Rajasthan 7 & 8 (700 MWe, PHWR) Construction started INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 7

8 Nuclear Regulation - Role of AERB Safety Review and Issue of License/Authorisation to Nuclear and Radiation Facilities Ensure compliance with the stipulated requirements by the nuclear and radiation facilities Licensing of Key Operating Personnel Regulatory Inspections Review of Emergency Preparedness Development of Safety Documents Safety Research Public Information INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 8

9 Licensing Process for SMRs Governing Document Regulation of Nuclear and Radiation Facilities (AERB-SC-G) Major Stages of Consent : Siting, Construction, Commissioning, Operation, Decommissioning Clearances can be issued in Sub-stages Multi-tier review process AERB Guide on Consenting Process for NPPs and Research Reactors, AERB/SG/NPP&RR/G-1 provides following details on Contents and Format of safety documents such as Site Evaluation Report, Safety Analysis Report, Lead-Time for documents, Review areas for each stage of consent, Method for review and assessment, Application-Formats for various consents (AERB/SG/G-7) INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 9

10 Review Experiences for SMRs (1/2) (220 MWe PHWRs) Independent Review Committees Systematic Design review by Regulatory Body STANDARDISATION Licensing based on ARB/SG/G onwards COMMERCIALISATION MAPS-1&2 Madras Atomic Power Station (2 220 MWe) KAPS-1&2 RAPP-3&4 KAIGA-3&4 RAPS-1&2 NAPS- 1&2 KGS-1&2 RAPP-5&6 INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 10

11 Review Experiences for SMRs (2/2) (Different Technologies) Evolved Design Extensive design safety review Extensive use of mock-ups for complex design structures 1995 onwards ECONOMY OF SCALES Design of foreign origin Review based on PSAR in RG1.70 format Input from Rostechnadzor (RTN) review Review of first-of-a-kind safety systems 2000 onwards EXPANSION OF POWER PROGRAM Review of new design Safety criteria document Extensive R&D, Test of prototype components OEF from FBTR 2000 onwards DEMONSTRATION OF 2ND STAGE PROGRAM TAPS-3&4, 500 MWe PHWR KAPP-3&4, 700 MWe PHWR KKNPP-1&2, 1000 MWe VVER PFBR, 500 MWe FBR INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 11

12 Pre-licensing Design Safety Review of Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (1/2) The design of AHWR is unique and objective to develop the fuel cycle technologies of thorium utilization for power production and sustenance of technologies developed for PHWRs. It is a 300MWe boiling light water cooled, heavy water moderated, vertical pressure tube type reactor designed to produce most of its power from thorium. INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 12

13 Pre-licensing Design Safety Review of Advance Heavy Water Reactor (2/2) Important Features: Advanced coolant channel design features with easily replaceable pressure tubes. Reactor physics design tuned for the use of thorium based fuel with negative void coefficient of reactivity. Passive systems for core heat removal (under both normal and shutdown conditions), containment cooling and isolation. Direct injection of ECCS water into fuel bundle. Advanced accumulator with fluidic device. Availability of large inventory of water in the overhead pool inside containment. No exclusion zone Associated Desalination Plant INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 13

14 Approach of AERB for New NPPs (1/2) Imported Reactors considered after clearance by their respective regulator body and adherence to AERB regulatory processes. Design of foreign origin should be licensable in the country of its origin. Review to be based on AERB codes & guides to the extent applicable. In areas not covered by AERB documents, IAEA safety standards, international/ foreign standards as acceptable to AERB are considered. For advanced or innovative designs, safety criteria to be established in consultation with TSO and designer. INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 14

15 Approach of AERB for New NPPs (2/2) Industry codes and standards other than those normally used in India may require special assessment and comparison exercises Different safety approaches/philosophies can be accepted with adequate justification. Internationally available information including review reports of other regulators and safety assessments would be taken as supportive information but will not substitute review by AERB. Lessons learnt from Fukushima to be addressed adequately INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 15

16 New Provisions in light of Fukushima Accident For a multi unit/multi facility site, consequences due to external events shall be assessed. Consequential effects due to incidences in one facility/unit on other facilities/units shall be considered. Emergency preparedness program to include accidents in multiple facilities, possible isolation. Continuous monitoring and periodic assessment of hazards including assessment of natural and human induced events Need for additional safety margins beyond the parameters considered for design basis events. INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 16

17 General expectations for the Dialogue Forum As SMRs are based on advanced and innovative concepts, SMR Forum should address R&D activities related to: Reactor Physics, Probabilistic risk analyses, High temperature and radiation effects on fuels and materials and High efficiency power conversion systems. Regulations for New Concept Reactors Economic Viability and Competition with large reactors INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 17

18 Thank you INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues for SMRs 18