Broadand Vido ovr Catgory 6 UTP Caling Paul Kish Mihl Bohot NORDX/CDT Point-Clair, Qu, Canada +1-514-822-2345 paul.kish@nordx.om mihl.ohot@nordx.om Astrat In this papr, w will provid inormation on th appliation o roadand vido ovr high prorman Catgory 6 UTP aling. W will dsri th implmntation o a roadand vido distriution systm ovr twistd pair aling and som appliations whr it might usd. W will look at th advantags o running roadand vido transmission ovr a paralll ntwork (RF highway) ompard to running vido ovr th orporat highway. W hav rntly ompltd a sris o omprhnsiv tsts to dmonstrat th thnial asiility o running roadand vido (CATV) ovr a high-nd Catgory 6 aling systm up to a rquny o 550 MHz (78 hannls o NTSC vido). This papr will show th rsults o ths tsts in a ral-tim nvironmnt inluding signal lvl masurmnts, alin nois masurmnts, and th t o simultanous and vido transmission in th sam al. Kywords Catgory 6; Broadand vido; UTP; CATV; IP vido; RF transmission, NTSC; vido distriution; twistd-pair; alun. 1. Introdution Th rnt puliation o th Catgory 6 standard y TIA marks an important milston in th volution o ntwork aling. Catgory 6 provids a signiiant improvmnt in transmission prorman ompard with Catgory 5/5 aling with a spiid rquny rang o 250 MHz and a apaility xtnding muh highr in prati. What appliations an tak ull advantag o th highr andwidth and improvd prorman o Catgory 6 aling? On o th most dmanding appliations on th markt today is roadand vido, ommonly known as CATV or al tlvision. It arris a road rang o signals xtnding to 650 MHz and yond. Coaxial al (RG-59 or RG-6) is ommonly usd or ths appliations, primarily or hom ntworks. Most popl ar not awar that high prorman twistd pair aling an also support roadand vido. To simulat a worst-as snario, w tstd 100-mtr hannls that wr rprsntativ o typial Catgory 5, Catgory 6 as wll as a low loss Catgory 6 al with improvd rosstalk prorman. W tstd ah o th thr hannls undr two dirnt onigurations. Th irst oniguration valuatd th pitur quality using a modulatd signal arrir at 547 MHz (Channl 78). Th sond oniguration valuatd th pitur quality using a modulatd signal arrir at 55 MHz (Channl 2) whil simultanously applying a 100BASE-TX Ethrnt signal on th sam aling. An apprial dirn in pitur quality was osrvd or th thr dirnt hannls that wr tstd, du to th t o signal intrrn or du to th signal losss in th aling. It is not suiint to dmonstrat qualitativ dirns in pitur quality. It is also nssary to vriy that th UTP aling omplis with th stringnt rquirmnts o CATV distriution systms. To this nd all th paramtrs rquird or satisatory vido prorman wr dtrmind and indpndntly vriid y an indpndnt laoratory. Ths tsts inlud signal lvl masurmnts and tilt adjustmnt or th vido and audio arrir lvls aross th rquny and up to 550 MHz, nois ingrss masurmnts du to dirnt nois sours and signal lakag masurmnts to stalish omplian with rgulatory missions rquirmnts. 2. Broadand vido distriution Figur 1 illustrats how roadand vido an distriutd in a usinss nvironmnt. Potntial appliations would inlud Cal TV/ Satllit nwsasts, stord or liv vido roadast, distan larning, surity monitoring and vido onrning. Satlit, Antnna or CATV input Cominr DVD Playr Vido Camra... Path Panl Distriution Hu Cat 5 / 6 / 6+ UTP BB Vido alun DTV & NTSC hannls 1
Figur 1 Broadand vido distriution in a usinss nvironmnt A ig advantag o roadand vido ovr twistd pair is that it has th apaility to transmit many hannls simultanously using only a singl pair in a 4-pair al or roadast vido distriution or two pairs or i-dirtional intrativ vido transmission. What is th omposition o a roadand vido signal? A standard-dinition omposit vido signal is omposd o th vido inormation (luminan and hroma) and th audio inormation. Th omposit vido signal is thn modulatd on a arrir as shown in Figur 2. Dirnt hannls ar spad at 6 MHz intrvals. Thror, dpnding on th andwidth o th aling, many hannls an arrid at th sam tim. A typial alloation would arry rom hannl 2 to hannl 78 using a rquny and rom 54 MHz to 550 MHz. 5, 500 MHz or Catgory 6 and 650 MHz or a high-nd Catgory 6 hannl, suh as th NORDX/CDT 4800LX Systm, whih has a vry low Insrtion Loss and aout 10 db improvd SNR yond th Catgory 6 standard. This is th thortial uppr limit asd on signal quality. For this graph, it is assumd that th transmission haratristis o th aling ar wll havd yond th maximum rquny spiid or Catgory 5 (100 MHz) and Catgory 6 (250 MHz). Othr transmission impairmnts an urthr rstrit ithr th maximum rah (100 mtrs) or th maximum numr o hannls supportd. 100.0 80.0 Wak signal snowy pitur Worst-as Channl Insrtion Loss inluding alun losss Cat 5/5 Cat 6 Cat 6+ Vido Carrir 6 MHz Color Audio Loss (db) 60.0 40.0 20.0.g. Channl 2 Luminan 54 MHz 60 MHz 1.25 MHz 3.58 MHz 4.5 MHz Chroma Figur 2 Composit vido andwidth alloation Th roadand vido systms on th markt today ar dsignd to usd with 75 Ohm oaxial als. To transmit ths signals ovr 100 Ohm aland twistd pair aling rquirs a high quality roadand alun (Baland to unaland transormr) at ithr nd o th hannl to adapt a 75 Ohm oaxial input using an F-onntor to a 100 Ohm aland output using a modular 8-position onntor. How ar an you transmit vido signals ovr Catgory 5 and Catgory 6 aling? Most vido rivrs (.g. TV sts) ar dsignd to aommodat a wid dynami rang o signals. Th minimum signal lvl at th rmot tlvision rivr is around 1 mv pk-pk (-10 dbmv). With wakr signals, th pitur is snowy and also muh mor susptil to xtrnal nois. Th maximum output lvl rom th loal ampliir is around 1 V pk-pk (50 dbmv), giving a dynami rang o up to 60 db or th aling. It should notd that th signal lvl may nd to rdud low 50 dbmv aus o radiatd mission rquirmnts that an urthr limit th dynami rang or th appliation. Figur 3 is a graph o th rquny rang that an aommodatd or a 100-mtr Catgory 5, Catgory 6 and a high-nd Catgory 6 hannl asd on a 60 db Insrtion Loss limit. Th rquny rang is 400 MHz or a Catgory 0.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Frquny (MHz) Figur 3 Insrtion Loss or dirnt al atgoris What ar th dirnt options or dlivring vido to th dsktop and what ar som o th advantags o a roadand vido (CATV) distriution ntwork? On option is Vido ovr IP using th orporat. To som xtnt this option is alrady in us today with vido lips, nwsasts and w amra imags availal through th Intrnt. Th vido imags tnd to o a lowr rsolution than roadast quality vido,.g. a DVD movi rquirs a transmission apaity o 6 8 M/s using MPEG-2 vido omprssion. A major dtrrnt or implmnting Vido ovr IP ovr th orporat is that ral tim vido imposs svr dmands on andwidth and Quality o Srvi (QoS) or your ntwork. QoS is xtrmly important whn implmnting a onvrgd ntwork in whih vido, voi and data shar th sam IP iruit. Without tiv QoS, ursty data trai an disrupt vido trai, ausing gliths, utouts, ram loss, and othr onsquns. This rsults in svr quality dgradation and usr dissatisation. It an an xpnsiv proposition to upgrad an xisting to support high quality vido. That is why it maks sns to onsidr a paralll roadand ntwork, to dlivr vido to thos loations that nd it, onrn rooms, lass rooms, ulltin oards, slt usrs. Anothr advantag o doing it ovr high prorman UTP aling is that th Catgory 5 and highr aling is alrady 2
installd in ommrial uildings, is asy to administr an dos not rquir th disruption o installing nw oaxial aling. Figur 4 illustrats onptually th advantags o a paralll RF highway, analogous to a high spd train that is alld th Broadand Exprss, whih an dlivr up to 3.4 G/s o ddiatd transmission apaity or roadast quality vido and audio. Figur 6 Broadand vido appliation Satllit ds Broadand Exprss Control High way RF Highway RF Highway - Rsrvd andwidth - Alloatd spa (up to 40 M/s pr hannl) - No ongstion / no dlays - Optimizd or high volum - IP ontrol / shduling - Larg apaity ~ 85 analog hannls ~ 500 digital hannls Figur 4 Advantags o a sparat roadand vido ntwork How do you implmnt a roadand vido distriution systm to support straming vido appliations undr IP ontrol, to dlivr satllit ds and or surity monitoring? Without gtting into too many dtails as to th typ o quipmnt rquird, Figur 5, 6 and 7 illustrat a lok diagram o how th systm is implmntd or dirnt appliations. ATM, T1, DSL, ISDN RF Wirlss Routr 40 GB driv ~ 40 hrs o ontnt at 6 Mps Vido Srvr multi-hannl MPEG-2 dodr PCI ards Hard driv 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16 vido hannls... Cominr BB Vido Distriution Ntwork s Multiplxrs Cominr T Channls MHz Channl 7.00 T7 13.00 T8 19.00 T9 25.00 T10 31.00 T11 37.00 T12 43.00 T13 49.00 T14 BB Vido Distriution Ntwork Figur 7 Broadand vido appliation Surity monitoring 3. Prorman valuation 3.1 Tst oniguration and rsults - Vido To valuat th prorman o roadand vido distriution ovr Catgory 6 UTP aling, w usd th tst oniguration and th omponnts shown in Figur 8. Th roadand vido distriution hu (16-port) and th alun adaptr at th work ara loation ar manuaturd y Z-Band Corporation. W installd svn IBDN 4800LX als in a 1-inh onduit to simulat a worst-as installation with 90 mtrs o al and 10 mtrs o path ords. This allowd us to prorm th tsting in a worst-as snario whil simultanously loading all th als with vido and or signals to tak into aount th t o alin rosstalk twn als. Tst Coniguration (Signal Lvl and Alin Crosstalk) Figur 5 Broadand vido appliation - Straming vido Splittr 950-2150 MHz Tunr Tunr Tunr Digital Vido Broadast QPSK to QAM Transmodulator QPSK Dmod. QPSK Dmod. QPSK Dmod. QAM Mod. QAM Mod.... QAM Mod. Uponvrtr (50-860 MHz) Uponvrtr (50-860 MHz) Uponvrtr (50-860 MHz) RF Cominr Digital QAM st-top trminal BB Vido Distriution Ntwork 3 Swp Gnrator Vid G-BUD G-Flx Path Panl PS6LX ords a 4800LX 90 m d... g 4800LX 90 m 1" onduit a d g Wall G-BOB Lvl Mtr All othr CATV hannls
Figur 8 Stup or signal lvl and alin rosstalk masurmnts Th irst sris o tsts prormd inludd masuring th signal lvl at th input o th distriution hu and at th output o th alun in th work ara ovr th rquny rang rom 50 MHz to 550 MHz. Th alin rosstalk was masurd y applying a signal on hannl B through G rsptivly and masuring th nois oupld on hannl A. Th rsults ar shown in Figur 9. Atr ompltion o ths tsts quality o th pitur rom a DVD playr modulatd on hannl 2 (55,25 MHz) and hannl 78 (547.25 MHz) was osrvd and notd with and without alin nois prsnt. Lvl (dbmv) 40 30 20 10 0-10 -20-30 -40-50 -60 Signal Lvl and Alin Nois 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Frquny (MHz) Figur 9 Signal lvl and alin nois masurmnts GigaBUD I/P Th main t o th alin nois was hanging th lvl o th signal slightly, ithr highr or lowr ompard to th riv signal without alin nois prsnt mainly at th highr rqunis. Thr was no signiiant t on pitur quality that was notial. Rx A Nx B=>A Nx C=>A Nx D=>A Nx E => A Nx F=>A N G=>A Figur 10 Stup or signal lvl and ingrss masurmnts Whn th roadand vido and signal ar prsnt simultanously in th sam al, w osrvd that masurd ingrss gnratd y th 100BASE-TX signal was limitd to a rquny rang undr 200 MHz, and thror, th main t was at lowr hannls (NTSC hannl 2 6). Th ingrss rom signal on adjant als (Alin NEXT) is insigniiant. Th ingrss masurmnts ar shown in Figur 11 and 12 rsptivly, or 100BASE-TX signals in th sam als and in adjant als, rsptivly. Lvl (db) 30 20 10 0-10 -20-30 -40-50 Ch 2 Ingrss masurmnts - Cas I 0 50 100 150 200 250 Frquny (MHz) Figur 11 Ingrss rom and Vido in sam al Vid + Vid only only Amint Chn 2 3.2 Tst oniguration and rsults - and Vido To valuat th prorman o roadand vido distriution and ovr th sam aling or ovr sparat aling, w usd th tst oniguration and th omponnts shown in Figur 10. For this tst, th 100BASE-TX signal was injtd into th auxiliary ports o th Broadand vido distriution hu using a rossovr path ord (pairs 2, 3 pairs 1,2). Th othr two pairs, pair 4 and pair 3 ar usd or outgoing and inoming vido rsptivly. Lvl (db) 30 20 10 0-10 -20-30 Ch 2 Ingrss masurmnts - Cas II Amint Vid + (alin) (alin) Chn 2-40 Tst Coniguration ( & Vido) -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 Frquny (MHz) Swp Gnrator Vid G-BUD G-Flx Path Panl PS6LX ords a 4800LX 90 m d... g 4800LX 90 m 1" onduit a d g Wall G-BOB Lvl Mtr 4 Figur 12 Ingrss rom and Vido in sparat als What is th t on pitur quality o running and vido in th sam al? First o all, it rquirs a aling Bos VoIP Swith SmartBits 100BASE-TX Trai Gnrator
systm with vry good rosstalk isolation twn pairs. For th aling usd in ths tsts, th NEXT rosstalk isolation is aout 8 db ttr than spiid y th TIA 568-B.2.1 (Catgory 6) standard. To look at th t on pitur quality w varid th lvl o th vido signal until thr was a prptil intrrn pattrn on th rivd pitur on th TV monitor. This t is illustratd in Figur 13 and Figur 14 whn applying a vido signal on hannl 2 (55,25 MHz). For a wak signal,.g. 1 dbmv (Figur 13), th intrrn in quit visil. For a strongr signal,.g. 16 dbmv, th intrrn is not at all notial. For vido transmission ovr this typ o al, it is rommndd to adjust th ampliir gain to provid a minimum o + 20 dbmv on hannl 2 and 5 dbmv on hannl 78 or good pitur quality. Not: Ths piturs ar apturd imags rom a DVD movi ntitld Bak to th Futur -1 dbmv No -1 dbmv Figur 13 Et o intrrn or a wak signal 16 dbmv 3.3 Additional tsting This papr prsnts som o th main paramtrs that wr tstd in a ral tim nvironmnt to valuat th thnial asiility o roadand vido transmission ovr high-nd UTP aling. Th authors would lik to mntion th rsults o othr indpndnt tsts that wr prormd in our laoratory that ar providd in an indpndnt third party tst rport (s rrn 1). Ths additional tsts inlud lakag masurmnts in omplian with FCC part 15 Radio Frquny dvis, supart B, unintntional radiators. This rport is availal on our w sit at www.nordx.om. At th tim o this writing, a mor omprhnsiv sris o missions tst is in progrss at an indpndnt tst laoratory and will rportd during th IWCS prodings. 4. Conlusions Broadand vido is dinitly on appliation that an tak ull advantag o th improvd transmission prorman ord y Catgory 6 aling and yond. A low Insrtion Loss and a high Signal-to-Nois Ratio ar th most important aling paramtrs or th roadand vido appliation. Although th omposit vido signal is an analog signal today, utur digital tlvision signals will us th sam roadand rquny sptrum and hannl alloation ut a dirnt digital modulation shm (MPEG-2 / 8-VSB or 256- QAM). Digital tlvision ors th potntial to arry up to 500 standard dinition hannls using th rquny rang rom 50 MHz to 550 MHz andwidth. Broadand vido an ind all kinds o appliations in a usinss nvironmnt inluding spialty nws hannls, vido onrning, distan larning and surity monitoring. Thr is an advantag to having th vido appliation running on a sparat roadand ntwork to prvnt ntwork ongstion and ottlnks. High quality vido will th nxt wav o appliations that will hav a dramati impat on your ntwork. High prorman Catgory 6 aling is wll positiond to mt th andwidth rquirmnts or ths appliations. 4.1 Authors No -1 dbmv Figur 14 Th t o intrrn or a strongr signal 5
magazins and thnial onrns. H has prsntd sminars at BICSI and othr industry orums to promot aling standards and th nd or highr prorman aling. Paul Kish is Dirtor, IBDN Systms and Standards with NORDX/CDT. H is th urrnt vi-hairman o th TIA TR-42 nginring ommitt rsponsil or tlommuniations aling standards or ommrial and rsidntial installations. H has n ativ in th dvlopmnt o aling standards sin 1989 with TIA. H has also partiipatd in standards dvlopmnt at CSA, ISO/IEC and IEEE. H initiatd th work that ld to th puliation o additional spiiations or Catgory 3, 4 & 5 als, whih hav had a major impat in th aling industry. Paul Kish is also a mmr o th BICSI TIM Committ that is rsponsil or th Chaptrs on Cal Transmission and Eltromagnti Compatiility. Paul Kish graduatd with an M.A.S. Dgr in ltrial nginring rom th Univrsity o Watrloo, Ontario, Canada in 1972. H startd to work as a al dsign nginr with Bll Northrn Rsarh in 1972. H joind Northrn Eltri a yar latr to work on al dvlopmnt projts. H has hld a numr o positions at Northrn Tlom inluding Managr o th Cal Dvlopmnt Laoratoris, Managr o Cal Dsign and Produt Managr or IBDN Caling. Paul Kish is rognizd in th industry as an xprt in al transmission. H has authord many thnial paprs that hav n pulishd in various industry Mihl Bohot graduatd in ltrial nginring rom th Univrsity o Montral, Qu, Canada in 1985. H also graduatd in Nular nginring rom Gnva Enginring Shool, Switzrland in 1982. H startd to work as a dsign nginr in th dvlopmnt o passiv and ativ ntworking produt in 1985. H joind Northrn Tlom in 1989 to work on aling systm tsting. H has hld a numr o positions at Northrn Tlom inluding Produt Managr or Ntworking Equipmnt and Managr or th IBDN Systms and Appliations Laoratoris. 5. Aknowldgmnts Spial thanks to Christian Yamgo o NORDX/CDT sta or his hlp in th dvlopmnt o th tst stup and or assisting with th la masurmnts. DVD movi ntitld Bak to th Futur, 2002 Copyright, Univrsal Studios. 6. Rrns [1] Intrtk ETL Smko, Broadand Vido Ovr Twistd Pair Caling, ETL Rport No. 3040657, May 7, 2003. www.nordx.om/puli/htmn/broadand_vido.htm 6